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Quality of life of patients with Crohn´s disease
RENDL, Lukáš
Theoretical foundation Crohn's disease is a chronical autoimmune disease categorized, together with ulcerative colitis, in the group of idiopatic intestinal inflammations. But in spite of this categorization, Crohn's disease may not be found only in the intestines but anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the intestinal localization is most frequent and is related with numerous manifestations like stomachake, diarrhoea, bloating, flatulence, belching, loss of weight, etc. The pathogenetic cause of those discomforts consists in disorder of autoimmunity, when the body starts producing antibodies against its own tissues. But the cause of start of that pathogenetic mechanism has not been clarified so far. Experts speak about influence of infections, food, psychosomatics, smoking, genetic perceptiveness, etc. The hope of the patients is pinned on the continuously improving treatment, culminating by biological preparations that have most influenced the health condition of those persons so far. But in spite of the modern therapy, all characteristics of the disease can have negative impact on the quality of life of the patients. Goal of the thesis The goal of this thesis consists in ascertaining the quality of life of Crohn's disease patients. Hypotheses H1: Crohn's disease patients have problems in physical area. H2: Crohn's disease patients have problems in psychic area. H3: Crohn's disease patients have problems in social area. Methodology The practical part of the thesis was implemented based on quantitative inquiry within the grant Project No. 120/2012/S ?Reflection of life quality in nursing?. Two standardized questionnaires were used for the inquiry: the WHOQOL-100 general questionnaire and the IBDQ specific questionnaire, distributed among Crohn's disease patients. Valid licence was bought for both questionnaires. The size of the research set was determined at 100 Crohn's disease patients, the Crohn's disease diagnosis being the only criterion for selection of the respondents. The distribution of the questionnaires among the respondents took place with the help of gastroenterological centres. Results All data obtained were statistically processed in the SASD (Statistical Analysis of Social Data) program. The results of the processing can be divided into three areas, by the three main hypotheses verified. The first area of results provided information on the problems confronted by Crohn's disease patients in physical area. Only one problem was confirmed here: the Crohn's disease patients feel fatigue. All the remaining problems under verification in this area were refused. The second area brought information on psychical problems of the patients. Similarly to the preceding case, only one problem troubling the Crohn's disease patients was found here: feeling of irritation. The occurrence of the remaining psychical problems under verification was not confirmed. The last area of results found out the problems of the patients in social area. The results were the most positive in this case, as none of the problems under verification in this area was confirmed. Based on all results stated above, the hypotheses were evaluated as follows: H1 Crohn's disease patients have problems in physical area - refused; H2 Crohn's disease patients have problems in psychic area - refused and H3 Crohn's disease patients have problems in social area - refused. Conclusion The thesis provides comprehensive view on the issue of quality of life of Crohn's disease patients. The results may be used particularly in the work of so called IBD nurses, endoscopic nurses, but also general nurses working with the patients. The thesis can be also used as study material or as foundation for further research.
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Incentivy a prosociální jednání mužů a žen
Pulcová, Eliška ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to find out how strong have monetary or other incentives effects on prosocial behavior and conduct of men and women. The work deals with how different behaviors in regard to gender in areas such as altruism and regular support private charities, participation in volunteer activities, social preference and concern for cultural heritage, when an image motivation is on place or is not, and if the behavior is incentivized or not incentivized.
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Time management
Hanus, Filip ; Franková, Emilie (advisor) ; Motlová, Veronika (referee)
It is of great necessity to know how to manage time. The theoretical part of this thesis is concerned with the definition of time management, its origin and evolution. It covers the basic rules of efficient time management and the principles of efficient work organization. It describes the usage of goals and their setting, circadian rhythms and their influence on our productivity and the most common factors that steal our time. Based on the analysis of time frames and half-structured interviews, the empirical part follows the lives of six university students for two weeks. Our goal is to find out how the respondents use their time, what is their knowledge of time management and also to cover the difference between students living in a room alone and students sharing a room with one or multiple roommates.
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Specific features of nursing care provided to members of the Church of Scientology.
MATOUŠKOVÁ, Eva
The Church of Scientology was officially registered in Los Angeles in 1954. It is present in more than 150 countries of the world, and is professed by over 8 million people. The founder of the movement is the American author of science fiction and fiction, Laffayete Ron Hubbard, who conducted research in the sphere of the human spirit, summarised in his books "Dianetics". Later on, he focused his research on spiritual beings and their abilities. This gave rise to an applicable religious philosophy - Scientology. It has not been possible to register the Church of Scientology officially in the Czech Republic so far, and therefore it acts as the civil association of "Dianetické centrum" (the Dianetic Centre). The number of its members and sympathisers in this country is not very high, reaching approximately 800 persons. Still, it is important for us to know the differences of this minority, to be able to provide its members with nursing care corresponding to their specific needs. This subject is dealt with by the multi-cultural nursing care studying cultures and religions from the point of view of nursing practice. In connection with globalisation, this subject becomes even more topical. The national, cultural and ethnic structure of the population undergoes gradual changes and the number of foreigners legally residing in the territory of the Czech Republic keeps growing. For this reason, it is important even for nurses to be prepared and have at least the minimum knowledge of multi-cultural / trans-cultural nursing care that will enable them to provide adequate nursing care respecting the specifics in question. The objective of my thesis is to get to know the specific features of nursing care provided to members of the Church of Scientology and to establish the specific features of their life style. To meet the objectives, I set five research questions. Research question 1: Do members of the Church of Scientology have specific needs when they are being provided nursing care? Research question 2: What is the attitude of members of the Church of Scientology to the health care provided in the Czech Republic? Research question 3: Do members of the Church of Scientology have specific spiritual needs? Research question 4: What attitude do members of the Church of Scientology have towards their health? Research question 5: Do members of the Church of Scientology have a specific life style? To collect data for fulfilling my research objectives and obtaining answers to the research questions, I applied the method of qualitative research. To conduct the qualitative research I used the technique of a semi-structured interview with the members of the Church of Scientology attending the Dianetic Centre in Prague. The interview contained altogether 46 questions divided into four areas, and the participants were four men and four women of different ages and different lengths of being members of the Church. The qualitative examination established the main and most distinct specific feature in providing nursing care to members of the Church of Scientology, which is maintaining silence at the time when human mind is weakened. Further, the research showed that scientologists respect physicians and do not exclude them in cases of accidents or danger of life. They normally undergo preventive examinations and do not object to being vaccinated provided that they are supplied with sufficient information. The only exception is psychiatry. Being provided with assists constitutes the only spiritual need, and the Church of Scientology has no specifics in terms of diet. This thesis may be used as a study material for general nurses and students of nursing studies, to expand knowledge in the field of multi-cultural / trans-cultural nursing care, which will facilitate providing culture-specific nursing care to members of this religious minority.
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The impact of the economic cycle to finance the defense of the Czech republic in years 2004-2014
Heres, Ondřej ; Chmelová, Pavla (advisor) ; Strejček, Ivo (referee)
This bachelor work examines the impact of economic performance on financing the defense sector in the Czech Republic in the years 2004-2014. The main questions are whether this influence is clear and the extent to which is essential for funding this sector. The work also provides a basic overview about development and structure of the Ministry of Defence budget in these years. The theoretical part contains theories of business cycle and public sector and briefly introduces the basic institutions that are tasked to provide a defense. The analytic part analyzes the expenditures and revenues of the Ministry of Defence and assesses their mutual influence and simultaneously the influence of GDP on these indicators. To compare with previous findings, the GPD growth rate and the growth rate of defense expenditures in selected countries of NATO are analyzed in brief in the last chapter. While findings based on data from the Ministry of Defence have rather anticyclical development of defense expenditures, in selected countries of NATO, the development is more procyclical. It highlights the very ambiguous impact of the economic cycle on expenditures in the defense sector.
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Vývoj asistenční aplikace pro lidi s demencí
Černý, Martin ; Šlajchrt, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Pecinovský, Rudolf (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to implement a presentation layer for the Reminiscence Computer Therapy application. Reminiscence Therapy involves the discussion of the past memories and it is believed to help people with dementia to improve their well-being and sustain their memories. Computer Reminiscence Therapy involves technology in this therapy. The research introduces into Dementia and Reminiscence Therapy with and without using technologies. The application developed as part of this diploma thesis uses picture upload and speech recognition techniques for the memory input. This is used to support remembering of past memories and to increase discussion. The application can be used with or without the carer as well as with friends and family members. The six most important requirements on the developed application are the speech recognition, picture upload, asking questions about the previous recordings, asking questions about tagged friends, using old stories for discussion and presenting the statistics. The application was developed as a part of the competition made by AngelHack organization. Presentation, business and persistence layers of the application are discussed in this diploma thesis as well as user manual and persistence layer implementation of the requirements. The presentation layer was developed using React framework for JavaScript. Other libraries have to be used as well with the most important being Redux library for storing application state. This library affected the structure of the persistence layer.
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Interspecific hybridization in Acrocephalus warblers.
Majerová, Veronika ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Kotlík, Petr (referee)
Acrocephalus warblers have gone through the adaptive radiation during last severalmillion years, which gave rise to thirty one species occupying mainly Eurasia,Africa and Australia. The majority of species are morphologically very similar,however, they differ in ecological requirements, migration strategy, and song.Interspecific hybridization seems to be quite common among Acrocephaluswarblers, not only between sister species, but also between more distantly relatedtaxa. The main goal of this study was to determine whether this hybridization leadsto gene flow between species and which factors affect the rate of interspecific geneflow. For this purpose we conducted population-genetic analysis in three Europeanspecies of the Acrocephalus warblers of the subgenus Notiocichla: reed warbler (A.scirpaceus), marsh warbler (A. palustris), and blyth's reed warbler (A. dumetorum).Our results based on the analysis of sequence data from eight nuclear loci indicate,that gene flow between the studied species occurs, but only in one direction. Thegene flow is higher between genetically more related species than betweenecologically more similar species. We also estimated that the reed warbler and themarsh warbler diverged approximately 1,1 million years ago. The blyth's warblerand ancestor of the reed and marsh warbler...
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Pupils knowledges abou infectious diseases
Rančáková, Hana ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Erhart, Lukáš (referee)
A knowledge about infectious diseases and vaccination is very important in this time. The questionnaire, which is part of this thesis, is designated for 1st to 4th grade high school students and the upper grade grammar school pupils. The questionnaire was used to analyse pupils' knowledge and attitudes about infectious diseases and vaccination. Pupils' knowledge and attitudes are quite good and students are able to voice their opinion. Females have better knowledge than males and older students are better too. The thesis is further focusing on how are the infectious diseases included in the National Curriculum and examine the prevention programmes for schools. The other purpose is to follow up the threat of pandemic diseases and present state of knowledge and awareness about this topic.
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Differences between men and women in the Czech labour market
Stroukal, Dominik ; Kadeřábková, Božena (advisor) ; Pavelka, Tomáš (referee) ; Němec, Otakar (referee)
This thesis consists of five articles that apply current world research on labor economics at the Czech Republic and confirms the significant differences between men and women in this market. It shows that gender has a significant influence on the preference on the labor market and, consequently, on employment and health. First, the thesis shows that preferences are relevant determinant of career and then we study the difference in preference of salary for men and women. Subsequently it shows that gender plays a significant role in explaining the relationship between homeownership, and unemployment, as well as unemployment and health. The first chapter was able to demonstrate that the preference for a career has a positive influence on the choice of career. The influence of higher education on prioritizing career proved to be positive and significant. Probability of a career choice is reduced by the presence of children, however, is not dependent on their number, which is contrary to the theory of preferences. The second chapter shows that Czech women prefer more non-monetary rewards than men. It has also been shown that people with university education are same in the preferences of non-monetary rewards regardless of the gender of the respondents, however, compared to the world's research, the Czech higher education increases this preference. It turned out that women prefer risk less than men. The third chapter demonstrates that although the housing market undermines labor mobility and employment in the Czech Republic at the regional level, therefore, that in regions with a higher rate of home ownership is higher unemployment, at the individual level, the owners of housing are unemployed are less likely. The estimates are significantly different for men and women. Men living in owner-occupied housing have a higher likelihood of employment than women. At regional level, however, this thesis shows that the high rate of home ownership increases unemployment for both men and women, in the long run only to women. The fourth chapter showed that men transition to homeownership reduces the likelihood of unemployment next year. For women, this relationship has proved to be insignificant. In addition, as insignificant showed the opposite relationship, the transition from unemployment to the newly acquired home ownership. The last chapter shows that the change in the working status to unemployment will increase in the future probability of worse health. Influence in less than two years, however, proved to be significant. An important conclusion is that men have a significantly stronger relationship between health and unemployment than women.
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Multicriteria games
Tichá, Michaela ; Dlouhý, Martin (advisor) ; Lachout, Petr (referee) ; Čičková, Zuzana (referee)
Theory of multicriteria games is a special field of game theory, when one or more players have at least two payoff functions and want to maximize simultaneously. The work introduces a number of new findings. It examined the concept of finding equilibria in pure strategies in noncooperative multicriteria game. It is possible to find all the equilibria in pure strategies by full search and solving two linear programs for each point. Furthermore, two linear programs are formulated for verifying that a selected point is the equilibrium of the game or not. In the noncooperative games is also introduced the concept that with knowledge of the equilibrium of bimatrix game determines preferences of the players. Although finding the equilibrium point of the bimatrix game is nonlinear problem, finding the preferences is linear problem. The latest findings in the noncooperative games is a generalization of the concept that solves multicriteria game by assigning weights to each criterion of each player. The work demonstrates that it may not be necessarily linear weights, but it can be more general function that describes the player's preference. The remaining part is devoted to knowledge in cooperative games. There is considered that the players know their preferences and are able to express them by weights. The game with known preferences is defined and solved with the use of bargaining theory. Then it is generalized to a case where players have more payoff functions, from which they can choose. Finally, the multicriteria case of voting game is defined. It is designed completely new concept, which selects the winning coalition in the voting game. This concept is then applied to the real situation after the elections to the Chamber of Deputies in 2013.
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