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Application of women in the labor market in the selected region
ŠVARCOVÁ, Eva
The aim of this thesis is to characterize the evolution of women´s employment and unemployment in the labor market in South region of Czech Republic and find out what are the conditions for the women´s admission to occupation, particularly after maternity leave. For this purpose I examined the necessary information from the Czech Statistical Office and the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Then I prepared the questionnaire concerning the issue. My aim was to explore the labor market situation and verify that it is very difficult to manage currently maternal responsibilities and job.
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Nursing care about women with multiple pregnancy
LINHARTOVÁ, Petra
ABSTRAKT Nowadays the occurrence of multiple pregnancy is connected with methods of artificial insemination that bring along many other complications. A multiple pregnancy requires greater attention, care of the obstetrician and the midwife. Because the attendance care for these woment keeps developing at the same time with new findings, it is necessary to provide a quality care, of which is mostly in charge an experienced midwife. Multiple pregnancy is a state when there is more than one fetus developed in the womb. Mostly we are speaking of twins (gemini), triplets (trigemini) and quadruplets (quadrigemini). A multiple pregnancy is a greater burden to the organism of the woman during the whole period of pregnancy. Speaking of multiple pregnancy we should count with occurrence of various complications, e.g. premature labour, placental insufficiency, or occurrence of toxaemia of pregnancy. Therefore an early and regular prenatal care is so important for women with multiple pregnancy. To find out whether the nursing care for woman with a multiple preganancy is carried out according to given nursing standards, we chose a quantitative survey and used the questionnaire form. There were 27 open questions, semi open and closed questions. Midwives could cross or fill in their answers. The questionnaires were distributed in Hospital České Budějovice a.s., Hospital Nymburk s.r.o. and in Hospital Český Krumlov s.r.o. and they showed that the nursing care, e.g. blood pressure measurement, pulse measurement, weighing pregnant women, fetal auscultation is fulfilled from 100%. It was further found out that the nursing standards are carried out from 83% and that the ultrasound examination of fetuses is carried out in 100% according to the recommendations of the Czech Gynecological and Obstetrical Society. 43% of midwives do not consider the care for women with multiple pregnancy more complicated than other hazardous pregnancies and 57% of midwives claim that the care for women with multiple pregnancy is not more complicated at all. The survey has shown that the nursing care for women with multiple pregnancy corresponds to nursing standards, which confirms the working hypothesis at the same time the goal of the paper concentrated on carrying out of nursing care according to nursing standards was fulfilled.
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Do women with children have lower wage rate than childless women?
Lukášová, Nikola ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to demonstrate if women with children in the Czech Republic have a lower wage rate than childless women. The data from WageIndicator Foundation was processed by using the the least squares method. The conclusion is that motherhood has a negative impact on salaries. I also found that the depreciation of human capital influences only women with two or more children. It can be caused by the lenght of maternity leave. The main finding is that the wage penalty for motherhood actually exists. And the society and politicians should give the motherhood penalty more attention in the future.
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Supporting Career Development of Women after Maternity Leave with Coaching (Comparison of the Situation in the Czech Republic and Austria)
Ebhardt, Karina ; Bedrnová, Eva (advisor) ; Jarošová, Eva (referee) ; Rymeš, Milan (referee)
Objectives: The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the situation of women returning to work after maternity leave in Austria and the Czech Republic, to design a special career coaching program for them and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: Questionnaires, interviews and career coaching program. The sample consisted of female high school, college and university graduates returning to work after maternity leave. Results: The research showed that women tend not to advance in their careers and perceive a lack of support in career development from their employers. We found no significant differences between Austrian and Czech women regarding the length of maternity leave and strategies for coping with work/family conflicts, though they differ in their approach to career management. The career coaching program was designed according to the detailed analysis of needs of our respondents and was evaluated as very effective.
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Possibilities of Alternative Deliveries in Delivery Theatre
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Miroslava
Abstract An alternative or natural childbirth works on an assumption that birth is fully natural physiological process possible to be managed by most of the mothers-to-be on their own. This work focused on four main tasks. The first one was to find out the most preferred ways of alternative childbirths during the first stage of labour among physiologically pregnant women. It was partially accomplished. The hypothesis was supported in the Hospital of České Budějovice, a.s., where mothers-to-be most often chose the method of hydrotherapy during the first stage of labour whereas mothers-to-be in the Hospital of Český Krumlov, a.s. most often chose breathing exercises and so disproved the hypothesis. The aim of the second task was to find out the most preferred ways of childbirth during the second stage of labour among physiologically pregnant women. It was fully accomplished. The hypothesis of delivery in a traditional position was supported in both hospitals, the Hospital of České Budějovice, a.s., and the Hospital of Český Krumlov, a.s. The third task was to find out the possibilities of alternative childbirths for physiologically pregnant women in surveyed hospitals. It was again fully accomplished in both hospitals, the Hospital of České Budějovice, a.s., and the Hospital of Český Krumlov, a.s. According to the research, the method offered most often was the hydrotherapy. The fourth task was to find out if an alternative management of the labour by medical staff is actively offered to physiologically pregnant women. It was fully accomplished again as the hypothesis was supported by both hospitals. The medical staff did provide an alternative management of labour. The research represented a quantitative method of data capture and used an anonymous questionnaire containing closed and semi-closed questions. Mothers after spontaneous childbirth were intended to answer that questionnaire, namely those in the puerperium department of the Hospital of České Budějovice, a.s., and the Hospital of Český Krumlov, a.s. The number of surveyors reached 109 women, i.e. 100%. According to the results of the survey, the level of medical care in researched hospitals is continuously developing, improving and optimizing in view of the modern alternative methods. The interest of mothers-to-be as well as their relatives in such methods is also continuously increasing. The maternity hospitals have to react flexibly to the increasing demand; they are renovating birthing rooms, equipping them with tools necessary to carry out alternative methods of birth and the attitude and skills of medical staff are improving. The effect is expressed by positive responses of mothers themselves who mostly declared the possibility to choose the same hospital when giving birth to their second child. Medical centres were recommended to keep the trend of growing number of alternative childbirths, renovating birthing rooms as well as other hospital departments simultaneously providing perfect, mostly individual care, particularly of midwives. It is surprising that a majority of women did not take part in childbirth classes even though the benefit of them had already been proven. Any other childbirth preparatory classes, e.g. gravid-yoga, oriental dancing, exercising or swimming, were not participated more. This work may also either contribute to the midwife-study or to the already graduated midwives interested in the development of alternative birthing methods.
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Circumstances surrounding early parenthood in the Czech Republic: Life strategies of pregnant women and mothers under the age of 20
Kyzlinková, Renáta ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
CIRCUMSTANCES SURROUNDING EARLY PARENTHOOD IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: LIFE STRATEGIES OF PREGNANT WOMEN AND MOTHERS UNDER THE AGE OF 20 Abstract The data gathered in the qualitative study by 58 semi-structured interviews with pregnant teenage girls or teenage mothers were used to describe relatively large scope of life circumstances connected to early pregnancies. The author examines what was the reason for becoming pregnant, how the teenagers' decision about how to respond to getting pregnant was made and how their life strategies changed under the pressure of this unpredictable event. Studying sexual behavior of adolescent mothers the author placed emphasis on partners' communication connected with first sexual intercourse and the increased risk of sexual abuse among the observed population. Furthermore, the role of "sexual socialization" in the family of origin was discussed. Concerning decision-making process- "keeping the baby or not", the main emphasis was placed on the social support networks and their influence on pregnant women's decisions. Very important issue analyzed in this part of the study is phenomenon of "wishing to have a baby". Another topics covered are the family formation process and housing conditions after opting for motherhood, in particular, the importance of marriage and the partner's...
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Prenatal, natal and postnatal care issues with a focus on Vietnamese women
Doležalová, Petra ; Marková, Monika (advisor) ; Tollarová, Blanka (referee)
The thesis is focused on issues concerning prenatal, natal and postnatal medical care, which is being provided to Vietnamese women. The core subject of the research is defined as "How do the Vietnamese women reflect upon or respond to health care which is ordinarily provided to them during the pregnancy and labor period as well as the postnatal stage in the Czech republic?" The objective was not just to find out how do the Vietnamese women reflect upon their experience with the care they receive, but also to investigate factors, which could have an effect on their perception and experience. The body of the thesis is divided into a theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part is devoted to a brief description of the background of the Vietnamese women, including their culture, traditions and the health care system. Different traditions associated with the pregnancy, labor, and postnatal period are described in a separate chapter. It should be noted that findings gathered from expert literature have been enriched with information which comes directly from the author's own research. This part of the thesis is then followed by a short treatise about the history of Vietnamese immigration to our country and the last chapter deals with the system of payments for health care in the Czech Republic,...
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Women in management of multinational companies
Novotná, Iveta ; Pauknerová, Daniela (advisor) ; Kašparová, Eva (referee)
This thesis deals with a lower incidence of women in top management positions. It focuses on the different skills and capabilities of men and women in managerial positions. The first part is devoted to the history of Czech women's employment, there is also a reference to the concept of management, its levels and specifics in multinational companies. It describes a general manager profile and key managerial skills. Specifically, it focuses on the obstacles hindering women from career development such as family life, the glass ceiling, tokenism and gender roles in the family. It also discusses possibilites of work organization on maternity leave, such as part-time work, job sharing, flexible hours or work from home. The second part is a qualitative survey and its analysis. At the end, this work summarises the issue of women in managerial positions.
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A Woman´s in Childbed Birth Plan and Its Possibilities of Application on Delivery Room
MEHRABIANOVÁ, Aneta
A Woman's in Childbed Birth Plan and Its Possibilities of Application on Delivery Room In the life of woman, we can consider the birth of child just like an entering the unknown. It is easy to find a lot of informations about labour and birth, but the process is very individual each time and even the woman in childbed herself can hardly estimate her reactions in the face of new experiences. Maybe this is why many women are preparing their birth plan. The purpose of birth plan is to inform the obstetrician and the midwives about woman's wishes and ideas about her labour. Nowadays, relatively strong disagreement against routine way of childbirth in Czech midwifery is raising and women in childbed are urging to introduce new principles in midwifery and childbirth passing. They want changes not only in rules based in law, but also in ethic rules in maternity facilities. That´s why the obstetricians and midwives should respect reasonable wishes of their clients and consider whether their ideas about labour were fulfilled. A research, which was based on checklist method for purpose of probing of acceptability and applying czech women's birth plans in some of czech maternity clinics was carried out, together with appropriate documentation of reasons and matters which led to not fulfilling the client´s birth plan. In purpose of confirm our hypothesis, that client´s birth plans are not applied in labour wards, 102 women were asked to fill in the checklist. Only women which had the birth plan in their childbirthing took part of this research. The questions in the checklist were related to the content of their birth plan and level of fulfilling of their wishes. If those were not fulfilled, women were asked to name main reasons and matters of this. Subjective opinions of women are mentioned in this checklist. The result of this research displays that birth plan was totally fulfilled to 34 (33,33 %) asked women, 54 (52,94 %) asked women was fulfilled more likely, 13 (12,75 %) asked women was fulfilled less likely and in case of 1 (0,98 %) asked women was their birth plan unfulfilled at all. Although some of women´s requests were not granted, 88 (86,27 %) czech women were generally satisfied with fulfilling of their birth plans. The contentment of clients is one of the most important indicators of quality of medical and nursing care provided in labour ward, because the satisfying or unsatisfying of client´s needs during the labour reflects adequately in the consciousness of the client as subjectively felt satisfaction or unsatisfaction with provided care. Satisfied women in childbed trust much more in their physicians and midwives and moreover they cooperate much better with them during the labour. I believe that this work will inspire pregnant women to work out their own birth plan, that designing of birth plan is ideal theoretic preparation to a childbirth and maternity and that will lead to creating of different view on women entering the labour ward with their own birth plans.
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