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Vliv receptury a délky zrání na obsah polyaminů ve zrajících sýrech
Kolková, Andrea
The theoretical part of my thesis was focused on the characteristics of polyamines, their synthesis, degradation and effect in the organism. The practical part was involved on determining the content of polyamines (putrescine, spermine and spermidine) in ripening cheese without addition and with the addition of laccase. The high-performance liquid chromatography method was used for the analysis. Quantitatively, the most significant polyamine in all tested cheese variants was spermine (laccase in cheese grains 16.6 mg/kg > control 15.5 mg/kg > surface laccase 14.8 mg/kg; p < 0.05). Spermidine content was in the range (surface laccase 8.8 mg/kg > laccase in cheese grains 2.9 mg/kg > control 2.4 mg/kg; p < 0.05). Putrescine was detected only in low precipitation (laccase in cheese grains 2.1 mg/kg > control 1.3 mg/kg > laccase in surface 0.7 mg/kg; p < 0.05). During storage (X; weeks), the total PA content (Y; mg/kg) in the control cheese sample without the addition of laccase increased according to the equations: y = 256.93 + 207.38x (R² = 0.8955; p = 0.0021 ), the amount of PA in the sample of cheese with laccase in the cheese grains also increased linearly according to equation: y = 196.05 + 228.22x (R² = 0.8226; p = 0.0024). The total PA content in the cheese sample with laccase on the surface increased up to 4 weeks and then decreased according to the equation: y = 629.1 + 621.45x - 59.539x2 (R² = 0.8984; p = 0.0163). The effect of laccase on the degradation of amines described in the literature has not been proven. However, this is a pilot experiment that investigates the effect of laccase on the content of polyamines in ripening cheeses. For a better understanding of this problematics, will be needed more extensive research.
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Selective protection of pentaerythrityltetraamine
Mangl, Ondřej ; Hermann, Petr (advisor) ; Kotek, Jan (referee)
Selective protection of functional groups is a commonly used method which is used in multistep synthesis. Pentaerythrityltetraamine (PEA) is substance with four amino groups and substances with one to three selectively protected amino groups were prepared. Protections by t-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) which is stable under neutral and basic conditions and can be deprotected in the acidic conditions, and with benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) which is stable under acidic and basic conditions and can be eliminated by hydrogenation was tested. Separation and purification of the protected amines was done by chromatography. Selectively protected PEA can be also prepared by indirect path by stepwise reduction of pentaerythrityltetraazide. Pentaerythritylmonoamine-triazide is prepared two-phase reduction and the amino group of the monoamine is protected with Boc or Cbz.
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Studies of intercellular interactions in tumours
Jechová, Alžběta ; Smetana, Karel (advisor) ; Skalníková, Helena (referee) ; Masařík, Michal (referee)
Beside tumor cells themselves, tumors consist of many non-malignantly transformed cellular elements and an extracellular matrix. This so-called tumor microenvironment, or stroma, significantly influences the biological properties of the tumor through intercellular interactions. In this thesis I have focused on the study of tumor-associated fibroblasts in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, malignant melanoma and glioblastoma. The data show the presence of cells with mesenchymal characteristics, present even in the glioblastoma stroma, which could potentially have a positive effect on proliferative activity and invasiveness of glioblastoma cells. In malignant melanoma, the presence of keratinocytes should also be considered, as they are the major cells of the epidermis influencing tumor melanocytes. The conditioned medium from UVB irradiated keratinocytes and non-irradiated fibroblasts stimulates the invasion of malignant melanoma cells. Targeting the tumor stroma may be a new direction in oncological therapy, so we have focused on the influence of synthetic polyamine on the formation of myofibroblasts, which are an active part of the population of tumor-associated fibroblasts. The tested polyamine prevents the formation of myofibroblasts but has no effect on those already formed nor on...
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Thorium as an environment stressor for plant growth.
Hrdinová, Aneta ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
Thorium is an element belonging to heavy metals, which is characterized by its radioactivity similarly to uranium and radon. Thorium is not commonly used in industry, but becouse of its radioactive properties it has a great potentional for future use in nuclear energetics. Thus, increasing release of Th into the soil, water and atmosphere can be expected in near future and through plant biomass it could become a part of food chains and webs and, thus, to represent a considerable health risks to humans. Studies devoted to research on thorium and its effects on plants has not been published much yet. The majority of these studies focus mainly only on plant abilities to accumulate thorium and/or monitoring distribution of thorium in plant body. But till now, a study is still missing, which would monitor the effect of thorium on the physiological characteristics of plants. Plants of Nicotiana glutinosa (L.) medium Thorium accumulatin were hydroponically cultivated Hoagland nutrient media differedin the presence of thorium, tartaric acid, putrescine and phosphates. In first part of the present study I monitored accumulation of thorium by tobacco plants under the influence of the above-mentioned modifications of media. In the second part, I studied the Th effect on the photosynthetic apparatus (contents...
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Thorium accumulation and study of stress responces of plants on thorium presence
Kufner, Daniel ; Soudek, Petr (advisor) ; Petrová, Šárka (referee)
The ability of the accumulation of thorium and study of the stress responses on his presence was tested on a selected cultivar of tobacco, La Burley 21. Plants were cultivated in Hoagland's hydroponic medium under artificial light. Except to the ability of accumulation and distribution of thorium in the all parts of plant was investigated the effect of selected organic and inorganic additions on accumulation. Among organic substances included citric acid, tartaric and oxalic acid in their presence was observed the increase of thorium in all parts of the plant. Were also tested products from the diamine and polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermine and spermidin). These substances, also known for their antioxidant activity in plants, had an impact on reducing the accumulation of thorium, especially in the root system of plants. The most important factor influencing the accumulation of thorium was the absence of phosphate ions in a hydroponic medium, which caused the rise of the concentration of thorium about several levels in all parts of the plants. The initial decrease of pH after additions of organic acids or addition of high concentrations of thorium and the gradual increase of pH during cultivation had proved significant. It was also compared the uptake of accumulation and distribution of...
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Intercellular interactions in skin tumors.
Kučera, Jan ; Smetana, Karel (advisor) ; Masařík, Michal (referee) ; Kovář, Marek (referee)
The dissertation is focused on the study of intercellular interactions in skin tumors. It is based on 5 original publications that cover several topics. We studied the origin of tumor-associated fibroblasts concerning the primary tumor population. We demonstrated using a mouse model that tumor-associated fibroblasts are produced from the host organism and thus did not arise from transformation directly from tumor cells. We also investigated the relationship between tumor-associated fibroblasts and keratinocytes. We have shown that tumor-associated melanoma fibroblasts affect keratinocytes which, under their influence, acquire the features typically observed in migrating cells and cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We studied the interactions between healthy fibroblasts and tumor cells. We have demonstrated that fibroblasts acquired from healthy skin from a patient suffering from melanoma are significantly different from control fibroblasts of healthy donors in the expression profile. Changes in distal fibroblasts support the view of melanoma as a systemic disease. We have further demonstrated that melanoma-associated fibroblasts do not carry a BRAF mutation, in contrast to BRAF positivity of melanoma cells. And therefore, they did not arise from the transition from melanoma. The...
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Intercellular interactions in skin tumors.
Kučera, Jan ; Smetana, Karel (advisor) ; Masařík, Michal (referee) ; Kovář, Marek (referee)
The dissertation is focused on the study of intercellular interactions in skin tumors. It is based on 5 original publications that cover several topics. We studied the origin of tumor-associated fibroblasts concerning the primary tumor population. We demonstrated using a mouse model that tumor-associated fibroblasts are produced from the host organism and thus did not arise from transformation directly from tumor cells. We also investigated the relationship between tumor-associated fibroblasts and keratinocytes. We have shown that tumor-associated melanoma fibroblasts affect keratinocytes which, under their influence, acquire the features typically observed in migrating cells and cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We studied the interactions between healthy fibroblasts and tumor cells. We have demonstrated that fibroblasts acquired from healthy skin from a patient suffering from melanoma are significantly different from control fibroblasts of healthy donors in the expression profile. Changes in distal fibroblasts support the view of melanoma as a systemic disease. We have further demonstrated that melanoma-associated fibroblasts do not carry a BRAF mutation, in contrast to BRAF positivity of melanoma cells. And therefore, they did not arise from the transition from melanoma. The...
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Studies of intercellular interactions in tumours
Jechová, Alžběta ; Smetana, Karel (advisor) ; Skalníková, Helena (referee) ; Masařík, Michal (referee)
Beside tumor cells themselves, tumors consist of many non-malignantly transformed cellular elements and an extracellular matrix. This so-called tumor microenvironment, or stroma, significantly influences the biological properties of the tumor through intercellular interactions. In this thesis I have focused on the study of tumor-associated fibroblasts in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, malignant melanoma and glioblastoma. The data show the presence of cells with mesenchymal characteristics, present even in the glioblastoma stroma, which could potentially have a positive effect on proliferative activity and invasiveness of glioblastoma cells. In malignant melanoma, the presence of keratinocytes should also be considered, as they are the major cells of the epidermis influencing tumor melanocytes. The conditioned medium from UVB irradiated keratinocytes and non-irradiated fibroblasts stimulates the invasion of malignant melanoma cells. Targeting the tumor stroma may be a new direction in oncological therapy, so we have focused on the influence of synthetic polyamine on the formation of myofibroblasts, which are an active part of the population of tumor-associated fibroblasts. The tested polyamine prevents the formation of myofibroblasts but has no effect on those already formed nor on...
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The influence of culinary processing on content of biogenic amines and polyamine in selected edible mushrooms.
WOLFOVÁ, Pavla
The intention of this dissertation was an assessment of biogenic amines (BA) and polyamines (PA) by the usage of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in the concrete histamine (HIM), tyramine (TYM), 2-phenyl ethylamine (PEA), tryptamine (TRM), spermine (SPM), spermidine (SPD) and putrescine (PUT) in Velvet Bolete ( Suillus variegatus, (Sw.) Kuntze) and Bay Bolete ( Boletus badius, Fr.). The dissertation was focused on the influence of kitchen treatments by the method of pasteurization, freezing and subsequent storage of treated mushrooms on the content of biogenic amines and polyamines. Pasteurized samples were analysed immediately after adjustment on day 0 and then after three, six, nine and twelve months after storage in the dark place at 22 °C. The highest concentration in the pasteurized Velvet Bolete sample was observed in putrescine (1079 mg/kg). In the process of the experiment, this one and other biogenic amines levels decreased, except for tyramine, which showed a slight increase. The highest concentration in pasteurized Bay Bolete sample was also observed in putrescine (768 mg/kg) which, together with other biogenic amines levels, decreased. The frozen samples were stored at -16 °C and samples were taken every third, sixth, ninth and dozenth month. Changes in the concentration of biogenic amines and polyamines in the frozen sample of Velvet Bolete were identical with changes during pasteurization. Changes in the concentration of biogenic amines and polyamines in frozen sample of Bay Bolete were different from the pasteurized sample. Tryptamine, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine levels increased steadily, whereas the 2-phenylethylamine and tyramine levels decreased slightly. The monitoring results show that not even a unprofessional method of preserving wild mushrooms will lead to a substantial increase in the levels of biogenic amines and polyamines in the material of the wildly growing edible mushrooms.
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