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The status of women on the labour market in Czech Republic
Skopalíková, Anna ; Chytil, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
The bachelor thesis addresses discrimination of women on the labour market in Czech Republic. Its aim is to verify hypothesises about the existence of lower mean wages of women and about the existence of discrimination of women on the labour market in Czech Republic. Oaxaca wage differential decomposition which is introduced in the theoretical part of the thesis confirmed the existence of wage differentials between the wages of men and women on the Czech labour market, in selected regions and in selected occupational fields. This confirms the hypothesis about lower mean wages of women. Oaxaca wage differentials decomposition also confirms that the wage gap can be explained in most cases up to 18 %. The second hypothesis is confirmed only partially. The discrimination of women probably exists on the labour market but it is not possible to confirm the size of it. The unexplained component of the wage gap (based on the Oaxaca decomposition) includes besides other things the discrimination coefficient. The size of this coefficient is not possible to determine. The secondary aim of the bachelor thesis is to determine the impact of individual variables on the observed wage gaps. Factors which most often influence the wage gaps are education and age.
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Systém odměňování v malém IT podniku
Novotný, Lukáš ; Dvořáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Cetkovský, Pavel (referee)
The topic of this thesis is reward management and its application in a small-sized IT enterprise. Its goals are to properly document and describe current reward system in the company, evaluate the system and recommend improvements for the system. The first two goals are reached via thorough research of the company through semi-structured interviews, employee satisfaction survey, participant observation and document examination and the last one by applying principles from the current literature and education to the results of the two previous goals. The findings are that the reward system, despite growing organically instead of designed, is relatively effective in some areas, but needs improvement in other areas. The main improvement areas are motivation by contingent pay, communication management and performance management. Relatively well working rewards are especially non-financial reward connected to the work environment and work itself.
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Assessment of laboratory tests efficiency in case of exocrine pancreas function determination
Šubčíková, Lenka ; Martínková, Markéta (advisor) ; Milichovský, Jan (referee)
Chronic pancreatitis is complex disease with complicated diagnosis. Nowadays there are the diagnosis and classification of chronic pancreatitis primarily based on imaging methods. In this study the results of two indirect tests of pancreatic exocrine function with different arrangement were compared. The pancreatic fecal elastase 1 was determinate by immunoassay with monoclonal antibody, as a simple screening test. The dynamics and kinetics of pancreatic exocrine secretion was observed by a breath test with 13 C-labeled substrate. The group of four volunteers was monitored for six months and analyzed each month. The mutual variability of these tests and their correlation was studied. The patients' (suspected suffering by chronic pancreatitis) anonymous data for these tests created by the Institute of laboratory biochemistry and laboratory diagnostics between 1999-2012 were statistical processed. We found, that the indirect tests of pancreatic exocrine function and determination of pancreatic enzymes does not correlate. Both of these tests have the specific diagnostic value mainly for diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. 1
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Clustering and regression analysis of micro panel data
Sobíšek, Lukáš ; Pecáková, Iva (advisor) ; Komárek, Arnošt (referee) ; Brabec, Marek (referee)
The main purpose of panel studies is to analyze changes in values of studied variables over time. In micro panel research, a large number of elements are periodically observed within the relatively short time period of just a few years. Moreover, the number of repeated measurements is small. This dissertation deals with contemporary approaches to the regression and the clustering analysis of micro panel data. One of the approaches to the micro panel analysis is to use multivariate statistical models originally designed for crosssectional data and modify them in order to take into account the within-subject correlation. The thesis summarizes available tools for the regression analysis of micro panel data. The known and currently used linear mixed effects models for a normally distributed dependent variable are recapitulated. Besides that, new approaches for analysis of a response variable with other than normal distribution are presented. These approaches include the generalized marginal linear model, the generalized linear mixed effects model and the Bayesian modelling approach. In addition to describing the aforementioned models, the paper also includes a brief overview of their implementation in the R software. The difficulty with the regression models adjusted for micro panel data is the ambiguity of their parameters estimation. This thesis proposes a way to improve the estimations through the cluster analysis. For this reason, the thesis also contains a description of methods of the cluster analysis of micro panel data. Because supply of the methods is limited, the main goal of this paper is to devise its own two-step approach for clustering micro panel data. In the first step, the panel data are transformed into a static form using a set of proposed characteristics of dynamics. These characteristics represent different features of time course of the observed variables. In the second step, the elements are clustered by conventional spatial clustering techniques (agglomerative clustering and the C-means partitioning). The clustering is based on a dissimilarity matrix of the values of clustering variables calculated in the first step. Another goal of this paper is to find out whether the suggested procedure leads to an improvement in quality of the regression models for this type of data. By means of a simulation study, the procedure drafted herein is compared to the procedure applied in the kml package of the R software, as well as to the clustering characteristics proposed by Urso (2004). The simulation study demonstrated better results of the proposed combination of clustering variables as compared to the other combinations currently used. A corresponding script written in the R-language represents another benefit of this paper. It is available on the attached CD and it can be used for analyses of readers own micro panel data.
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Internal equity principle in the context of company strategy
Kopecký, Martin ; Nový, Ivan (advisor) ; Háša, Stanislav (referee) ; Blažek, Ladislav (referee)
The thesis deals with the scientific problem of the link between the strategic management and the compensation system using the principle of internal equity. The work is based on two pillars, namely the qualitative research and own proposed solution. The first part of the thesis describes the qualitative research and the possibilities and the synergistic effects of linking business strategy and compensation system. The qualitative research is performed as a multi-case study and investigates the phenomenon in the practice of three companies from various markets (the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Bosnia and Hercegovina) and industries (finance, IT/Telco and FMCG). The research tries to find answers to the four research questions: How does business strategy influence compensation process? How can compensation support the realization of a business strategy? How can business strategy be linked with a compensation system within the principle of internal equity? How can compensation reinforce the strategic function of the human resources management? The research is based on the study of theoretical sources as well as on practical fieldwork. The qualitative research itself uses qualitative research methods for data collection, such as observations, questionnaires, and document analysis. The population questioned was top managers, line managers and representatives of HR department. In total, 142 interviews were performed by a single person. The collected data were analyzed and the triangulation was applied. The findings were summarized and generalized into a final report that brings answers to the research questions above. The research brings valuable findings used in the second, design part of the thesis. The own proposed solution consists of two main models. The first one is a simplified scheme of the compensation system and the second one is a model of strategic segmentation of jobs. The first model could be used successfully in the business practice as well as in education. The second model of the strategic job segmentation brings answer to the question of synergistic linking of business strategy and the compensation system within the principle of internal equity. The model brings valuable findings and a foundation for further theoretical research and its further development. The model also brings practical solution to the design of related policies and processes in the strategic management of human resources. By the design of both proposed models the main objectives of the thesis were achieved.
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CRM System Optimization
Fučík, Ivan ; Mildeová, Stanislava (advisor)
This thesis is focused on CRM solutions in small and medium-sized organizations with respect to the quality of their customer relationship. The main goal of this work is to design an optimal CRM solution in the environment of real organization. To achieve this goal it is necessary to understand the theoretical basis of several topics, such as organizations and their relationship with customers, CRM systems, their features and trends. On the basis of these theoretical topics it is possible to analyze current CRM solution in the organization. From the data obtained by the methods of observation and controlled interview it was possible to prepare a design for optimal CRM solution. This optimal solution comes also from user and organization requirements. The optimal CRM solution saves time and costs associated with current CRM solution and replaces existing and ineffective CRM tools.
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A neuroprotective effect of the 3α5β-pregnanolon glutamate in the animal model of ischemic brain injury
Kletečková, Lenka ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Zach, Petr (referee)
The neuroactive steroid 3α5β-pregnanolon glutamate (3α5βP-Glu) is the synthetic analogue of a naturally-occurring 3α5β-pregnanolon sulfate. Both agents inhibit preferentially tonically activated NMDA receptors by a use-dependent mechanism. The aplication of 3α5βP-Glu could reduce the excitotoxic injury of the brain during ischemic conditions, in which plays role the excessive activation of NMDA receptors. The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of systemic aplication of 3α5βP-Glu on an oxygen saturation and a regional cerebral blood flow in the brain of laboratory rat. Subsequently to establish and critically evaluate the animal model of a global ischemic brain injury. Finally to test the neuroprotective potential of 3α5βP-Glu on cognitive funtions in this model. The oxygen saturation and regional cerebral blood flow were measured in the area of dorsal hippocampus. Both observed parametres were significantly increased after the application of3α5βP-Glu. These findings confirm the assumption that 3α5βP-Glu has a neuroprotective effect. The bilateral occlusions of arteriae carotis communis following placement of the rat into a hypoxic box has been utilized as a model of global ischemic brain injury. The aplication of 3α5βP-Glu increased significantly the rats survival. However,...
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Psychic and physical factors in a nurse profession at home care
IMRAMOVSKÁ, Simona
Homecare is given to people in their natural social environment. It is aimed mainly toward sustaining and supporting health, restoring health and improving possibility of self-care, giving palliative care to incurably ill patients and enabling peaceful dying and death. For the nurses to be able to give quality nursing care they need to be in psychic and physical balance. It is important for the nurses to be aware of the consequences of such imbalance and also of the way it influences the quality of their work especially when handling difficult situations (Misconiová; 1995; Paragraph nr. 96/2004 Col.; Komačeková, 2009). First aim was to map psychic and physical factors influencing the work of a homecare nurse. Second aim was to find differences in psychic and physical factors in the profession of nurses working in homecare and in hospital. This study is based on qualitative research using questioning through in-depth interview. Research was conducted in the beginning of February 2014. Methods of direct transcription and open coding were used for data analysis. Two questionnaires were added to the original research examining Psychic stress and Physical activity according to Baecke, evaluating the amount of psychic and physical stress at work respectively. The research group consisted of 6 nurses aged between 33-55 working for homecare agencies in the south bohemian region. Written agreements were obtained from the nurses prior to them being interviewed or be given the questionnaires. Five categories were identified from the analysed interviews: psychic stress, physical stress, handling of stress, consequences of stress and the differences found regarding psychic and physical factors observed in homecare versus hospital environments. Results obtained from the questionnaire estimating Psychic stress show average value at 3.5 which can be regarded as borderline between decreased and increased risk. The analysis of Physical stress questionnaire gave the average of 3.1 corresponding to medium load. Regarding the first aim of this work the results of the questionnaires and interview are showing greater psychic stress felt by the nurses in homecare environment as compared to physical load. The second aim comparing homecare and hospital environments shows less psychic than physical stress in homecare than in hospital environments. Practical output of this bachelor thesis will be a written recommendation for nurses working in homecare aimed toward improvement of their psychic and physical health in connection to their working experience.
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Arctic tundra dendrochronology
Lehejček, Jiří ; Svoboda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Monika, Monika (referee)
Historically unprecedented environmental change in the Arctic ecosystems is often given into the context of its past and possible future development. In the region where instrumental meteorological observations are scarce archives need to be investigated in order to address this issues. The comprehensive synthesis one of the archives: long-live circumpolar evergreen Juniperus communis L. shrub is presented here. 20 individuals from southwest Greenland were investigated at the cell anatomy level to understand the ecology of the species and unhide its potential for environmental and climate reconstructions. The findings are as follows:
i) Stop of exponential cross-sectional conduit-lumen widening with increasing age is in contrast with conduit-lumen nature of trees. This indicates that shrubs do not need to saturate their water and nutrient demands via traits of classical hydraulic conductivity law but rather developed different mechanisms. Extreme weather conditions result in prostrate growth form. However, different weather factors probably influence shrub growth differently: While snow and wind act mechanically (a), temperature influences the form of growth physiologically (b). a) So long as the young shrub stem has high resilience to bend back to an upright position after snow melt and so long as it can withstand the wind during the vegetation season it most likely grows upright and the conduit-lumens widen. b) Temperature, resp. freeze-thaw events are responsible for the shrubs preference of safety (finite size of conduit-lumens) over hydraulic efficiency, thus not allowing for more primary growth. All of these (and other) factors are apparently working together and the transition of vertical to more horizontal growth is gradual. As a consequence, the conduit-lumen sizes may not have to be further increased (due to ecophysiological restrictions possibly also must not) because water is no longer transported against gravity.
ii) Observed age/growth trend has to be taken into consideration for further employment of the wood anatomical parameter in paleoenvironmental studies. That is, shrub cell parameters can only be used for this purposes if correctly detrended. This allows for more accurate as well as longer reconstructions because youth trend was often neglected in reconstructions based on shrub annual-rings.
iii) The south-western Greenland Ice-Sheet (GrIS) melt rates reconstruction is presented for the whole 20th century. This part of GrIS is considered as the most active. According to the presented reconstruction current GrIS melt rates are not uncommon for the last century being comparable to first decades of 20th century. This finding is particularly important contribution to the debate on Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Too high fresh water inputs into the Northern Atlantic from GrIS melting may slow down or even stop the AMOC which would result in more continental climate in Europe. Presented results indicate that this threshold lies higher than observed current melt rates of GrIS.
Fascinating Juniperus comunnis species has shown to be able to address many ecological as well as environmental open questions and due to its longevity and abundant distribution has a great potential to become an important player in the Arctic research.
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