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History of Mathematics at subject matter of Maths at Primary school
Richtrová, Irena ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the history of mathematics and the possibility of its inclusion in the teaching of mathematics at the 1st grade of elementary school. The goal was to compile a set of didactic materials based on the starting points that result from the theoretical part. 6 thematic areas from the history of mathematics and 20 specific didactic scenarios and activities with additional material for direct use in teaching, including a theoretical part for teachers, were proposed. The suitability of didactic materials was verified at 34 schools from all over the Czech Republic. Based on the analysis of reflections from teaching, the loadability of selected historical topics was assessed and modifications of didactic materials were proposed. KEYWORDS History of mathematics; history of numbers; history of geometry; abacus; Pythagoras; Fibonacci; 1st grade primary school mathematics; didactic materials.
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Interactive technology in education
Svobodová, Kristýna ; Lapeš, Jakub (advisor) ; Tocháček, Daniel (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is devoted to various types of interactive technologies and their integration into the educational process at the second level of elementary schools. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to find out how teachers approach the use of interactive technologies in education at ordinary elementary schools. In the theoretical part, the reader is first introduced to the concept of interactive technology, then to selected types of interactive technologies that can be effectively used in elementary school teaching, and to their application in the classroom. At the end of this section, the theoretical basis for obtaining and creating didactic materials for interactive technologies is described. The practical part of the bachelor thesis is focused on the use of interactive technologies in education at the second level of elementary schools. At the end of the theses, the conclusions of the research, which was carried out by using a semi-structured interview with the principals and a questionnaire survey, whose respondents were teachers of second grade of elementary schools in Prague, are formulated. KEYWORDS Interactive technology, interactive board, didactic materials, elementary school, education
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Chemical experiments in the home environment and their didactic processing
Koběrská, Klára ; Teplá, Milada (advisor) ; Stratilová Urválková, Eva (referee)
Klára Koběrská: Chemical experiments in the home environment and their didactic processing. Bachelor thesis. Prague: Faculty of Science, Charles University, 2023. Abstract The bachelor's thesis focuses on home experiments in chemistry and their didactic processing. The theoretical part defines the concept of experimental teaching of chemistry, its function, and its concept in obligatory pedagogical documents. It also includes the involvement of chemical experiments in distance learning and the safety of practical chemistry teaching outside the laboratory environment. The thesis aims to conduct research and evaluate available didactic materials on the topic, thus evaluating the didactic processing, availability, safety, age of students, and relation to RVP, as well as the time demands of 16 materials. Based on the research findings, the practical part presents 5 worksheets for students supplemented with methodological instructions for teachers. These didactic materials were evaluated by 10 teachers and 69 students throughout the questionnaire, and their comments were considered in the final adjustment of the set of worksheets. Key words chemistry, experiment, didactic materials, homeschooling, elementary schools, high schools, set of experiments
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Materials for education in biochemistry at secondary school - smooth and skeletal muscle
Honomichl, Petr ; Martínek, Václav (advisor) ; Teplá, Milada (referee)
Modern society gives humanity many guarantees and many benefits. Although one of the biggest problems nowadays is that most of us spend much time sitting at computers or TVs. Another problem is the excess of an unsuitable diet, which threatens our health. This lifestyle harms our health and contributes to the outbreak of diseases in civilization, among other things. These diseases are the leading cause of death in civilized countries. It is no wonder that some parts of society are already aware of this issue, and its goal is to motivate people to spend their free time actively, for example, with regular exercise or sports. It is necessary to emphasize the relationship between health problems and a sedentary lifestyle by integrating such topics into teaching grammar school subjects. We could combine chemistry, biology and physical education with helping students find new ways to understand the importance of physical activity. The work focuses on skeletal and smooth muscle because it is closely related to movement and is also the subject of teaching in secondary schools. However, in the current teaching materials, this topic is conceived rather descriptively, with students learning many medical terms, and the interpretation of the mechanism of muscle activity is limited to skeletal muscles. This...
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Individualization in pre-school and elementary education
Šebestová, Milena ; Kasíková, Hana (advisor) ; Běhalová, Andrea (referee)
The diploma thesis "Individualization in Preschool and Elementary Education" deals with an individualized education of preschoolers and children at the primary school stage. It is a case study with direct observation, interviews and studying the relevant documents qualitatively examines in detail the individualization in a particular educational institution in order to gain insight into its real individualized learning using representative sample to clarify its meaning. The thesis has both theoretical and practical forms and is aimed at studying the possibility of the individualized learning. It analyzes a specific way of teachers' pedagogical work with preschool children and school children in primary education. The first chapter of the theoretical part is based on knowledge drawn from several information sources about the individualization as an organizational form of education and also on synthesis of findings from several pedagogical and psychological disciplines influencing individualized learning; the second chapter describes the basic terms, principles, types, systems and special organizations of individualized educational work. The first chapter of the practical part is based on the direct observation and exploration of individualization in the selected educational institution in order to...
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New educational materials for education in biochemistry at secondary schools
Stránský, Jaroslav ; Martínek, Václav (advisor) ; Distler, Petr (referee)
Biochemistry is usually the last taught discipline of chemistry. In the Czech Republic, grammar school students study biochemistry during the third or fourth grade. This can sometimes cause problems because there is often little time left for biochemistry when compared to other chemical disciplines. The content of the biochemical curriculum is often limited only to memorization of the most important facts and there is no time enough to point out the important relationships of biochemistry to everyday life. In the last year of study, many students have already decided whether or not to study chemistry in the future and it is then difficult to find some topics that would attract the attention of those who do not want to continue studying chemistry. This thesis is focused on the solving this situation. The first part gives an overview on the theoretical background, which forms the framework for the following parts - Analysis of selected textbooks, which was done to map the current state of teaching biochemistry in Czech schools, and Creation of new didactic materials that can complement current textbooks and help teachers explain the basics of biochemistry more clearly and in the context of contemporary everyday life. The last part of this diploma thesis summarizes the experiences with use of the...
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Possibilities of usage of physical activities in chemistry education
Kuncipálová, Hana ; Míka, Luděk (advisor) ; Teplá, Milada (referee)
This diploma thesis is aimed at the possibilities of the usage of physical activities in chemistry education. The theoretical part of this thesis contains the analysis of RVP ZV and RVP G, especially the content of the movement. This part is also focused on the physical activities, the types and styles of learning, especially on the kinesthetic learning style, and the motivation of pupils. The practical part of this thesis is focused on the finding of usage physical activities by teachers of chemistry. These data are obtained through interviews with chemistry teachers. These teachers also evaluated the created chemistry physical activities, which are presented in the diploma thesis. The chemistry physical activities also includes methodological instructions for users.
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Lipids - Creating Animations to Support Education in the Natural Sciences
Josífková, Hana ; Teplá, Milada (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of lipids and it is focused on the processing in the form of educational materials (educational text and educational animations) for chemistry and biology on secondary school. It is devided into two parts. The theoretical part defines the key concepts serving as theoretical background: interdisciplinarity, visualization, animation. There is also performed the analysis of RVP G and the representation of the topic of the diploma thesis in this curricular document. The final chapter of the theoretical part is dedicated to determing the criteria for the analysis of the educational materials and the characteristics of the animation program Adobe Animate CC. The analysis of available educational materials is performed according to predetermined criteria in the practical part, specifically animations available on the Internet. There are also introduced the educational materials so as the complex file of educational animations created in the program Adobe Animate CC and the educational text that serves as a guiding material to educational animation program. The materials include methodological guide for users. The created materials focus on the topic of the lipids and biological membranes, they emphasize interdisciplinarity of chemistry and biology and also connect...
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Preparation of new didactic materials to support science education at the preschool and primary level
Andrlová, Dominika ; Teplá, Milada (advisor) ; Hybelbauerová, Simona (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the development of natural science literacy of pre-school age children and pupils of younger school age. The aim of this thesis is didactic processing of materials which will enable teachers/lecturers/parents to develop natural science literacy of children, without themselves having to have education in chemistry for correct understanding of the experiment, and thanks to which, at the same time, they could pass on the correct information to children in such way that prevents from the occurrence of natural science misconceptions to a maximum possible extent. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to child ontogenesis in pre-school and early school age, which is subsequently reflected in the creation of materials for development of natural science literacy of this target age category of children. The theoretical work includes also the characterisation of the term natural science literacy as a possible tool for increasing interest in the study of natural sciences. It states the expected positives, but also possible negatives, especially in the form of resulting misconceptions which can be associated to the introduction of natural science education for younger children. In the subsequent part, an analysis of syllabus of natural science-focused subjects at...
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