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Needs of patients with age related macular degeneration
Houdková, Eliška ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Haluzíková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the area of specific needs in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of the changed needs of patients with AMD. Methods: To achieve the aim of the thesis, a questionnaire survey was conducted. The target group of the survey were patients undergoing anti-VEGF therapy at an unnamed eye clinic. A total of 70 questionnaires were included in the survey. Results: Based on the statistical evaluation of the data, it was found that AMD significantly affects the lives of respondents in many areas. The majority of respondents identified independence and self-sufficiency as the most affected aspect of their lives. More than half of the respondents (55.71 %) have problems with mobility and everyday activities. AMD also negatively affects the mental health of patients, 70 % of respondents are afraid of depression or anxiety. Respondents find meaning and fulfillment in life, especially in the areas of family and friends relationships, leisure activities, spiritual development, education, gratitude, and a positive attitude towards life. Conclusion: AMD has a complex impact on the lives of patients. It is important to provide patients with AMD with high-quality and accessible care that includes not only...
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Functional movement disorders of the temporomandibular joint in women of working age
Nulíčková, Denisa ; Benešová, Lucie (advisor) ; Málková, Magdaléna (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Denisa Nulíčková Supervisor: Mgr. Lucie Benešová Title: Functional movement disorders of the temporomandibular joint in women of working age Abstract: The bachelor thesis deals with functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint in women of working age. The thesis is a diagnostic work. The main aim is to evaluate the most common functional changes and general common features of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction by means of extended kinesiological analysis. The sub-objective is to map the quality of life and the presence of stress factors in the patients' lives. The second sub-objective is to elaborate the proposal and goals of the physiotherapy intervention. The theoretical part, in addition to short chapters describing the anatomy and biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint, deals with functional temporomandibular disorders. It provides a comprehensive overview of their causes, symptomatology and relationship to other body structures. It also summarizes the consequences of excessive psychological stress in the context of these disorders and describes conservative methods of treatment. The practical part of the thesis consists of 5 case studies, which include detailed initial examinations. The standard kinesiological analysis is enriched with...
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Laboratory diagnostics of hepatitis E - experience from routine laboratory
Tužáková, Andrea ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Diepoltová, Adéla (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist on Laboratory Methods Author: Andrea Tužáková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title thesis: Laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis E - personal experience in a routine laboratory This thesis takes a comprehensive review of viral hepatitis E (VHE), including theoretical and practical aspects. In the theoretical part, the VHE is presented in detail, including epidemiology, genotypic variants, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, prevention and treatment. The epidemiological trends and prevalence of VHE are analysed, along with genotypic variants and their correlation with clinical manifestations. Various diagnostic modalities and therapeutic options in the context of VHE are discussed. Hepatitis E is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis E virus. It is one of the five main types of hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis E virus is transmitted mainly through the faecal-oral route, often via contaminated water or food. It can cause acute illness characterized by jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, fatigue, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. Most cases of hepatitis E resolve on their own within a few weeks to months without causing...
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Development of LC-MS method for compounds used for determination of cytochrome activity
Smolík, Martin ; Lochman, Lukáš (advisor) ; Horáček, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Candidate: Bc. Martin Smolík Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Lochman, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Development of LC-MS method for compounds used for determination of cytochrome activity. Cytochromes P450 (CYP450) are enzymes that play a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and some endobiotics (cholesterol, steroid hormones, and eicosanoids). They are present in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and kidneys. Determination of CYP450 activity is a valuable tool to detect drug interactions resulting from inhibition or induction of various isoforms of this enzyme. This thesis is devoted to the development and validation of a new analytical method using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of activity CYP450 isoforms 3A4, 2C9, and 2B6, which are crucial for the metabolism of many drugs and biologically active substances. In the framework of this thesis, a new method was developed providing a fast, accurate, and reliable measurement of the activity of these enzymes based on the quantification of specific CYP450 substrates, namely midazolam (3A4), diclofenac (2C9), bupropion (2B6) and their...
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The testing of familiar relationship in the identification genetics
Bobková, Alena ; Vaněk, Daniel (advisor) ; Zemanová, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis analyses kinship testing in identification genetics, which is a discipline enabling the genetic identification of individuals and the determination of genetic relatedness between them. This thesis covers a wide range of applications from forensic analysis through genealogical studies to biodiversity conservation. This field has been rapidly growing and gaining on importance since the 1980s, when the foundations of DNA fingerprinting were laid based on the discovery of hypervariable minisatellite regions in the genome. This thesis aims to provide an overview of methods and techniques that are used for genetic identification and kinship testing. The thesis discusses genetic markers such as STRs or SNPs, which are the basis for genetic profiling, are discussed. In addition statistical methods for evaluating genetic match and methodologies for determining the probability of kinship are also discussed. Finally, practical applications of identification genetics are presented, including its use in forensic science or in case of solving genealogical questions. The potential and future development of the technologies and their impact on society is discussed at the end of the thesis. Thus, the thesis contributes to a better understanding of the importance and opportunities of...
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Food composition and feeding selectivity of zooplankton
Lis, Jonáš ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Čablová, Radka (referee)
Zooplankton are an important link in the food web between phytoplankton and higher tro- phic levels, and understanding their feeding preferences is the key to unraveling the functions and dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. Current knowledge of zooplankton food composition is limited, consisting mainly of laboratory experiments that have revealed different hunting strategies and selection of prey based on size and nutritional value. Recently, publications have emerged that, through the use of DNA metabarcoding, provide a completely new and comprehensive insight into the diversity of zooplankton diet composition, especially copepods, cladocerans and rotifers. These methods reveal that the feeding niches of copepods and cladocerans are distinct and do not overlap. In general, both groups are said to prefer mainly diatoms as their food, when available. The food niches of rotifers are so diverse that no clear trend can be established for the entire phylum. Cyanobacteria appear to be the main source of energy for zooplankton and are proba- bly consumed by metazooplankton largely as secondary prey when consuming ciliates and other heterotrophic prey. Furthermore, differences in feeding niches between species are known and can be partly explained by their vertical distribution, and different levels of feeding...
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Interference in the photochemical generation of volatile Se species using TiO2 photocatalyst
Nentvich, Daniel ; Nováková, Eliška (advisor) ; Hraníček, Jakub (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the study of interferences in the method of UV-photochemical vapour generation of volatile Se species in formic acid media catalysed by nanocrystalline titanium dioxide. High resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry was used for detection. It was observed that SeVI was less resistant to pH change relative to SeIV , while at pH = 2.3, a 20% increase in response was observed for this specie. It was further observed that both the generated volatile SeIV and SeVI species are resistant to UV radiation in the gas phase. The Cu2+ and Ag+ ions were particularly significant interferents in the SeIV determination. Interference behaviour was also observed for Cd2+ ions and silver nanoparticles. In the case of Cd2+ ions, the generation of cadmium selenide was likely observed. For Zn2+ , Fe2+ , Co2+ ions, there was an increase in response of more than 30% and 40%, in case of Ni2+ ions. The Co2+ and Ni2+ ions were chosen as reaction modifiers. For the UV-photochemical vapour generation of selenium species with photocatalyst and reaction modifiers, there was a 4-fold improvement in detection limits and limits of quantification compared to the method without these modifiers. In addition, the overall generation efficiencies for SeIV (64.7 %) and SeVI (68.6 %) were...
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Surgery treatment in advanced osteoarthritis of the thumb CMC joint
Jurča, Jiří ; Havlas, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Veigl, David (referee) ; Pilný, Jaroslav (referee)
Surgery Treatment in Advanced Osteoarthritis of the Thumb CMC Joint Abstract The thesis addresses therapy of advanced stages of degeneration of the first carpometacarpal joint. First carpometacarpal joint is crucial for thumb oposition, allowing for a grip and fine motor skills. Based on standardized examination methods and criteria of thumbs` range of motion, grip strength - as described in experiment of this work - functional evaluation, overal patients` satisfactory rate and pain evaluation, this work compares the most frequently used surgical methods in treatment of 3rd and 4th degree of first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis. Arthrodesis, which provides good stability and thumb strength, however, range of motion is and fine motor skills are deteriorated. Resection arthroplasty, a wide group of surgical techniques based on trapeziectomy, where - despite the performance of tendon interposition, tendon sling or even ligament reconstruction - a grip strength loss, stability of the grip deterioration and restriction of thumb range of motion is inevitable. The last group of arthroplasty using implants, either replacing trapesium after it`s resection or total joint arthroplasty of the first carpometacarpal joint, which preserve both first column height and a center of rotation. Aim of this thesis is to...
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Physiotherapy for children with developmental delay
Fulková, Kristína ; Šebek, Milan (advisor) ; Tichá, Monika (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Ing. Kristína Fulková Supervisor: Ing. Milan Šebek Title: Physiotherapy for children with developmental delay Abstract: Developmental delay is a clinical term referring to a situation where a child does not reach expected milestones at a given age. This paper discusses the diagnosis, assessment and trends in the treatment of children with developmental delay. A thorough diagnosis is essential to identify specific developmental disorders such as developmental coordination disorder and cerebral palsy. In the Czech Republic, there is no uniform tool for developmental assessment in well-child visits, while abroad there is a tendency to use standardized questionnaires. Monitoring of children's development from the physiotherapist's perspective is possible with standardized instruments, which also provide the possibility of monitoring the effect of therapy. In the Czech Republic, the most used therapeutic concepts such as Vojta therapy, Bobath concept, BPP and ACT offer different methods of supporting motor development, but there is contradictory information in the literature about their effectiveness. Interventions mentioned in the international literature, such as COPCA, GAME and START-Play, emphasize family involvement and stimulation of the child's own movement. These...
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Deconstruction of Czechoslovak Identity on the Institutional Level after 1993
Hejpetrová, Vendula ; Havlíček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee)
The bachelor thesis examines the deconstruction of Czechoslovak identity at the institutional level after 1993, when Czechoslovakia collapsed. Despite the dissolution of the Czechoslovak state formation, the concept of "Czechoslovakia/Czechoslovak" continued to be worked with, especially on an institutional level. The main aim of this thesis is to find out, through my research, the purpose of using the term "Czechoslovak" in the names of institutions more than three decades after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. This research focuses on institutions founded before 1993 as well as those that were established after that date. The research was conducted using a qualitative method, namely semi-structured interviews with four respondents. This method gave a deeper understanding of the topic and provided a detailed view of the issue. The results suggest that the term "Czechoslovak" is still of great importance to the institutions, is highly valued by them and reflects not only the historical development and context of these institutions but also contributes to their identity and perception in the public space. Thus, the thesis represents a significant and primary contribution to the understanding of the deconstruction of Czechoslovak identity in institutional terms after 1993. Key words: Regional...
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