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Criminality in traffic as a part of special section of criminology
RICHTEROVÁ, Michaela
The issue of car accidents associated with committing crime is quite wide and current topic. From this issue results goal of this work, to chart the crime in traffic and in this context to review, if crimes in traffic effected the policemen and the participants of the car accident in their life. The work is divided in two parts the theoretical and the practical. In the theoretical part I focused on what are car accidents, how they are divided and what are their reasons. I was also dealing with how it goes on with search of premises of the car accident and if the traffic participants hold back the accidents and how they do it. The aggressive acting of the drivers is also why the accidents happen so often that is why I deemed necessary to deal with this sphere. I focused on what are the signs and prevention of the aggressive drivers and I also mentioned so much discussed campaign "You don't think - You will pay" (Nemyslíš - zaplatíš). The car accidents have tragic effects, that is why I also referred how it is with casualties and survivors of these car accidents. I also added to my work what are the crimes, their dividing, signs and definition. Many people don't know the difference between crime and penal offence, that is why I thought it will be useful to mention the differences and also the common feature in my work. At last I divided the crime in the most common which appear in traffic frequently and the others which come under traffic however they are not the most frequent. I was also interested what is the procedure on investigation of crime and how proceeds the trial by court. I couldn't leave out what are the punishments and their execution of a punishment in traffic. In the second practical part I have used qualitative analysis. I have collected the information through the use of questioning technique semi-controlled interview. The interviews were implemented with ten communicative partners five of which were the Policemen of the Czech Republic from the car accidents department and the others five communicative partners were traffic participants who took part in a car accident. These two groups of communicative partners I have chosen by method snowball sampling. The questions were divided in three major ranges. The ranges covered car accidents, crime and the mental impact on intervened policeman and the participant after the car accident.For completion of the goal were provided two questions. The first question was investigating what is the most frequent crime in traffic. The second question was addressed to what is the mental impact of the car accidents on intervening policeman and the participant of the accident in their life. The results illustrated that both the groups the policemen of the Czech Republic and the participants of the car accident were in accord with commission of crime in traffic where they indicated as the most frequent crime Threat under the influence of drugs and Bodily harm by negligence. Among the others most frequent crime the policemen introduced Obstructing an officer verdict and the participant of accident Unauthorized use of another's property and Public safety threat. The second investigative question showed that the accidents effected both the groups mentally in connection with commission of a crime in their life. The participants are more worried about their relatives and they are afraid of the roads since they experienced serious accident. Some of them mentioned that they are afraid to be driven by someone else in the car and some of them are afraid of driving because they don't trust themselves. The accidents affect the policemen mentally because they face them and in the place of the accident they recall the tragic scene. Thanks to their profession they are more careful on the roads, they drive carefully because they can see effects which can occur. They are more concern for their relatives since they work as policemen.
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Analysis of the EU regulations in the field of Information and Telecommunication technologies and their effect on the single market
Hart, Ludvík ; Procházka, Pavel (advisor) ; Strejček, Ivo (referee)
The bachelor thesis describes the EU regulations in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly the Digital agenda for Europe strategy. These regulations are then tested for their influence on the European single market. The major question answered here is whether the EU regulations in field of ICT have a positive impact on the EUs single market. Answer to this question helps us evaluate the ongoing Digital agenda strategy. The impact of the regulations is analysed by induction of the following indicators, international trade, ratio of population buying online, DESI index and NRI index. With this method it is possible to tackle the wide range of fields the Digital agenda covers. I conclude this work with the statement, that European ICT regulations do have a positive impact on the single market, although are problematic due to the slow legislative process and low efficiency in addressing the regulated issue.
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Misleading advertising and deceptive business practice when shopping online
Žáčková, Veronika ; Hejda, Jan (advisor) ; Kaczor, Pavel (referee)
This Bachelor´s thesis deals primarily with the issues of misleading advertising in online shopping, especially when purchasing at single-item e-shops. The thesis provides a description and comparison of misleading advertising and deceptive business practice, an analysis of a specific ´problematic´ e-shop and its comparison with a ´problem-free´ e-shop and a comparison of characteristics that are common to misleading e-shops. The thesis also includes a list of institutions that are authorized to resolve issues related to misleading advertising and deceptive business practice. The practical section of the thesis proposes a website add-on that might help reduce significantly the number of fraudulent e-shops.
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Pre-Marital Agreement as a means of protection of marital property and business
Vávrová, Eliška ; Hejda, Jan (advisor) ; Kaczor, Pavel (referee)
This thesis deals with the possibilities of adjustment of marital property in the form of concluding marriage contract as a way to protect assets in case of divorce or business of one of the spouse. The aim of the work is to identify shortcomings in the current leg-islation. Based on these shortcomings suggest solution to improve the current state. According to this suggestion compile a model of marriage contract. The draft of rec-ommendation is compiled with the help of comparison with the Austrian statutory of matrimonial property relations and through questionnaire survey among students of University of Economics who have experiences with the adjustment of community property.
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Vývoj asistenční aplikace pro lidi s demencí
Černý, Martin ; Šlajchrt, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Pecinovský, Rudolf (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to implement a presentation layer for the Reminiscence Computer Therapy application. Reminiscence Therapy involves the discussion of the past memories and it is believed to help people with dementia to improve their well-being and sustain their memories. Computer Reminiscence Therapy involves technology in this therapy. The research introduces into Dementia and Reminiscence Therapy with and without using technologies. The application developed as part of this diploma thesis uses picture upload and speech recognition techniques for the memory input. This is used to support remembering of past memories and to increase discussion. The application can be used with or without the carer as well as with friends and family members. The six most important requirements on the developed application are the speech recognition, picture upload, asking questions about the previous recordings, asking questions about tagged friends, using old stories for discussion and presenting the statistics. The application was developed as a part of the competition made by AngelHack organization. Presentation, business and persistence layers of the application are discussed in this diploma thesis as well as user manual and persistence layer implementation of the requirements. The presentation layer was developed using React framework for JavaScript. Other libraries have to be used as well with the most important being Redux library for storing application state. This library affected the structure of the persistence layer.
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The role of innate immunity cells in the pathogenesis of celiac disease
Dáňová, Klára ; Palová Jelínková, Lenka (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease which occurs in susceptible individuals after ingestion of food containing gluten. Gluten and its monomeric fraction gliadin induce inflammatory damage of the small intestine by activating the immune cells that react strongly to gluten peptides. Gluten peptides have the ability to activate cells of adaptive as well as innate immune system. This work is focused on the production of interleukin (IL)-1 in antigen presenting cells stimulated with peptic gliadin digest. We found that monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from blood of celiac patients secrete significantly more IL-1α and IL-1β than cells of healthy donors after stimulation with gliadin digest. The gliadin-induced IL-1β expression is controlled by a signaling cascade that includes MAPK kinase family molecules and transcription factor NF-κB. Moreover, we found that the adaptor proteins MyD88 and TRIF as well as Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 play a role in the signaling cascade underlying gliadin-induced IL-1β expression by using murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC). The precursor form of IL-1β in gliadin- stimulated PBMC and murine BMDC is maturated by caspase-1. In celiac PBMC the gliadin- induced maturation and secretion of IL-1β depends on the potassium...
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Pupils knowledges abou infectious diseases
Rančáková, Hana ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Erhart, Lukáš (referee)
A knowledge about infectious diseases and vaccination is very important in this time. The questionnaire, which is part of this thesis, is designated for 1st to 4th grade high school students and the upper grade grammar school pupils. The questionnaire was used to analyse pupils' knowledge and attitudes about infectious diseases and vaccination. Pupils' knowledge and attitudes are quite good and students are able to voice their opinion. Females have better knowledge than males and older students are better too. The thesis is further focusing on how are the infectious diseases included in the National Curriculum and examine the prevention programmes for schools. The other purpose is to follow up the threat of pandemic diseases and present state of knowledge and awareness about this topic.
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Differences between men and women in the Czech labour market
Stroukal, Dominik ; Kadeřábková, Božena (advisor) ; Pavelka, Tomáš (referee) ; Němec, Otakar (referee)
This thesis consists of five articles that apply current world research on labor economics at the Czech Republic and confirms the significant differences between men and women in this market. It shows that gender has a significant influence on the preference on the labor market and, consequently, on employment and health. First, the thesis shows that preferences are relevant determinant of career and then we study the difference in preference of salary for men and women. Subsequently it shows that gender plays a significant role in explaining the relationship between homeownership, and unemployment, as well as unemployment and health. The first chapter was able to demonstrate that the preference for a career has a positive influence on the choice of career. The influence of higher education on prioritizing career proved to be positive and significant. Probability of a career choice is reduced by the presence of children, however, is not dependent on their number, which is contrary to the theory of preferences. The second chapter shows that Czech women prefer more non-monetary rewards than men. It has also been shown that people with university education are same in the preferences of non-monetary rewards regardless of the gender of the respondents, however, compared to the world's research, the Czech higher education increases this preference. It turned out that women prefer risk less than men. The third chapter demonstrates that although the housing market undermines labor mobility and employment in the Czech Republic at the regional level, therefore, that in regions with a higher rate of home ownership is higher unemployment, at the individual level, the owners of housing are unemployed are less likely. The estimates are significantly different for men and women. Men living in owner-occupied housing have a higher likelihood of employment than women. At regional level, however, this thesis shows that the high rate of home ownership increases unemployment for both men and women, in the long run only to women. The fourth chapter showed that men transition to homeownership reduces the likelihood of unemployment next year. For women, this relationship has proved to be insignificant. In addition, as insignificant showed the opposite relationship, the transition from unemployment to the newly acquired home ownership. The last chapter shows that the change in the working status to unemployment will increase in the future probability of worse health. Influence in less than two years, however, proved to be significant. An important conclusion is that men have a significantly stronger relationship between health and unemployment than women.
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Multicriteria games
Tichá, Michaela ; Dlouhý, Martin (advisor) ; Lachout, Petr (referee) ; Čičková, Zuzana (referee)
Theory of multicriteria games is a special field of game theory, when one or more players have at least two payoff functions and want to maximize simultaneously. The work introduces a number of new findings. It examined the concept of finding equilibria in pure strategies in noncooperative multicriteria game. It is possible to find all the equilibria in pure strategies by full search and solving two linear programs for each point. Furthermore, two linear programs are formulated for verifying that a selected point is the equilibrium of the game or not. In the noncooperative games is also introduced the concept that with knowledge of the equilibrium of bimatrix game determines preferences of the players. Although finding the equilibrium point of the bimatrix game is nonlinear problem, finding the preferences is linear problem. The latest findings in the noncooperative games is a generalization of the concept that solves multicriteria game by assigning weights to each criterion of each player. The work demonstrates that it may not be necessarily linear weights, but it can be more general function that describes the player's preference. The remaining part is devoted to knowledge in cooperative games. There is considered that the players know their preferences and are able to express them by weights. The game with known preferences is defined and solved with the use of bargaining theory. Then it is generalized to a case where players have more payoff functions, from which they can choose. Finally, the multicriteria case of voting game is defined. It is designed completely new concept, which selects the winning coalition in the voting game. This concept is then applied to the real situation after the elections to the Chamber of Deputies in 2013.
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Chosen natural resources: focuses of conflicts nad its economic consequences
Sytný, Patrik ; Vošta, Milan (advisor) ; Sankot, Ondřej (referee)
The bachelor´s thesis aims to three chosen natural resources, which are petroleum, natural gas and water, and conflicts based on disputes over them. The aim of the thesis was to valorize nature of the conflicts, define their main focus and draw prospective economic consequences. Professional literature that deals with this kind of issue, was used in order to find out the true nature of the conflicts. The result is an evaluation, which has proven, that the most influental conflicts are rising over disputes over petroleum. Their economic and political impacts are very perceptible and economically measurable in the way of GDP, the total product and other economic indicators. In the thesis has been also proven that the conflicts on the basis of natural gas have similiar nature and extent as it is in the case of petroleum, even thought in a smaller amount. The least important conflicts in a meaning of economic impacts are those over water, by those has been proven, that they do not poses such an impact on economic and political situation as petroleum or natural gas nowdays.
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