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The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou
Pivoda, Tomáš ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee) ; Pechar, Jiří (referee)
Tomáš Pivoda, The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou PhD thesis Abstract The thesis introduces for the first time in the Czech philosophical context the ontology of the French philosopher Alain Badiou, as he set it out in his fundamental work Being and Event (L'être et l'événement, 1988). It first presents the starting point of Badiou's philosophy as well as the reasons of his identification of ontology with the set theory, and it points out Badiou's importance for contemporary philosophy, especially for the so called speculative realism around Quentin Meillassoux. The main axis of the exposition is then built around Badiou's four fundamental "Ideas": the multiplicity, the event, the truths and the subject, in connection with which it is shown how Badiou constructs his conceptual apparatus out of individual axioms of the set theory, whereby he follows the basic formal definition of multiplicity based on the operator . In connection with∈ the first Idea of multiplicity, the thesis exposes - with references to Martin Heidegger and Plato - Badiou's conceptual transposition of the couple one/multiple on the couple existence/being and defines the fundamental concepts of his ontology - the situation, the presentation, the representation and the void, with the help of which Badiou interprets...
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Cultural dimension of language
Macek, Michal ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Půtová, Barbora (referee)
This paper is about the relation between language, thought and culture. Main issue is the way how language acts as the basis for culture which is seen as a complex of symbols and meanings. Language is described as a system of signs whose usage influences the structure of people's thought and also the interpretations of the reality by means of culture. The question of the origin of language is examined in the paper as well as other issues connected with the study of language and culture. Among these the principal of linguistic relativity (Sapir-Whorf hypothesis) is the most important one, further the issue of the relation between linguistic changes and cultural changes and the issue of acquiring language and culture during the process of socialization are discussed. The relation between language, thought and culture is studied by means of interdisciplinary perspective with use of philosophical, semiotic, linguistic and especially anthropological texts. Key words: language, thought, culture, sign, symbol, principal of linguistic relativity, Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, linguistic anthropology, symbolic anthropology, semiotics
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Felis versus Felix - Symbolic and narative content (of Cat) in Art and Art education
Pikorová, Karolína ; Velíšek, Martin (advisor) ; Raudenský, Martin (referee)
The theme of this diploma thesis is Felis versus Felix - symbolical and narrative content within art and arts education. This thesis is both theoretical and practical study of the topic. Theoretical part is concerned with understanding key words, their meaning, cat itself, its symbolic, history, properties, and connotations connected to it. The author of the thesis maps the occurrence of cat in art and literature, which she supports by specific examples. She further offers using the theme of the thesis in arts education and introduces already existing art set called "Animal within us". The author proposes another possibilities of using the theme within pedagogical practise. Practical part of the thesis stems from results of heuristic preparation. It contains two sets of art works of various but interconnected nature.
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From Descates' Mind to Kant's Reason
Dekastello, Petr ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The basic subject-matter of my research is R. Descartes' Meditations On First Philosophy and I examine the term intellect and its position within the mind and its relation to thought. My work includes a study of sensation and imagination which provide the intellect with "material" to judge. The objective of my thesis is to demonstrate the role the intellect plays in terms of reason and to present an interpretation of the way in which the mind is designated in relation to reason according to Rene Descartes in his writing and in his responses to objections. The position and functions of the intellect are understood as a logical structure of mutual dependence and as the elements essential for the understanding of the human soul substance. At the end of my thesis I demonstrate that the system of reason of R. Descartes might be considered as the basis for the transcendental conception of reason in Kant's philosophy, which leads to an idealistic world conception and is founded on thinking a priori. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Speech and thought development as part of reader preliteracy
Němcová, Nikola ; Ronková, Jolana (advisor) ; Laufková, Veronika (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the issues of thought and speech development in the area of reading preliteracy of preschool children. The thesis is divided into theoretical and empirical parts. The theoretical part is devoted to the issues of reading preliteracy, thought and speech development in the area of reading preliteracy, drawing attention to the risk of developing specific learning disabilities and discusses the impact of pre-school institutions on children. The empirical part is compiled based on this knowledge. The aim of the empirical part is to map the level of reading preliteracy in children aged 5 - 6 in Humpolec. Specific research questions investigate the preliteracy teaching skills of kindergarten teachers, as well as the way how teachers develop these reading skills and a range of tests for the subsequent evalution of reading preliteracy levels of children. The empirical part of the thesis combines two methods of data acquisition, questionnaire surveys and observation of children during the performance of tasks in the tests. There was a relatively good level of reading preliteracy among children aged 5 - 6, but with large individual differences among children. KEYWORDS children of preschool age, reader preliteracy, thought, speech, vocabulary, memory, attention
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Word, speech and language. Interdisciplinary field of theology and neuroscience.
Tomášek, Martin ; Vogel, Jiří (advisor) ; Vik, Dalibor (referee)
74 Abstract Logos is the multi-meaning term accompanying philosophy from the earliest authors. In general, the term logos has historically had two main groups of meanings. The first group concerns speech (word, speech, sentence…) and the second group of meanings concerns reason (thought, reason, mind, thinking…). In philosophical-theological thinking the second group passes into the idea of reason transcending man - "divine" or "world reason". The theoretical basis of the duality of both speech and reason was postulated by analytical philosophy. As Humboldt was already convinced, thinking was always associated with language, speech was an organ of creating thoughts. Pneumatological philosopher Ebner says: man is by nature "the Spirit who posseses the word," "there is no reason without the Word," and "reason is speech, logos". Within the philosophy of language Wittgenstein argues: "the boundaries of my language create the boundaries of my world," and "a sentence is an image of reality". Fodor's linguistic works on the inner language of thought ("Mentalese") and especially Chomsky's theory of the existence of a structure for "universal grammar" in the human brain provide preconditions for the search of such a structure. Neuroscientific research confirms these assumptions. Structures specialized for speech...
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The development of functional pupils thinking at secondary school.
NOVÁKOVÁ, Šárka
The main aim of the thesis is creation of working sheets, including user manuals and test working sheets in the schooling. These working sheets contain the tasks for the development of functional thinking in the second grade of primary school. The diploma thesis contains theory of functional thinking, created working sheets, which I created on the basic of inspiration from textbooks for the second grade of primary school, the course of verification working sheets in the classroom and results.
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Felis versus Felix - Symbolic and narative content (of Cat) in Art and Art education
Pikorová, Karolína ; Velíšek, Martin (advisor) ; Raudenský, Martin (referee)
The theme of this diploma thesis is Felis versus Felix - symbolical and narrative content within art and arts education. This thesis is both theoretical and practical study of the topic. Theoretical part is concerned with understanding key words, their meaning, cat itself, its symbolic, history, properties, and connotations connected to it. The author of the thesis maps the occurrence of cat in art and literature, which she supports by specific examples. She further offers using the theme of the thesis in arts education and introduces already existing art set called "Animal within us". The author proposes another possibilities of using the theme within pedagogical practise. Practical part of the thesis stems from results of heuristic preparation. It contains two sets of art works of various but interconnected nature.
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From Descates' Mind to Kant's Reason
Dekastello, Petr ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The basic subject-matter of my research is R. Descartes' Meditations On First Philosophy and I examine the term intellect and its position within the mind and its relation to thought. My work includes a study of sensation and imagination which provide the intellect with "material" to judge. The objective of my thesis is to demonstrate the role the intellect plays in terms of reason and to present an interpretation of the way in which the mind is designated in relation to reason according to Rene Descartes in his writing and in his responses to objections. The position and functions of the intellect are understood as a logical structure of mutual dependence and as the elements essential for the understanding of the human soul substance. At the end of my thesis I demonstrate that the system of reason of R. Descartes might be considered as the basis for the transcendental conception of reason in Kant's philosophy, which leads to an idealistic world conception and is founded on thinking a priori. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Self-Consciousness and Self-Knowledge. A Study on the Role of the Subject and the Awareness of Thought in Descartes' Philosophy
Kollert, Lukáš ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The thesis aims at examining Descartes's so called cogito from a wider perspective, especially as regards to the role in the development of Meditationes de prima philosophia (1641) and in the context of other relevant texts. Being an attempt to give a broad account of Descartes's "first cognition" the study deals not only with the cogito itself, e.g. with its logical structure, but also with other key Cartesian doctrines, so that we can understand the cogito as an integral part of Descartes's philosophy. The thesis inquires for this reason into the question of meditator's identity, the methodological skepticism, the question whether logical principles are called into question in the First meditation, the problem of the Cartesian circle, the distinction between implicit and explicit knowledge, the doctrine of innate ideas and finally, the question how to explain, according to Descartes, the awareness of our thoughts. Sometimes the considerations become rather systematic and go beyond a mere exegesis of Descartes's philosophy, especially when they concern the problem with the presence of ego in cogito and the explanation of our self-consciousness. There are three competing approaches to the second issue mentioned that are introduced and assessed in the last chapter. I have chosen this way of...
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