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Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period
Hrudka, Jan ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Stingl, Josef (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta Studijní program: Filosofie a dějiny přírodních věd MUDr. Jan Hrudka Nádory v dějinném a kulturním kontextu v novověku Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period Disertační práce Školitel / Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Stanislav Komárek, Dr. Praha, 2017 SUMMARY: The PhD thesis called Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period is an attempt to describe a change of medical thinking in modern period; science and medicine turns from antique humoral pathology, explaining all diseases as an imbalance of the four body humours, to pathological anatomy and experimental physiology. In the point of view of pathological anatomy, the viscera of diseased person are no more "screen" or "mirror" of the disease, but it becomes directly the "stage" or "theatre" of the acting disease. This shift in the thought may be labelled as movement from humoralism to localism or ontologism; the disease isn't just abnormal amount of some natural juice any more, but becomes new original entity. This change undergoes the understanding of tumours and cancerous disease as well. Instead of antique understanding tumours as precipitates of black bile, the cell theory occurs in the 19th century. This theory explains tumours as a mass of cells undergoing excessive...
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Patient education on oncology orthopedics
Grymová, Renata ; Vachková, Eva (advisor) ; Švecová, Dagmar (referee)
Author: Renata Grymová Institution: Institute of social medicine Faculty of medicine in Hradec Kralove Nursing care department Name of theses: Patient education on oncology orthopedics Head of theses: Mgr. Eva Vachková, Ph.D Number of pages: 124 Number of attachments: 8 Year of deffence: 2014 Summary: Bachalor thesis is focusing on education of patient in oncological orthopedic ward. This thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and empirical. Theoretical part deals with the issue of education, oncological orthopedic, chemotherapy administrating, competences of nurses working in oncological orthopedic ward and educational topics in oncological orthopedics. Empirical part consists of questionnaire that is supposed to find out patients perception of illness, interpretation of all dialogues with respondents and also interpretaion of fulfilled aims of this bachalor theses. Key words: oncology, ortophedics, patients, education, chemotherapy
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Determination of selenium and manganese in cerebrospinal fluid by atomic absorption spectrometry
Jiráková, Lucie ; Kotaška, Karel (advisor) ; Klapková, Eva (referee)
The aim of this study was to confirm the use of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of selenium and manganese in the cerebrospinal fluid and to investigate concentrations of selenium and manganese in selected group of patients. For selenium was determined the detection limit 2,9 μg/l, for manganese 0,26 μg/l. 73 patients were examined (31 women, 42 men) whose average age was 14,1 years. The patients were divided into two groups according to age (56 children, 17 adults) and into two subgroups according to diagnoses (oncological, neurological). The control group consists of 18 subjects (5 women, 13 men, average age 21,7 years) with non-oncological and non-neurological diagnoses. We found significantly increased selenium concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in the control group, compared with the group with neurological diagnoses (median = 14,4 μg/l vs. 12,4 μg/l, p < 0.05). Elevated levels of manganese in cerebrospinal fluid was observed in a group of children with oncological diseases compared with control group (1,2 μg/l vs. 0,5 μg/l, p < 0.05). Determination of selenium and manganese in the cerebrospinal fluid may have diagnostic importance in selected groups of patients. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Enteral nutrition in oncology patients
Šulcová, Jana ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Mráz, Miloš (referee)
This bachelor thesis considers possibilities of enteral nutrition and its influence on life quality of oncological patients. The thesis consists of a theoretical and an experimental part. The theoretical part compiles the issue of malnutrition and nutritional support with emphasis on enteral nutrition. It deals with malnutrition in oncology and its solution. In the experimental part, a study of influence of enteral nutrition on life quality of oncological patients was conducted. A question was, how health condition, life quality and energy intake of patients are changed after one month of enteral nutrition use. The survey includes a physical examination, measuring patients with a machine Bodystat Quadscan 4000, filling up a questionnaire, evaluation of laboratory tests, and analysis of the patient's diet. The results of the study prove positive influence of enteral nutrition on health condition of patients with respect to laboratory tests. According to the questionnaire, the life quality of patients increased and the diet report shows increased energy intake. The physical examination results and Bodystat measurements did not prove positive influence of enteral nutrition.
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Nursing Childcare during Chemotherapeutic Treatment
CIMBÁLNÍKOVÁ, Eva
Current status: Children oncology is a field which has become an important part of medicine and thanks to its development it is possible to heal up to 80% of children oncological patients. In the children oncology, we can meet many kinds of cancer such as Hematopoietic Tissue tumors, Lymphomas and Central nervous system tumors. Children are usually cured using chemotherapy which has not only therapeutically effects, but also unwanted symptoms which decrease the quality of patient lives and can be even dangerous for children. Main aim of my bachelor thesis is to describe the core principles of the nursing childcare during chemotherapy and to set the basic rules concerning the right vein entry care as well as the principles of the right application of medicinal products through venous inlets. Another task is to describe the principles of manipulation with cytostatic and to demonstrate the key role of the nurse during the application of chemotherapy. Methodology: To process this bachelor thesis and to achieve the set aims a qualitative research examination was done while using the technique of secondary analysis of relevant resources. This research included looking for the information concerning the problem in the professional and scientific publications as well as gaining the experience during the internship in the Department of Pediatric Oncology in the Faculty Hospital Brno Results: This thesis describes key principles of the nursing childcare during chemotherapy focused mainly on the possible problems related side effects of cytostatic. The main task of the nurse is to watch a possible occurrence of these effects and to provide a careful nursing care. The nurse must always adapt the care to the current health condition and needs of the patient. Each child is individual and reacts differently to the cure. It is necessary during the chemotherapy to prevent from a possible infection by a very careful barrier nursing care. The task of the nurse is also to provide children and parents with a psychological support, to educate about the treatment regime in her competence, to ensure the safe cytostatic use while watching their effect and possible complications as well as to take a complex care of venous inlets. The thesis also finds out the right rules of the safe manipulations with cytostatic. The main rule during each manipulation is to protect your own health by using the protective equipment such as special Nitrile gloves, oral veils etc. and to work according to the rules of the safe manipulation with cytostatic which are available in each oncological department. Conclusions: This research work is treated as a theoretical overview work and its main benefit is presenting the theoretical knowledge about the oncology nursing childcare while describing a very important part of the nurse taking care of children oncological patients. The nurse must have a lot of both theoretical and practical knowledge which she uses during the nursing care. The results of this research should provide both professional and lay public enough information about the children oncology.
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Nursing care for women after breast ablation from the viewpoint of patients
TÓTHOVÁ, Kristýna
Recently, the breast carcinoma is one of the most severe cancers affecting women. It is very serious disease, therefore it is necessary to give these women increased attention. This bachelor thesis focuses on the women, who underwent the breast ablation. It is focused on the subjective view of the patients on the pre-surgery and post-surgery care. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the anatomy, the kinds, the causes and clinical signs of the breast carcinoma are mentioned. In the other part the prevention, the prognosis, the diagnosis and the cure of breast carcinoma is mentioned. Following chapters deal with the pre-surgery and post-surgery nursing care for the women who undergo breast ablation. In the last chapter, the support groups and their functions are mentioned. The empirical part of the thesis includes the results of research survey, which deals with pre-surgery and post-surgery nursing care for the women after breast ablation from the point of view of the women and also with the awareness of support groups. A qualitative research was used to process the data. As the method of research survey was chosen a half-structured interview, women were asked 18 questions. The interviews were recorded, rewritten to written form and then categorised and analysed. This bachelor thesis was written in a certain way, to bring basic overview of the nursing care for the women after breast ablation. The result of this bachelor thesis is a proposal for a manual for general nurses (the treating personnel), who treat the women who underwent breast ablation.
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Lifestyle adjustment of adolescents diagnosed with cancer and of their siblings
Holcová, Ludmila ; Radvanská, JItka (advisor) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
The Bachelor thesis deals with the lifestyle of adolescent patients before and after cancer treatment. Moreover, the thesis examines the influence of this disease on the lifestyle of their siblings. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is more extensive, there are presented the results of theoretical knowledge about nutrition of oncological adolescents after the termination of cancer treatment. These general principles can be used as a prevention of cancer disease. This section also contains the characteristics of adolescence and the issues of cancer disease with children and adolescents. The research summarizes the results obtained from the survey. To determine the changes in eating habits among adolescent cancer patients and their siblings, the quantitative method was used. For the processing, it has been used 20 questionnaires from adolescents and 20 questionnaires from their siblings; all of them were completely filled. The questionnaire designated for patients includes the questions concerning diet, drinking regime, physical activity before and after the treatment, awareness of oncological adolescents and their sources of knowledge. The questionnaire for siblings includes the questions about lifestyle change after their sibling's illness. The aim of this research part was to...
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The Role of Communication in Medical Diagnosis of Cancer Patients from the Perspective of Young Doctors
Tvrdá, Pavlína ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Háva, Petr (referee)
The thesis called Informed of the Diagnosis to Cancer Patients from the Perspective of Young Doctors try to figure out what is the preparedness of young physicians to communicate the diagnosis to cancer patients and identify problem areas associated within the Czech health care system. The theoretical and practical considerations are analyzed, including the work environment. There are the high demands placed on physicians in institutional care and the associated risk of professional burnout is described. The training of physicians in undergraduate and postgraduate education was explored. Primary data was gathered using qualitative research method by semistructural interviews with doctors. The next part of the thesis are categories, that were interpreted by analysis and comparison of the secondary sources of data. Interpretations of categories are replenished by citations. The findings correspond to the main research questions.
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Health and social care for cancer patients in university hospital Pilsen
RATHOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis focuses on the health and social problem of oncologically ill patients in Plzeň university hospital. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empiric part. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the occurence of oncological illnesses and gender distribution. Further on, the theoretical part describes some of the examination methods, the causes of oncological illness origin and subsequently it deals with the social influence on the patient who is oncologically ill and under palliative care. In the last section of the theoretical part health and social services provided by the University Hospital in Plzeň for oncologically ill patients are described. The goal of the practical part was to describe the problem of oncologically ill patients in the Plzeň University Hospital from a multidisciplinary care point of view. To gain information I used the methodics of a qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews were used as a tool for the research. Semi-structured intervews were carried out with ten patients who were getting treatment in the Plzeň University Hospital. Research questions were the following. How do patients in the oncological department perceive the care provided? What problem within multidisciplinary care do patients perceive as the most serious one? The result of the thesis is the finding that patients in Plzeň University Hospital are satisfied with health care, with the treatment as well as the behaviour of caretaking staff. The most serious problem they perceive within the provision of multidisciplinary care is the fact that they have not met any social worker or psychologist. Services of these two members of a multidisciplinary team have not even been offered to them. Many patients have told me that they were missing this kind of help, they were left to solve all problems by themselves.
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