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Motivation of volunteers in retirement homes in Prague
Míčková, Adéla ; Šťastná, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Dragomirecká, Eva (referee)
Volunteers are an important part of everyday life in homes for the elderly. The aim of this thesis is to determine how the volunteers are appreciated, as are volunteers motivated and what is the feedback to their activities. The thesis also mentions the causes that may lead to the eventual termination of volunteering. The theoretical part deals with seniors as a social group, which is an important part of our society. It further explains the concepts related to volunteering and defines prosocial behavior. Another important term, which the thesis explaines is motivation. The term "motivation" is later used in the relation to volunteering. The research is based on interviews with volunteers from selected homes, specifically in Prague. These interviews are then analyzed, with particular emphasis on what lead volunteers to their activity and what are the important things that persuade them to volunteer in the future. Furthermore there are mentionednegative aspects of volunteering. Finally, there are analyzed factors that have an impact on volunteering activities. Finally, the work follows necessities that must be done to improve the quality of the volunteer program by workers as well as by volunteers.
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The Motivation for Volunteering in the secondary prevention
Hnízdová, Lucie ; Krykorková, Hana (advisor) ; Lorenzová, Jitka (referee)
This thesis "The motivation for volunteering in the program of secondary prevention" is conceived as theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part of thesis aims to identify the motives leading to the decision to participate in voluntary activities and what motivates volunteers in its execution. It deals with the basic concepts of volunteering, its historical background and with the analysis of the psychological aspects of motivation for voluntary activity, which is seen as a manifestation of altruism and prosocial behavior. It tries to find the reason that may cause underdevelopment of volunteering while offering possible solutions, which can help to overcome the outlined barriers. Consequently, acquaints readers with a preventive program Five P. Base of empirical part consists of empirical investigation. The aim is to find techniques to reveal the personality characteristics of volunteers in Five P program. In conclusion, author examines the use of acquired knowledge in practice. Keywords motivation, volunteering, volunteer, altruism, secondary prevention program
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Altruistic behavior and its connection with economic climate
Šarapatka, Jan ; Hlaváček, Jiří (advisor) ; Jašová, Martina (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to research and summarize the main thoughts of altruism. The thesis concludes that human expression of altruistic behavior is a result of many incentives, which author of the thesis suggests to split in external and internal motives. The thesis justifies view that altruistic behavior can be, except few exceptions, considered as rational. The thesis proves statement that neither CSR nor altruism of state can be considered to be altruistic in the true meaning. At the end, a new version of definition of altruism is suggested. The new version adds an extra condition of selflessness. Thus, the new version does not consider behavior motivated by cold economic calculus or pure reciprocity to be altruistic, even though it often might appear to be altruistic at a first glance. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Ethical issues of assisted reproduction with emphasis cryopreservation methods
Zajíčková, Markéta ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Křepelka, Petr (referee) ; Teplá, Olga (referee)
Human infertility is not a new phenomenon, but it is as old as humanity itself. Currently in most developed countries, the number of couples who have a problem with childbearing is growing. This is due, among other things, to the lifestyle associated with career development and postponement of parenthood. While in the past infertile couples usually had only two options to deal with their sterility - childlessness and a substitute life program, or adopting a child. Today, infertile couples have a third option and this is the treatment of infertility using assisted reproduction methods. This year, exactly forty years have elapsed since the birth of the first child by means of extracorporeal fertilization. Already then the assisted reproduction was considered a method that is ethically problematic. Numerous specialists, such as physicians, biologists, lawyers, philosophers, theologians, and others, have been involved in the quest for ethical issues. Not only there has been no solution to some problems during the whole lifetime of assisted reproduction on which most experts and the general public would agree, but with the gradual development of this treatment method new problems have arisen. Today's stage of development of artificial insemination techniques and procedures together with modern...
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Ethics of Philanthropy
Kroupa, Jan ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Pospíšilová, Tereza (referee) ; Hyánek, Vladimír (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Humanities Applied Ethics Ethics of Philanthropy Annotation of Doctoral Thesis Mgr. Jan Kroupa Supervised by: prof. PhDr. Jan Sokol, CSc., Ph.D. 2020 ANNOTATION The increase in private wealth in our cultural circuits has been unprecedented which fosters growth in private philanthropy. Charitable giving has been on a rise throughout the western world, including the Czech Republic, where we can document long-term and steady growth in both the number of charitable gifts as well as in the amount donated. In parallel, on the beneficiary side, there is a stabilized sector of well-established civic organizations covering the standard array of charitable topics. We may state that following 1989, the Czech civic sector has been revived, showing - despite all challenges - most signs of healthy maturing. In this paper, we attempted to capture the cultural and social context of philanthropy from the point of view of practical philosophy. We examined the rich roots of philanthropy and described the processes of its institutionalization until now. We paid special attention to describing the current situation of philanthropic giving in the Czech Republic. On basis of the above, we debated some of the dilemmatic questions of today's philanthropy, such as selecting the beneficiary and donor...
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Egoism - the ethical concept of today
Macko, Milan ; Sousedík, Prokop (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
This thesis deals with the current egoistic nature of man. The first part of the paper will describe the historical background and the rise of empirical science and will point out the newly emerging cultural paradigm which has influenced the whole value system and general development of today's society. This will be followed up by the description of an individual phenomena that guides the acceptance of social principles actively pursued within our society these days. Parsing of individual factors using the method of analysis and synthesis will allow us to approach the very phenomenon of egoism from a wider perspective. The focus of this paper is to attempt to answer whether man's dependency on today's society leads to the development of egoistic characteristic in a person. The paper will also attempt, using philosophical and theological reflection and modern science, to find an outline for a solution that would be beneficial to the advancement of an altruistic profile of civilization. Keywords Jesus, Plato, Sokrates, the good, egoism, emphaty, philosophy, genetics, intelligence, values, conformity, consumer society, power, science
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Effect of cognitive dissonance on altruistic behavior in nonprofit sector
Tížková, Tereza ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Klimeš, David (referee)
The field of behavioral economics has been developing rapidly a during the recent period. This sphere of economics operates with cognitive biases, heuristics and other factors influencing human judgements and provoking the decisions commonly referred to as irrational. The phenomena affecting human mind when making decisions under uncertainty include the so- called cognitive dissonance, an unpleasant obnoxious state of conflict, usually between our inner values and the acts we make. Humans, even though often unconsciously, aim to mitigate the dissonance feeling, usually without being able to address the phenomenon. In the empirical part of this paper, random sample of subjects was manipulated to face the threat of cognitive dissonance in two experiment Modifications, and to experience the dissonance straightaway in the case of the third Modification. Subsequently, the effect on respondents' helping behaviour was measured. Analysis of the resulting dataset then revealed an interesting, statistically significant relationship between creating a positive self-image (or also distorting it) and acting altruistically afterwards. The research results are applicable in profit or non-profit sector communications. The initial objective here was, above all, making the marketing strategies more efficient in the fields of...
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Ethics in social services: Involvement of peer consultants in social services for people with mental illness
Balková, Miluše ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Hradcová, Dana (referee) ; Páv, Marek (referee)
Involvement of people with experience of disease as a peer consultant in social and health services is a new phenomenon in the care of people with mental illness. The way the peer consultant works and his involvement in the team of experts is related to the different ethical contexts and aspects that each organization must prepare if it wants to implement this position. The experience of peer consultants is also a testimony of the status of people with mental illness in society, stigmatization and the need to help people in a similar situation. Klíčová slova illness, mental, care, psychiatric, altruism, solidarity, society, belonging, ethics, services, social, health, helping, sharing
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The factors influencing the willingness to provide first aid as an example of prosocial behavior
Havlová, Andrea ; Kuba, Radim (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Radka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with issues of prosocial behavior and altruism. To help another person is the purpose of prosocial behavior. Altruism is closely connected with prosocial behavior. Organism often performs altruistic aid at the expense of itself. The importance of prosocial behavior is shown in the model of first aid delivery. The following chapters summarize basic information about laic first aid and its effect on survival chain of disabled person focusing on factors which can influence the first aid delivery. The main purpose of this thesis is to create a review of original research regarding the given topic and a comprehensive overview of the mentioned factors. Human behavior in given situations can be influenced by many different phenomenons. The most common effects are the effect of onlookers, kinship or emotional attachment to the injured person, knowledge of proper first aid procedures, the degree of stress and the age of the rescuer. The most important factor is the presence of danger which, in evolutionary terms, relate to the disgust dimension associated with fear of being injured or infected with an infectious disease and related decreasing of biological fitness of individual.
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Support of prosocial behaviour of children with special needs and behavioural problems at afterschool clubs
Truksa, Lukáš ; Bendl, Stanislav (advisor) ; Syřiště, Ivo (referee)
TITLE: Development and promotion of prosocial behavior in children with special needs in the after school childcare AUTHOR: Lukáš Truksa DEPARTMENT: Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze. SUPERVISOR: prof. PaedDr. Stanislav Bendl, PhD. ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with prosocial behavior, the circumstances of its occurrence in children of primary school for children with special educational needs. It is a description of the term of prosocial behavior and briefly shows the history of the education of children with disabilities. The work also describes the school environment of the above-mentioned school, the types of handicap of individual children and describes the situations during which prosocial behavior occurs. In the end, the author tries to combine the findings of prosocial behavior and the history of children's education with their own experience and observation. It presents here its view of the factors that lead to prosocial behavior. KEYWORDS: prosocial behavior, children, special needs, after school childcare
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