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Meaning and Understanding in the Context of Thought of Jacques Derrida and Hans-Georg Gadamer
Voborský, Lukáš ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Novotný, Jaroslav (referee)
Meaning and Understanding in the Context of Thought of Jacques Derrida and Hans-Georg Gadamer The focus of the present study is mainly on the discussion of the process of understanding and emergence of meaning. Using the example of Gadamer's hermeneutics it becomes clear what are the limits of positive attempt to express conditions of understanding within the context of the philosophy of finitude. In spite of its undeniable benefits, hermeneutic understanding shows itself to be vulnerable towards ideology and it could be seen as suspected of hidden normativity thanks to its emphasis on agreement and coherency. Derrida's deconstruction on the other hand shows the dynamics of emergence of meaning in language, it emphasizes plurality and ambiguity in contrast towards totalizing unicity and agreement; however, due to this approach, it is unable to offer anything close to what we call the truth. In a parallel line of interpretation, philosophical- antropological approach of Ernst Cassirer standing in comparison with Heidegger's existential analytics of Dasein shows that already at the fundamental level in the process of establishment of terms and concepts and earlier our understanding is already determined to a certain extent. Discussion between Gadamer and Derrida shows a necessity of certain arbitrary...
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Genesis, the television oratorio. Audio-visual analysis within the context of Czech television opera
Ledvinka, Martin ; Havelková, Tereza (advisor) ; Kratochvíl, Matěj (referee)
The present thesis proposes a deconstructive analysis of Czech television oratorio Genesis (director Pavel Hobl, music Zbigniew Wiszniewsky, Czechoslovak Television and Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen, 1969). Using concepts of voice-object and acousmêtre, this study examines music of the oratorio as an important narrative feature of the audio-visual object. The text interprets the narrative of the oratorio as a crituque of logocentrism and rationalism of modern society. Beside the interpretative part, the study duscusses history and preception of the genre of television opera in Czechoslovakia from early 60s to 1989. Two concepts of the production of television opera are introduced: first, a concept of television opera as a mediator of an existing operatic work, or as means of cultural education of "mass audience"; secondly, television opera is called to represent a new art form using specific television means. These concepts are found in texts by Czech music theorists and journalists of 60s, when the disputation about television opera in Czech journals culminated. A list of television operas produced by Czechoslovak television until 1989 is attached.
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Reception of Deconstruction in Recent Art Historiography
Grygarová, Dominika ; Kubík, Viktor (advisor) ; Rakušanová, Marie (referee)
The reception of deconstruction in recent art historiography The aim of the presented master thesis is to outline the reception of deconstruction in the contemporary art historiography and the introduction of its effects on the discipline of art history. The work deals with the term deconstruction in the sense of (1) the original philisophical and critical writing of Jacques Derrida, and (2) the method, which was implemented to literary studies at the end of the 70s and later on to other humanities, including the art history. First, theoretical part of the thesis introduces Derrida's thoughts, epistemology and the strategy of deconstruction. Second part reflects the epistemological changes a implementation of the deconstructive criticism into the art history. After imbedding the "deconstructive" current into the broader development of art history and reading of some methodological handbooks, we turn to concrete works of some art historians and their individual uses of the deconstructive implulses, namely Donald Preziosi, Norman Bryson, Michael Ann Holly, Keith Moxey, and to a lesser extend also W. J. T. Mitchell, Craig Owens, Rosalind Krauss, Stephen Melville, Donald Crimp, David Carrier and Victor Burgin. As opposed to the original derridian deconstruction, in its aplied form (art history,...
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Issues of Values of Education in Postmodern Society in the Early 21st Century
Šubová, Vendula ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor) ; Reichel, Jiří (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to outline the issues of current conception of values as moral standards in postmodern society and to identify the consequences of this conception for education. The thesis tries to analyze current pluralist society on the base of literature, which is relevant to given subject. The thesis deals with a question, if and under what conditions is possible to determine socially valid values and if is possible to integrate them into the process of education. The text is divided into two chapters, the first of them deals with issues of postmodern society, pluralism and philosophical deconstruction and tries to indicate relations with education. The second chapter is focused on the problem of values, current educational objectives and the last part of this chapter is focused on the authority of education in current society. Key words: Value, education, value of education, postmodern, postmodernism, plurality, pluralism, deconstruction, educational objects, knowledge, philosophy.
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Postmodernism in British and American comics : postmodernist overtones in the works of Alan Moore and Grant Morrison
Holub, Martin ; Ženíšek, Jakub (advisor) ; Chalupský, Petr (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the examination and analysis of postmodernist overtones in the medium of comics. It is concerned both with the postmodernist content in comics, and comics' possibilities and attributes as a postmodernist medium. The first part of the thesis elaborates on sequential art in general and the essential elements of postmodernism, such as deconstruction, metafiction, and intertextuality, within its context. The second part of the thesis is concerned with selected postmodernist works of prominent comicbook authors: Alan Moore and Grant Morrison. Key words Comics, comicbook, graphic novel, postmodernism, metafiction, intertextuality, continuum, narration, binary oppositions, deconstruction, superhero, author, creation, Watchmen, Animal Man
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How to think Architecture in a new way. Late though of Peter Eisenman and his critical theory of architecture
Tourek, Jiří ; Říha, Cyril (advisor) ; Pětová, Marie (referee) ; Zervan, Marian (referee)
Dissertation thesis "How to think Architecture in a new way. Late though of Peter Eisenman and his critical theory of architecture" tries to summarise and analyse the key thoughts of architect and thinker Peter Eisenman in his late oeuvre. The point of departure of his theoretical thinking seems to be refusal of any timeless essence of architecture and a will to "dislocate" architecture from influence of metaphysics. The way to this is "criticality", a notion constituted with three basic terms: interiority (the interiority of architecture defines the discipline, what it is that makes architecture singular), exteriority (external concepts that change architecture by being internalised into the discipline and changing it) and anteriority (anteriority is the sedimented history of architecture; history of interiority). These three terms are according to Eisenman connected in a notion of "undecidability" that serves as a central criterium to criticality and in a "diagram" that is a mean to overcome metaphysical implications of architecture. At the end of the thesis there is a summary of Eisenman's theoretical work and its importance and an attempt is made to set so conceived whole in its entirety to the thought of "end of metaphysics". In this context is Eisenman seen to be in a position similar from...
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Martin McDonagh: The Pillowman
Kuchařová, Mariana ; TEMPÍR, Nikola (advisor) ; GLOGR, Karel (referee)
In the second half of the twentieth century, the idea begins to emerge that modern times are overcome and postmodernism begins to form. This idea gradually expanded into architecture, literature, film and fine arts. We can find recurring principles when examining individual artistic categories. This diploma thesis deals with the search and naming of some of these postmodern principles and examines their potential use in stage design.
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Read the text as a myth (contribution to hermeneutics and interpretation of the myth)
Nikl, Lukáš ; Lukeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
In my diploma work "Read the text as a myth (contribution to hermeneutics and the interpretation of the myth)" I pay attention to the issues of perceiving a text in communion. I worked on the assumption based on theories of deconstruction, poststructuralism, and collective memory. I take into consideration theories of media that are connected with M. McLuhan or W. J. Ong. I deal with the theory of the new orality and methods of the myth perception. The way of writing, I use, is based on the concentration of touches on different approaches of thinkers that I paid attention to. I aim to show, how we read the text, how we orient in narratives, what is the function of myths and how the issues are connected with the communion. Without communion, it is almost impossible to imagine, how these processes take place. I put emphasis on the dynamicity of the shifts of the discoursive perception of the text.
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