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Computational thinking of socially disadvantaged pupils in ICILS data
KLOKOČKA, Matěj
This paper focuses on the analysis of data from the ICILS international comparative survey. The key objectives of my work were to divide the students in this research into two groups according to their social background and then to determine whether there are differences in computational thinking between these groups. Furthermore, I sought to determine whether these differences persisted within the different components of computational thinking. Approximately 46,000 students and 26,000 teachers from 13 countries participated in the ICILS 2018 research. The identification of pupils into groups was based on the variable of socio-economic background, which was calculated by the authors of the ICILS research from the questionnaire that was part of it. The research population was split so that the socially disadvantaged group represented the 5 % of pupils with the lowest socio-economic background index value. The first group was named "Socially Disadvantaged Pupils" for this paper and are referred to in the research as index "1". The second group is named "Other pupils" and they are denoted by the index "0". Statistical methods appropriate to the structure and scale of the data are used in the analysis, and weights have been applied to adequately balance the samples. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to statistically support differences between groups. To achieve these objectives, the following analytical tools were used: MS Excel for data visualization, IBM SPSS Statistics for statistical testing and manipulation of data sets, and IEA IDB Analyzer for comprehensive data analysis with respect to their original weights. The results of the analysis show that socially disadvantaged students scored lower than others in the area of computational thinking. This observation was statistically supported. During the research, groups of questions were identified that corresponded to two components of computational thinking. Subsequently, comparisons were made between the scores of socially disadvantaged and other students on these groups of questions. The results showed that on average, socially disadvantaged pupils scored worse than other pupils in each group of questions, which was also statistically supported. This finding highlights the need for specific educational interventions and strategies aimed at supporting these pupils. The results of this work offer valuable information for further research in the area of digital literacy.
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Factors affecting prevalence of physical fuctional limitation among European population
Hrabcová, Tereza ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Hrkal, Jakub (referee)
Factors affecting prevalence of physical fuctional limitation among European population Abstract Walking difficulties have a major impact on everyday life. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis was to find factors that influence the prevalence of walking limitations. It also dealt with the impact of walking limitations on quality of life and how the prevalence of these health problems varies across European populations. binary logistic regression, which was the main statistical method, involved respondents aged 25 years and older who participated in the EHIS study in 2019. All sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health factors examined appeared to be risk factors, except neck disorders, which became protective in the final model. No significant differences were found between the genders. It was also found that the most risky factors that influenced quality of life analyzed using self-rated health assessment and the appereance of depressive symptoms were confirmed walking limitations, together with pain and depressive symptoms. Based on age-standardized prevalence rates of walking limitations and healthy life years without walking limitations, Europe was found to be polarized into Western and Eastern countries, with populations in Eastern countries burdened by walking difficulties significantly more than...
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Social inequalities in stroke prevalence in Europe
Šimka, Vojtěch ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Bruthans, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyses the relationship between the prevalence of stroke and the level of education in European countries. The aim of the thesis is to identify the factors that influence this relationship using data obtained from the EHIS study. The thesis focuses on the analysis of social inequalities in stroke prevalence in Europe. The results of the analysis confirm the existence of significant social inequalities in the prevalence of this disease in some European countries. Factors contributing to a higher chance of stroke in individuals with lower socioeconomic status have been identified. On the basis of these results, recommendations for governments of countries with a high prevalence of social inequalities are formulated in the final chapter of the thesis. These recommendations relate to access to health care, including stroke prevention and treatment, and aim to reduce social inequalities in this area.
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Family change and its impact on the health of children in the Czech Republic
Štípková, Martina ; Kreidl, Martin (advisor) ; Sobotka, Tomáš (referee) ; Zeman, Kryštof (referee)
The thesis focuses on the patterns of nonmarital childbearing and its influence on the health of newborns in the Czech Republic between 1990 and 2010. Numerous and profound social changes took part in these two decades after the fall of state socialism. Socioeconomic inequalities grew, a competitive job market was introduced and social policy was reformed. Family behaviour changed, as well. A more than four-fold rise of the proportion of children born outside marriage was among the most remarkable changes in this regard. Two research questions were addressed: 1. how did unmarried motherhood and its socioeconomic background change; 2. how did these changes influence disparities in the health of newborns by family arrangement. Data from the birth register are used for answering these questions and analysed with multilevel regression models. The method was aimed at explaining variability between contexts defined by time and space. Health of newborns is measured by birth weight. Family arrangement of mothers is measured with their marital status. Unmarried mothers are further split by the presence of a partner measured with the mother's willingness to declare child's father. The results show that birth outcomes on nonmarital children improved and marital status gap in birth weight closed substantially in the...
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Social construction of inequalities in an access to higher education and admission exams
Rossová, Iveta ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (referee)
The thesis deals with the construction of inequalities in the access to the tertiary education with the special emphasis on entrance exams to the universities. The aim is to explore how the entrance exams as the gate to the universities are perceived by students - the actors who are the most affected by these inequalities in education, according to relevant research of these inequalities. The thesis studies how these actors perceive their position and situation within the entrance process, what situations (if any) are constructed as unequal by these actors, who is affected by such inequalities and how does he/she copes with them. The research question is seen from the perspective of interactionist constructivism and answered by applying methods of grounded theory and semi-structured in-depth interviews.
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Clothes Make the Man: Dress as a Medium of Meanings
Märzová, Hana ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (advisor) ; Volek, Martin (referee)
In this thesis the meanings given by students to dress are examined. Then, these meanings are compared to those discussed in sociological literature dealing with dress and fashion. Dress is not only a protection of body against unpleasant weather but also a medium for meanings related to the wearer of the dress. Through a dress it is possible to express social status, social role, hobbies, opinions, membership in various groups and also lifestyle. Clothing and fashion are strongly associated with young people because the fashion is made for them and they contribute to its creation. For adolescents dress is a matter of particular importance because it enables them not only to express, but also to build their identity and thus reach adulthood. Dress has also an important role in our relations to other people. The analysis of interviews with students resulted in the finding that meanings given to dress by students are similar to those discussed in sociological literature. For interviewed students it is important to have a freedom to wear, what they want, because it enables them to be themselves. The findings from interviews rather contradict Simmel's assumption because a fashion is considered by interviewed students as uniform, while originality is located outside the fashion. Those students also...
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Children's perception of poverty and wealth in the context of media representations
Mňuková, Dominika ; Soukup, Martin (advisor) ; Reifová, Irena (referee)
This thesis explores how children perceive extreme manifestations of social inequalities - poverty and wealth, and what role do media and media representations play in this process. Based on the literature, it is focusing on media construction of reality, media representations, and social inequalities in general, at the same time it deals with poverty and wealth in the context of perception and media representations, and it also explores the relationship between children and media. Furthermore, by analyzing the results of interviews with children the thesis directly examines how they perceive poverty and wealth and what role do media play in this process. The main finding concerning the social inequalities is that most children perceive them as legitimate and to justify them they use the method of naturalization or/and romanticization of poverty. The main finding concerning the media influence is that media affect children subconsciously and that their thoughts and attitudes to poverty and wealth correspond with media representations of the same in the media production for children.
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Football and social modernization
Hanuš, Karel ; Duffková, Jana (advisor) ; Vinopal, Jiří (referee)
(English) This work deals with transformation of football (soccer) in process of social modernization and partially to influences of football on the modernization. A goal of this work is comprehension of basic dynamics of modern football which assumes combination of theoretical and historical approach. A core of the analysis (exploiting plurality of theoretical approaches) is aimed at situation in Europe (and particularly in England) which was crucial for general development. However, non-European regions are not neglected. Af first is the work focused on characterization of premodern team ball games from which later resulted modern football. Analytical framework comprises relation of football to four modernization trends and its selected displays: rationalization of society (creation of a formal rules, institutionalization of football and development of tactic), market generalization and expansion of economic system (commercialization of football including mass mediums), professionalization of players and particularities of football in state socialist countries), transformations of social bonds, identity and increase of nation states (nationalism and clubism) and displays of selected social inequalities in football and efforts to its change (class inequalities, global inequalities and gendered...
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