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Psychiatry, mental illness and culture
Müller, Matyáš ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
The aim of the dissertation is to treat psychiatry and mental illness from the anthropological point of view. The topic is treated at three levels. First, I describe psychiatry as a specific culture's product, and I explore how it constitutes itself as an unbiased science. I conclude that in spite of developing its scientific aspect, its human-science aspect is neglected, stuck in the 19th century's paradigm of evolutionism. Although there is a number of sources of a new less scientistic and ethnocentric and more reflexive paradigm nowadays, it still seems to be more a vision than reality due to the institutional toughness of the present paradigm. Second, I study "mental illness" as an abstract concept. I ask if the Western psychiatry's classification is universal and I explore various culturally specific forms of mental illness and its conceptualizations. Third, partially grounded in my fieldwork, I ask how abstract psychiatric terminology is embodied in a concrete human being and how the sufferer's point of view differs from the one of the professional in the mental health care. The dissertation intends to show that despite all the three levels being interlocked, their unity is not self-evident but is always constructed and contested.
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Total Home: Care and Social Life in Psychiatric Institution
Tichý, Mikuláš ; Abu Ghosh, Yasar (advisor) ; Klepal, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis is based on three months of participant observation in a long-term care facility in 2010 and interviews conducted during next three years. It draws from a perspectives of medical anthropology and anthropology of institutions. The focus is on an ethnography of institution for clients with chronic mental disease, dementia and substance abuse. The thesis is mapping institution's components and actors, their social life and relationships in the institution. The analyses is based upon the concept of total institution by Erving Goffman, and draws from thoughts of Josef Pieper, Martin Buber, Emanuel Lévinas and Michel Foucault. A long-term facility is an institution, which shares clients and some of problems with classical examples of total institutions, but recent reforms aimed to minimalize features of total institutions. Still it does not seem to be a vital institution and new aspects of social situation of staff and clients are recognized. Among new problems is non-existence of therapy for the inhabitants, their marginalization through poor financial situation in an institution, where lot of services are paid and little continuity to other forms of care of more community and ambulant character. Key words: total institution, long-term facility, psychiatric care, medical anthropology,...
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The cause of cage beds: analysis of internet forum from 2006 in a perspective of disability studies
Štrunc, Václav ; Kolářová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kocman, David (referee)
This thesis presents results of analysis of internet forum, which appeared under article from internet server aktualne.cz in 2006. The article is dealing with abusing of cage beds in context of on people with mental handicap and people with mental illness focused social care system. For qualitative research was used the method of coding inspired by methodological approach of "grounded theory". In theoretical part of this thesis I analyzed relevant theoretical concepts from area of disability studies and gender studies with special focus on critic of concept of liberal citizenship and social contract theory. The key theoretical concept of the thesis is dichotomy of private and public sphere. In next part of the thesis is I am describing context of causes of cage beds in Czech Republic and I am delineating the basic traits of debate here. In empirical part I am describing five key themes, axial codes. In framework of these themes I am defining the differences of people with mental handicap or people with mental illness. The themes are: space and isolation, efficiency, responsibility, stigmatization and care work. In framework of every theme is I am describing the way of defining of these differences and I am searching for their cause and origin. In next part I am figuring the way of argumentation of...
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Influence of culture on the conception of mental illness.
Janíková, Martina ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Zoufalá, Marcela (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe sociocultural aspects of mental illness. The thesis concerns with sociocultural influences on formation and conceptualization of illness explanatory models that shape unstructured fyziological phenomenon into structured experience. Specific cultural content of biological categories is the foundation of health care systems, lay conceptions and prejudices and determines social status of the mentally ill. Also attitudes of society towards its deviant members reflect her essential characteristics. Therefore, this thesis outlines historical and cross-cultural transformations of mental illness within the broad social context. Describes health care system as a specific layer of social and symbolic reality and points out the influence of dominant psychiatric discourse on the conception of illness. Attention was also paied to media selective portrayals of mental illness that were proved to strenghten negative stereotypes. Mental illnesses, how was shown, differs cross-culturally. Though basic psychiatric syndromes occur in every society, culture promotes and shapes particular symptoms, so that progress and prognosis can be very different. We can, therefore, conclude that every illness is in a way culture-related.
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Mental health policy analysis in the Czech Republic in the context of European Union
Pečtová, Kateřina ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Karlová, Irena (referee)
Diploma thesis "Mental health policy analysis in the Czech Republic in the context of European Union" deals with the present state of health care of psychiatric patients in the Czech Republic. Main theories for the thesis are quality of life, human rights, health determinants and support of mental health. Analysis of mental health policy shows that health care for psychiatric patients is mainly concetrated in psychiatric institutions. Advanced trends and recommendations described in the political documents issued by the European Union urge to transformation of service framework stressing the importance of health care diferentiation and its move towards community care. At the end, health care framework for the Czech Republic fulfilling such requests and correspondig with the model of balanced care is described. Such a model is based on progressive health care movement from psychiatric institutions towards community care with regard on financial, personal and capacity resources of the state and region. The Czech Republic belongs to the states with average resource capacity thus such steps would lead to balancing institutional and community care and follows the line established by developed countries leading to larger and more diferentiated health care framework.
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Development and new trends in the care for people with mental illness
Vajdová, Martina ; Janečková, Hana (advisor) ; Šťastná, Jaroslava (referee)
Development and new trends in the care for people with mental illness Abstract: The aim of my bachelor's thesis is to capture developments and new trends in the care for people with mental illnesses. In the introduction, I briefly specify the concept of mental illness and set the division of mental illnesses. Several selected diagnoses of mental illnesses, which are described here are based on professional literature, practical experience and available health statistics. The following is a description of the development of care for people with mental illnesses. From Ancient Times to the Middle Ages, society explained the existence of mental illnesses in humans as the action of supernatural forces. The care for people with mental illnesses was merely an exception during these historical periods. The situation of people with mental illnesses improved during the period of Enlightenment. With the development of medical science, society came to the conclusion that mental illnesses were caused by brain diseases. Psychiatry became a field of science with the first successful therapy treatments. Treatment began to be concentrated in mental institutions, later in psychiatric hospitals. This trend prevailed until the second half of the 20th century. Towards the end of the 20th century, the process of...
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The picture of mental illness in the print media in three central European countries
Nawková, Lucie ; Jirák, Roman (advisor) ; Bražinová, Alexandra (referee) ; Vevera, Jan (referee)
Media are considered to be the public's primary source of information regarding mental illness. Evidence suggests that media representations of people with psychiatric disorders are frequently negative and contribute to their stigmatization. On the other hand, media can play an important role in reducing this stigmatisation by providing adequate information about this topic and engaging in antistigma campaigns. Up to now there was no standardised measurement of the stigma of mental illness in print media using clearly operationalized definitions. The objectives of this project were twofold; to develop a standardised and objective instrument to measure stigma of mental illness in print media; and to conduct an analysis of the current coverage on mental health/illness issues in Czech, Croatian, and Slovak print media. The development of the Picture of Mental Illness in Newspapers (PICMIN) instrument was based on the principles of content analysis, a research technique for making replicable and valid inferences from text to the kontext in their use. The instrument consists of eleven descriptive and five analytical categories. The most interesting findings based on the analysis of media representations of mental illness were; a similarly high level of stigmatizing articles across countries, clearly...
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Association of education with mental illness in Czech population
Kuklová, Marie
Association of education with mental illness in Czech population Abstract This master thesis aimed to study the association of education with mental disorders in the Czech population. Data were used from a nationally representative cross-sectional study - the CZEch Mental health Study (CZEMS). Mental disorders were assessed with Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and divided into four groups - affective, anxiety, substance use and alcohol use. Information about the highest completed education was self-reported by participants during an interview. Binary logistic regresion examined the association of education with mental disorders, group-wise adjusting for sociodemographic, social and health-related characteristics. The analysis was conducted on 3 175 participants (54 % women, median age 49 years). Lower education (primary and vocational) was associated with higher occurrence of mental disorders, this association remained after adjustment for all characteristics. The association was strongest for alcohol use disorders and weakest for anxiety disorders and did not differ by sex. The relationship between education and alcohol use as well as substance use disorders was apparent in particular in younger individuals. The observed educational differences in the occurrence of mental disorders should be...
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Association of education with mental illness in Czech population
Kuklová, Marie
Association of education with mental illness in Czech population Abstract This master thesis aimed to study the association of education with mental disorders in the Czech population. Data were used from a nationally representative cross-sectional study - the CZEch Mental health Study (CZEMS). Mental disorders were assessed with Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and divided into four groups - affective, anxiety, substance use and alcohol use. Information about the highest completed education was self-reported by participants during an interview. Binary logistic regresion examined the association of education with mental disorders, group-wise adjusting for sociodemographic, social and health-related characteristics. The analysis was conducted on 3 175 participants (54 % women, median age 49 years). Lower education (primary and vocational) was associated with higher occurrence of mental disorders, this association remained after adjustment for all characteristics. The association was strongest for alcohol use disorders and weakest for anxiety disorders and did not differ by sex. The relationship between education and alcohol use as well as substance use disorders was apparent in particular in younger individuals. The observed educational differences in the occurrence of mental disorders should be...
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