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Savci jako škůdci na ovocných dřevinách a v sadech
Benešová, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis deals with the negative impact of wild mammals on fruit trees and orchards. The main aim is to find out which mammal species are harmful to fruit trees and what types of damage they cause. Based on the literature, it is then possible to derive solutions to effectively protect against this damage. In addition, a questionnaire survey can also be used to address the problem. Damage to fruit trees is most common from rodents (Rodentia), even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla) and hares (Lagomorpha). Several important factors influence the impact of these mammals on fruit trees. Rodents cause the most damage at times of peak abundance, so regular monitoring is needed. Currently, there is a growing interest in biological control of mammals, where no chemical products are used. However, due to its immediate result and ease of application, chemical control still prevails.
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New strategies in pharmacotherapy and prevention of migraine
Kovaříková, Gabriela ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokřál, Ivan (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Gabriela Kovaříková Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: New strategies for the treatment and prevention of migraine Abstract: Migraine is a severe neurological disease, which has many subtypes. Migraine affects patient's physical and mental well-being and also work and family relationships. Migraine manifests as characteristic pain accompanied by vomiting and nausea or other symptoms. The first part of this paper deals with the current knowledge on pathophysiology of migraine, factors which affect migraine, degree of heritability, and specifics of chronic migraine. Diagnosis of migraine is also included and that based on MIDAS questionnaire are addressed in the diploma thesis. The second part is devoted to the therapy of acute attacks and prophylaxis of migraine, describes drugs used in these indications, characterizes them in more detail and lists their limitations. This section also outlines new pathophysiological findings and molecules that may receive future attention. New biological therapies and progress in terms of monoclonal antibody registration are also described. Nonpharmacological strategies for migraine treatment are mentioned as well. In addition, the...
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Nurse's role in surgical site infection prevention in orthopedics
STRNADOVÁ, Iveta
My thesis is devoted to setting of boundaries for nurse's role in surgical site infection prevention in orthopedics. Surgical site infection is current subject in surgery. Description of historical evolution, characteristics and infection selection in theoretical part of thesis is based on actuality and numerous occurrences of infections. Risk factors leading to SSI were also described and we targeted them more specifically on presence in pre surgical, inter surgical and past surgical period. Description of the origin, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and consequences of SSI was also made for setting the point and completion of this problematics. Nurse's role in preventive measures is mentioned in special part in theoretical part of thesis. More specifically it is nurses role in pre surgical, inter surgical and post surgical period related to growth of SSI. Objective of research part was to chart nurse's role in SSI. Our intentions were specifically on activities in pre surgical and post surgical period. The empirical part of the diploma thesis took place through a qualitative research survey. The technique of the work was a semi structured interview with nurses working in wards dealing with patients with surgical site infections. Thirty two nurses from hospitals in Liberec and South Bohemian regions were taking part in interview. All of interviews were realized in February and March 2021. Results were all recorded on audio recorders and recordings were then rewritten and processed with paper pen technique. During the qualitative investigation, it was found that all nurses meet in their practice with patients suffering from, among other things, surgical site infections. With these patients, nurses perform preventive activities mainly in pre surgical and post surgical period. In their preventive activities, nurses are using available resources, habits of their department and knowledge that they have at place of surgical site infections. Meanwhile there is somewhat unity in ATB prophylaxis, in the area of preoperative preparation recommendations may vary, or are sometimes missing. This fact is then also reflected in clinical practice. Nurses are following rules of barrier nursing care and also they know and use modern trends in wound care. The nurses also demonstrated their knowledge in the field of monitoring the development of infections at the site of surgery in the postoperative period. The empirical investigation of the thesis tells us that nurses meet patients suffering from, among other things, with surgical site infections while providing nursing care. They know basic activities used to prevent it's spreading especially in preoperative and postoperative period which they apply in their clinical practice.
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Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk
UHLÍKOVÁ, Tereza
Mycotoxins, as secondary products of fungi, can contaminate feeds and enter the milk through the metabolic pathway in the cow's body. The most studied mycotoxin associated with milk contamination is aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). The review focuses on the identification of different types of mycotoxins and their transfer to milk, and attention is paid to a summary of the results of monitoring aflatoxins in milk and the negative effects of mycotoxins on health and the possibility of mycotoxins determination. The practical part of the thesis consists of two subchapters, namely monitoring AFM1 in raw milk of cows, sheep and goats in the years 2006-2020 from the data of the State Veterinary Administration of the Czech Republic, where the factor of the observed period and type of milk was evaluated for AFM1 content in raw milk. The second part interprets the results of AFM1 monitoring in purchased raw cow's milk delivered to the dairy factory.
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Babybox as a part of our society: Opinions of parents in Pelhřimov region on a postponing of a nearly two-year-old child to a babybox in Pelhřimov Hospital.
HONZOVÁ, Alena
This thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, I focused on the basic theory of babyboxes, their history, location, usability and the rationale behind putting unwanted children into babyboxes. Foster care and adoption are also looked at. In the conclusion of the theoretical part I discuss possible preventive measures and some ethical issues related to this topic. For the practical part I have used qualitative research. I asked questions of five pre-selected interviewees from the Pelhřimov region concerning their opinion on babyboxes and babyboxes located in Pelhřimov Hospital. I held a semi-structured interview with Mr. Ludwig Hess. He is the founder of babyboxes in the Czech Republic. He provided an opinion of one that was used on a boy of nearly two years of age at Pelhřimov Hospital. The aim of this thesis is to find out the opinions of selected interviewees about babyboxes and the motivation behind their use on a two-year-old child. I compare the obtained data with my opinion and with the opinion of Mr. Ludwig Hess.
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The most common issues of sprint kayaker's locomotive system with possibilities of their prevention and therapy in training process
Krpatová, Jana ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Title: The most common issues of sprint kayaker's locomotive system with possibilities of their prevention and therapy in training process Objectives: The main goal of the thesis was analyze the most frequent issues of musculoskeletal system of professional sprint male and female kayakers in Czech Republic. Next goal was to find out possibilities and uses of preventive measures to minimalize these difficulties. The last part of the research was to explore what role is physiotherapy playing in training program of czech male and female kayakers. Methods: The method of literary research of czech and foreign researches was used for theoretical part of the thesis. A non-standardized questionnaire was created to gain data from professional czech male and female kayakers. The research was designed retrospectively. The final data was found by using analytical tools, from which we evaluated the conclusions. Results: 61 professional male and female sprint kayakers of junior and senior categories took part in the research. The results showed that during the professional career amount of 62 % of athletes suffered from pain of musculoskeletal system. The most affected was shoulder girdle (35 %), than lumbar spine (23 %) and thoracic spine (12 %). 97 % of respondents stated that they have some of the preventive...
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Strategy oriented to support positive behavior at lower secondary school
Norková, Šárka ; Kubíčková, Anna (advisor) ; Štrinclová, Marta (referee)
The bachelor thesis Strategies oriented to support positive behavior at lower secondary school aims to present strategies that these schools use to prevent problem behavior. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the psychosocial development of an individual in the period of early adolescence, the concepts of problem behavior, class climate and the PBIS system. The research sample was created by eight respondents who teach at lower secondary school. Four respondents started implementing some elements of the PBIS system in year 2020/2021. Data for the research were collected by interviews in spring 2021 using Microsoft Teams. In our research we focused on preventive precaution and rulemaking. We found that the most common forms of preventive precaution are training course, classroom hours and correctly set rules. We found that rules have an important place in preventing problem behaviors and that all schools used strategies to support positive behavior. The research helped us to fulfil the goal. KEYWORDS problematic behavior, Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports, preventive precaution, adolescence
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