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Qohelet's Soliloquy and its Peculiarities
Rudolf, Štěpán ; Beneš, Jiří (advisor) ; Holubová, Markéta (referee)
This diploma thesis called Qohelet's Soliloquy and its Peculiarities goes through the era of Qohelet 's origin, it describes the title of the book and resumes some of the results of biblical scholarship concerning, authorship, background and structure of this book. The thesis reconstruct the way of this book into the Old Testament scriptures. It presents it as a result of this book being used and fast placed in Jewish schools rather than a result of divine inspiration. It describes the author of this book as a Jewish man, experienced in Greek literature and trying to critically evaluate his own Jewish traditions. The book searches a Jewish answer to contemporary Greek philosophical questioning about the right way of living. The conclusion of the narrator's unceasing inquiry is rather a disappointing one, he finds out nothing but vapour, chasing the wind, wasting of both time and energy as a result of human (his own) activities. That is bitter but inevitable knowledge, since it is an innate human desire to grasp things which are out of his reach. The most important parts of the text and quotations are considered both in their original Hebrew sounding and the reputable ancient translations: the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate. The key term of the book, that is to say hevel is much discussed and...
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Philosophical basis for ethical treatment of animals
VRANKA, Matouš
The thesis deals with the conditions for rational thinking of the basic level of the ethical approach to non-human reality, especially to animals. The first part describes the concept of being/existence as discussed by three important scholastic teachings (Thomas Aquinas, Ian Duns Scotus and Frantisek Suárez), as well as the development of thinking about the good and the First Cause. In the second part, the issue of Hume's thesis and its possible overcoming through the thesis of supervenience is mentioned. Subsequently, knowledge from the metaphysical part is used as the basis for the formulation of a basic ethical attitude towards animals.
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Aquinas and Suarez on Free Will
STRAKOVÁ, Kristýna
he diploma thesis deals with free will, mainly from a historical point of view, specifically from the point of view of Aquinas and Suárez. They are contrasted with Hobbes, who takes a completely different position. In this diploma thesis, it is mainly a comparison of the concepts of free will of Aquinas and Suárez. In the first chapter, free will is discussed in general, in the following chapter, various directions that deal with free will are listed. Other chapters are devoted to Aquinas, Suárez and Hobbes. In the last chapter, the opinions of these authors are compared.
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The similarity between Socrates and Jesus of Nazarteh
Čížková, Blanka ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
This paper's focus was the similarity between Socrates and Jesus. We have compared various events and circumstances in their lives and in their teachings. Both men were responsible for the emergence of a thinking that was unparalleled until then. Their teaching is of an ethical kind. The task of every man is not only to know the virtues of goodness, justice, truth, etc. but to live by them.
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Conflict of Good and Evil in The Silmarillion from a Biblical Perspective
Kučera, Benjamin ; Hošek, Pavel (advisor) ; Bargár, Pavol (referee)
The theme of the thesis is to look into the conflict of good and evil in the work of Tolkien The Silmarillion from a Biblical perspective. The text of Silmarillion itself is mainly used for identification of themes related to the central one. These themes are further analysed to reveal their origin, namely whether they came from the biblical tradition or some other tradition. The first part is devoted to the Silmarillion itself and provides a brief summary to remind reader of the basic plot line and motifs. The second part addresses the issue of good and evil from a cosmic perspective and its definition. This section also identifies the general principles of this combat taking into account its particular realisations and allows reader to determine the influence of Christianity, Norse mythology, and other sources on Tolkien's work. The third part deals with the conflict between good and evil in relation to particular persons or groups of persons, and describes the way people surrender to the evil and how they can resist it. It makes clear what values Tolkien considered important. In this thesis reader can once again find summarisation of the factors that influenced Tolkien's work.
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problem of responsibility and freedom
Rohlenová, Lucie ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
Problem of responsibility and freedom ROHLENOVÁ, LUCIE. Problem of responsibility and freedom. Praha: Faculty of Education, Charles University, 2012, 69 pp. Diploma Thesis. The diploma thesis will devote to the progress of the phenomenon of the liberty in the modern period from Spinoza to Lévinas. The diploma thesis is mainly based on the major publications of philosophers, B. Spinoza, I. Kant, K. Jaspers, J.-P. Sartre, E. Levinas. The thesis focuses in the terms responsibility and liberty which assume different and more profound meaning in their philosophy. Baruch Spinoza connects the liberty with the independence, with the causal independece. The independent thing is the thing which is the source of own action. In this meaning we can say that only God is independent. Immanuel Kant presented the new dimension of the liberty in ethics which extended the solution of the etical philosophy. The person is the being who constructs the moral word from own liberty and accountable to himself or herself and the other people. Emphasis is placed on Karl Jaspers' major publication The Question of German Guilt. The blame is analysed in this publication and it is classified into four aspects-criminal, political, moral and metaphysical blame. Jeana Paul Sartre is the author of the idea that our body and...
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Crisis in the institute for the study of totalitarian regimes in czech periodic press
Svorník, Petr ; Jirák, Jan (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to prove that the style of news coverage of one topic in three different Czech newspapers differs significantly, based on ideology of authors and newspapers too. News reporting should be informative, unbiased, without assessments of its author. However the resulting article is always biased in some way. The author doesn't have to use evaluating words to evaluate; he or she can affect the result by choosing right speakers, placing them in favorable or disadvantageous position or even cut them out of the text. The author can choose which story to tell and which frame to use. This thesis focuses on crisis in the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes in April of 2013, when the director Daniel Herman was dismissed and new director Pavla Foglová was appointed. This event is suitable for the study of (hidden) evaluation and ideology, because it is closely connected with communist history of Czech nation - everyone has some opinion about it, journalists included. After the theoretical explanation of main terms and concepts like signification, discourse and ideology comes the analysis of three non-tabloid Czech newspapers: Lidové noviny, Mladá fronta DNES and Právo. Their story is the main subject of this thesis.
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