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Stress and Limbic Iritability in Depresseion and Alkohol Dependency : Craving and Depression as a Disorder of Inhibitory Mechanisms?
Jasová, Denisa ; Bob, Petr (advisor) ; Popov, Petr (referee) ; Balcar, Karel (referee)
Stress and limbic iritability in depression and alcohol dependency Denisa Jasová Abstract Depressive disorders and alcohol dependency recently present epidemiologically most significant psychiatric disorders. According to current research both diseases are multifactorial, mainly represented by genetic and environmental conditions. Several recent research studies are mainly focused on social factors related to stress and traumatic events such as neglect, deprivation, verbal, emotional, physical and sexual abuse, bullying and others. Important feature of these pathological conditions present disbalance between excitatory and inhibitory systems. In this context in affective disorders as well as in alcohol dependency these inhibitory deficits are represented by increased sensitivity and excitability of the limbic system called limbic irritability. Several studies suggested that these pathological changes may be described using the kindling model that potentially may explain limbic changes similar to temporal lobe epilepsy which may produce affective, cognitive and psychosensory symptoms but without typical changes that occur in neurologically diagnosed epilepsy. Following these findings significant correlations between depression and limbic irritability and between limbic irritability and alcohol craving have...
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Chronic Patients' Depression
Pečinková, Jana ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Loneková, Katarína (referee)
This thesis "Chronic Patients' Depression" looks into Alzheimer's disease patients' depression. Theoretical part focuses on topics of old age, dementia syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and depression. These topics are described also in their associations. Current researches in the field of study are mentioned too. Practical part deals with presence of depression in Alzheimer's persons. Hypothesis that depression is more frequent in early stage of dementia is tested. In the research there is used standardised method - Yesevage's Geriatric Depression Scale. Other methods which can bring new information is also used (Geriatric Depression Scale filled in by caring persons and structured observation). The outcome is 9,7% Alzheimer's patients suffer from depression. More persons with depression we can find in a group of Alzheimer's early stage however difference between group of early and advanced stage is not significant. This study occupies with assets of other methods for diagnostic of depression.
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Depression and Insulin Resistance
Hess, Zdeněk ; Rosolová, Hana (advisor) ; Šimon, Jaroslav (referee) ; Souček, Miroslav (referee) ; Beran, Jiří (referee)
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome and depression are considered to be important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is estimated to be around 25% of the adult population in industrialized countries, including the population of Czech Republic. The prevalence of depression is estimated to be around 15% of the same adult population. It is not clear yet on the base of poor literature, which is so far available, whether there is a causal relationship between these factors or not. Objective: To try to find a relationship between metabolic syndrome and depression in a population sample using clinical and metabolic parameters. Methods: The prevalence of depressivity or other psychopathologies was evaluated with the use of self-report questionnaires in a randomly selected population sample of 259 people living in Pilsen. The questionnaires were mailed to the subjects. Those of them who responded were invited to the examination of anthropometric and laboratory parameters defining the metabolic syndrome and to the examination of some other parameters. The occurrence of risk factors of the metabolic syndrome of insulin resistance and the relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome was investigated. Metabolic syndrome of insulin resistance...
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Role of the nurse in screening for depression in the elderly.
VRZALOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis deals with problems of depression in older people. Mainly the work is focused on identifying and analyzing the role of nurses in screening for depression in older people in primary care, acute care, long-term care and home care. This thesis was focused on theoretical direction and was used the method of design and demonstration. In this thesis was set one main goals with five research questions. The main goal was to identify and analyze the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly. RQ 1: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 2: What is the role of the nurse in the primary care in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 3: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in hospitalized patients in acute care? RQ 4: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in seniors in long-term and home care? RQ 5: What rating scales and methods are used in screening for depression in the elderly? The thesis introduce the concept of depression. The following are specified the causes of and the important factors that affect depression in the elderly. It also deals the differences in the clinical symptomatology of depression in old age. It explains possibilities and various barriers in the diagnosis of depression. Another chapter introduces complete geriatric examination, diagnostic classification systems, possible screening methods and scales for detection of depression in the elderly population. It also deals methods of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and its possible complications associated with older age. By reason of increased suicide rate caused by depressive disorder the issue of suicidal behavior in the elderly is introduced. The next chapter deals with the nursing process, which is used by nurses in practice. It consists of the evaluation of the patient's health condition, making nursing diagnosis, creating nursing plan and subsequent implementation and evaluation. The nursing process is also needy for providing quality care. The nursing process in the stage of nursing diagnosis, introduces possible nursing diagnosis for a patient suffering from depression, which are based on the latest classification. Finally is described the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly in different health facilities and their contribution to the timely evaluation of depression in the elderly. This chapter introduces the role of nurses, nursing screening and collaboration with a physician. The role of nurses in screening for depression in different medical facilities is based on the first phase of the nursing process of assessment. On the basis of objective and subjective information, the nurse will assess the overall health and mental condition of the patient. Primarily, it was investigated what is the role of the nurse in screening for depression. On the basis of content analysis and synthesis it was necessary to used and processed domestic and foreign literature. A number of relevant sources are the results of various studies and Meta-analyzes, mostly from abroad, but also from the Czech Republic. The thesis can serve as a basis for nurses. The result of this thesis is to create e-learning material available for students in the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice in the tutorial called Moodle.
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Psychohygiene of Social Worker
KACZOR, Michal
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of the social worker's mental hygiene in connection with dealing with the psychological stress arisen from their profession in the present day. Thesis contains the detailed depiction of the present day state of the social work profession in the context of the postmodern era. Due to professional sources the work analyses and explains personality particularity of social workers which are important for discharging this profession including the theme of the psychological stress of social workers, and the ways of coping with it are included as well. The main mental hygiene resources are fundamental and "superstructural" (the core of the social work) which are necessary for coping with the psychological stress. The thesis demonstrates the importance of cooperation of the three mainstays that are responsible for promoting and formation of the required position for the mental hygiene in social work - meant for employers, educators, and social workers as well. All these mainstays participate in enhancing the quality of social work. The lack of high-quality and appropriate mental hygiene in this profession thwarts the realization of first-rate social work. However, as this thesis outlines, it depends mainly on the social worker whether he or she can use the potential of the mental hygiene resources effectively or not.
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The effect of multiple sclerosis on psychical health of people suffering from multiple sclerosis
CHROUSTOVSKÁ, Petra
In my thesis, I focused on people with multiple sclerosis and their kin. I followed the issues how this disease affects the psychological perception of people with this disease and how to change the perception of their kin. Sclerosis comes from latin word "skleros" that means "stiff, tough" and multiple stands for the fact that lesions can be formed anywhere in the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease. The cause of this disease is still unknown and there are currently no drugs that would be able to completely stop the disease and cure it. It is a disease of mainly young people between 20 - 40 years. The myelin sheaths disintegrate and the nerve impulses consequently interrupt or slow down in the organism. This process leads to progressive disability of such ill people. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is mainly deals with the fundamental issues of multiple sclerosis. There are stated and described the symptoms of the disease and its treatment, diagnostics of disease and the impact on family, social or work life. The practical part is focused on qualitative research where I addressed two groups of people. The first group consists of people with multiple sclerosis disease. Data was collected by narrative interviews. The second group is formed by kin, where a semi standardized questionnaire was applied. Respondents were selected using the "snowball". The survey conducted among patients resulted in basic finding. For people with good family backgrounds the knowledge of their diagnosis caused decrease of their mental health and mild depression that was usually subsided after treatment with antidepressants and the patient was able to return to active life. For people with impaired family background mental and physical health deteriorated. Immediate family members understand the changes in life values of their loved ones and support them in every new activity. I chose this topic because the number of people with multiple sclerosis is increasing. In this work, I would like to contribute to greater awareness, both patients and company, also support patients and show that even with multiple sclerosis they can live a full life.
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Mental stress in college students
BLECHOVÁ, Romana
The thesis deals with an incidence of mental stress of college students. The thesis is not only focused on the present, but also on the degree of mental stress and the factors that affect the degree of stress. The first objective is to analyse the incidence and impact of mental stress at students of the faculty. A partial objective is to describe the relation of physical activity and mental load, as many authors state that physically active individuals are mentally more resistant. Furthermore, to determine how many students suffer from a particular degree of depression and whether students sought professional help. The practical part deals with the analysis of individual questions from the questionnaire, which are graphically presented in the form of graphs. In this section it is also stated the evaluation of standardized part of the questionnaire, the division of students into groups according to the SDS index and evaluation of hypotheses using statistical processing by method of multiple regression analysis by using the freely available Gretl program. For the purposes of the research two hypotheses were formulated: H1: Mental stress is present at the first-year students of bachelor's degree. H2: The degree of mental load varies among physically active and inactive students. These hypotheses were statistically evaluated using multiple regression analysis in freely available Gretl program and according to the results they were confirmed or disproved. The results of this thesis can be used for the needs of the faculty, which can obtain a comprehensive view on the impact of the faculty environment on the students' mental status. Studying at university is not only an instrument to gain professional knowledge and qualification in the field of study, but also the social environment where you can get a lot of contacts.
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Nutrition and cerebral neurodegenerative diseases
Šálková, Michaela ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis is literary research and its topic is focused on the effect of nutrition on the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the structure and physiology of the human brain. In the second part are described all essential nutrients which the brain needs to maintain its functions. The third part focuses on neurodegenerative diseases and their epidemiology and pathophysiology. In this part are also examined nutrients which could be possibly useful in the prevention or which could be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Explored diseases include dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and unipolar depression.The aim of this thesis was to find accessible literature focused on this topic and make a discussion.
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Grief
Měchura, Mojmír ; Cseres, Jozef (referee) ; Cenek, Filip (advisor)
Multimedia installation combining photography, music and noises, representing the story of the killer and the victim, from their meeting up to death in five main parts.
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