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Kampaně na eradikaci vybraných infekčních chorob ve Vietnamu s ohledem na socio-ekonomický a politický vývoj
Ostřanská, Simona
The topic of the bachelor's thesis is the political and socio-economic development of Vietnam and its impact on the epidemiological situation. The first part of the thesis describes the key determinants of political and socio-economic development and their influence on the epidemiological and demographic trends in Vietnam. This section also provides an overview of the regional and ethnic divisions within the country. The thesis then focuses on the epidemiological transition and the period of the Đổi Mới reforms and their effects on the healthcare system. The main section is dedicated to the epidemiological situation after the reunification of Vietnam and the analysis of the efforts to eliminate tuberculosis and measles, with a detailed examination of the implemented campaigns and obstacles for the process of elimination. Based on this section, the final chapter explores the theme of social inequality and the challenges faced by ethnic minorities in Vietnamese society.
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Demografický a epidemiologický vývoj ve středoasijských republikách bývalého SSSR po jeho rozpadu
Vymlátilová, Natálie
The bachelor's thesis deals with the analysis of demographic and epidemiological developments in the Central Asian republics of the former USSR after its collapse, focusing on the situation of the poorest countries of the region, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and the associated health challenges. During the existence of the USSR, the Central Asian republics underwent a series of reforms in the political, economic and social spheres, accompanied by a somewhat positive impact on the demographic and epidemiological situation of the region. The collapse of the Soviet regime caused a temporary disruption of the hitherto existing developments and a collapse of the demographic and epidemiological achievements made, leaving the region once again at the beginning of its struggle against diseases and the associated morbidity and mortality problems. The aim of this paper is to determine the demographic and epidemiological situation prevailing in the countries of Central Asia after the collapse of the USSR using selected indicators, and in particular to analyze the development of health policies and programs implemented by governments and health organizations in the countries of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the context of developments since the collapse of the USSR and their success.
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Multiple sclerosis - clinical and paraclinical markers for monitoring disease activity and factors influencing its course
Šťastná, Dominika ; Horáková, Dana (advisor) ; Libertínová, Jana (referee) ; Taláb, Radomír (referee)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that, without treatment, leads over years to decades to severe disability in most patients. We cannot cure the disease, but there is growing evidence that early initiation of anti-inflammatory therapy and management of associated comorbidities has a major impact on its course. Patient registries have an irreplaceable contribution to evaluating factors influencing the MS course and the monitoring of therapeutic agents in real clinical practice. First, this thesis evaluated therapy management trends between 2013 and 2021 based on data from the Czech National MS Registry (ReMuS). Subsequently, the paper responds to the onset of the covid-19 pandemic through registry data and addresses this issue in the context of MS. The proportion of patients in ReMuS treated with high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (HE-DMT) increased from 16.2% to 37.1% between 2013 and 2021, and the proportion of treatment-naive patients initiating HE-DMT increased from 2.1% to 18.5%. Regarding covid-19 infection, we determined that higher body mass index, older age, recent high-dose glucocorticoid treatment, and anti-CD20 therapy were independent variables associated with pneumonia based on data from 958 MS patients with a history of covid-19. Further, we analyzed...
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The impact of vaccinations on the development of Covid-19 pandemic
Kulhánek, Vít ; Kalabiška, Roman (advisor) ; Bauer, Michal (referee)
This thesis aims to examine the e ect of vaccination on the development of the Covid-19 pandemic. The three key variables are used as dependent vari- ables: the number of new cases, new deaths, and hospitalization. The dataset containing numerous countries and capturing periods from 2020 to 2022 was obtained, therefore a panel data estimator was employed. Moreover, the Czech Republic and Israel were selected for deeper investigation, and their data were filtered from the dataset. The data structure changed from panel data to time series, so OLS regression was selected as an appropriate method. In all mod- els, vaccination variables and also several others were included in lags because a time gap is necessary to increase individuals' immunity in the case of the vaccine. Last but not least, the excess deaths analysis is created and focuses on investigating excess deaths caused primarily or secondarily by the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it predicts the amount of money not paid in the form of pensions till 2030 for the elderly who are included in the excess deaths. Fi- nally, it compares this amount of money with the expenditures associated with vaccine purchases. JEL Classification C01, C23, I10, I31 Keywords Covid-19, vaccination, panel data, time series data Title The Impact of Vaccinations on the...
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Výskyt Eboly v Africe v letech 2016–2021 a vliv rizikového chování místních obyvatel na šíření původce onemocnění
Horák, Filip
Bachelor thesis provides fundamental informations about the causative agent which includes symptoms, transmission, diagnostics, treatment, prevention and impacts. Theoretic part also contains characteristics of Ebola virus epidemics since its discovery in 1976 until the end of West African epidemic in 2016. The focus of the first segment in the practical part is progress and analysis of epidemics caused by Ebola virus in years 2016–2021 in Africa. This segment also contains informations about financing and about vaccination strategy. Second segment of practical part analyzes survey realized in three african countries (Ghana, South Africa and Nigeria). Survey analyzes awarness, impacts and risky behavior of african citizens due to illnes caused by the Ebola virus.
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Epidemické modely s vakcinací a behaviorálními změnami
LUNGA, Petr
Compartmental models used in mathematical epidemiology were studied in order to learn about basic principles of those models and to create new ones. First two chapters are about basic SIR model, it's history and analysis. Next chapters then contain models with behavioral changes and vaccination. Models were illustrated by simulations created in the software AnyLogic.
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Interaction of the human pathogen Bordetella pertussis with blood serum
Štipl, Daniel ; Večerek, Branislav (advisor) ; Kamanová, Jana (referee)
Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative strictly human pathogen and the major causative agent of whooping cough or pertussis. The incidence of this highly contagious respiratory disease in developed countries has increased in the last decades. One of the less characterized virulence factors of B. pertussis is the type three secretion system (TTSS) which is responsible for the secretion of the effector proteins into host eukaryotic cells. This diploma thesis sheds light onto factors influencing TTSS in vitro activity. Although TTSS of laboratory strain Tohama I was induced by biologically active compounds present in blood (e. g. complement proteins), TTSS of recent clinical isolate B1917 seems to be induced permanently. Furthermore, BB0302 encoding a GntR family transcription regulator in B. bronchiseptica RB50 (homologous to BP0209 of Tohama I) was studied, however, the deletion of this gene did not affect the TTSS functionality. Serum resistance is a factor that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of B pertussis. We show that Czech recent isolates (2008-2015) are significantly more resistant to serum killing in vitro than the original vaccine strains (1954-1965). This phenomenon seems to result from the adaptation of global B. pertussis population to its human host. In addition, this diploma...
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Epstein - Barr Virus
Štorkánová, Lenka ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Epstein-Barr virus Bachelor thesis summarizes the findings of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), its general characteristics, transmission and spread of the virus, symptoms of disease and subsequent therapy and recovery. More specifically, it focuses on infectious mononucleosis, as well as more generally to other diseases, which the Epstein-Barr virus causes. It includes details of the vaccine against EB virus. There are the statistics on the incidence of infectious mononucleosis.
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Factors underlying parental decisions about childood vaccination
Kočišová, Eva ; Podaná, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hamplová, Dana (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the issue of mothers' decision-making in relation to their child's vaccination against pneumococcal infections. An on-line survey of mothers was conducted (n = 180) in order to obtain data for the theoretical model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A hierarchical logistic regression was then performed in order to analyze the model with the intention to vaccinate as the dependent variable. The results of the regression analyses were supplemented by results of correlation analyses and non-parametric tests. The theory proved itself as a strong predictive instrument and the results suggest that the attitude is the main predictor of the decision in this non-representative sample of mothers. The subjective norm, as the second construct of the TPB, contributes only in certain case and the perceived behavioral control was not found influential at all. The perception of thread of contraindications of the vaccine proves also influential next to the attitude. The beliefs that mothers hold about the vaccine were analyzed according to mothers intentions to vaccinate (n = 70) or not to (n = 110). These results support the idea that mothers, especially those who do not want to vaccinate their children against pneumococcal infections, decide particularly according to...
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