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Dopady urbanizace na socioekonomický rozvoj v Ghaně
Hladíková, Sabina
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze the development of urbanization as a process of concentration of population in cities, and to identify its impact on development in Ghana focusing on the socio-economic dimensions of development. The first part focuses on the general characteristics of urbanization, its types and stages, causes, positives and negatives, as well as the global development of migration to the cities, and the situation in West Africa. The second part deals with the development of urbanization and the current situation in Ghana, and identification of its impact on socio-economic development. The analysis and its results are then discussed together with recommendations at the end.
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Analýza střetů využívání údolní nivy malých vodních toků v urbánním prostředí
SCHWARZOVÁ, Šárka
This bachelor thesis sums up an overview of the current findings regarding floodplains and their usage. The pilot study focuses on the delimitation of floodplains of the right tributaries of the Vltava river on the territory of České Budějovice, alongside with the monitoring of the hydromorfological indicators of ecological guality of the Vrátecký stream. The thesis gives a description of the encounters between the functions and the current state of the floodplains' utilization. The thesis also contains a project proposal for terrain monitoring of the remaining tributaries of the Vltava river - the Dobrovodský stream, the Rudolfovský stream and the Hodějovický stream.
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Long-term population trends in urban birds in Europe and Czechia
Grünwald, Jan ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
Urbanization ranks among the most important processes induced by the human civilization that affects ecological communities at the same time. Birds are the most frequently studied organisms in relation to urbanization. Different birds' species show different abilities to adapt to urban areas, so urbanization works as an environmental filter. As urban environment undergoes extraordinarily high rate of change, the characteristics of the environmental filter are changing rapidly, too. This could influence populations of urban bird species. We can expect that the population change of the species will be related to the time since urbanization; specifically, the early urban colonizers will decline due to alteration of urban environment, while the recent urban colonizers will increase. I obtained data on population trends from 2000 to 2016 for 95 common urban bird species in 16 European countries. Thanks to the cooperation with local expert ornithologists, I collected the data about the time since urbanization of these species in respective countries and I related these two variables filtering out the influence of 9 other species-specific ecological characteristics. Bird population trends had a statistically significant relation to the time since urbanization: the species that became urbanized earlier...
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Extreme hydrological events in the context of urban planning
Klimeš, Zdeněk ; Dráb, Aleš (referee) ; Duchan, David (advisor)
The purpose of the bachelor thesis was to describe known extreme hydrological events and potential attitudes to minimalize their negative impacts. The thesis was written as literature recherche from different points of view, not only from a one-sided technical or ecological point. It proceeds systematically from describing the historical evolution of the subject matter through the presentation of global ecological problems, outlining the legislative background and the findings from specialised literature, to the examples of current trends. In view of the fact that the issue is so broad, the thesis treats only certain parts in detail. The subject of interest is the demonstration of separate measures against floods and droughts and the effects of their synergy concerning the minimalization of the repercussions of extreme hydrological events.
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Slums as a result of urbanization of poverty in Africa
Černá, Karolína ; Sládek, Jan (advisor) ; Duffková, Jana (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of slums in Africa with a focus on its eastern region. First part presents information on the fundamental aspects of this issue in theory line, when primarily uses foreign publications. It specifically focuses on the influence of post- colonialism, the process of urbanization and the incidence of slums. Second part illustrates the situation on the example of slums in Nairobi and Addis Ababa. Its main purpose is to show the quality of life of local population. Analysis is performed by the three studies; one refers to Nairobi and two Addis Ababa. It also seeks to answer the research questions that are listed at the beginning of this part. Overall results suggest that local people live in very poor conditions which do not provide adequate housing, access to infrastructures and education, and the unemployment rate is very high. Keywords Urbanization, poverty, slums, inequality, capital
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Diskontinuity of urbanization process in post-war China - Urbanization policies of People's Republic of China in respect of reform changes in 1970's
Bolchová, Jitka ; Sýkora, Jan (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
Thesis deals with urbanization policies of People's Republic of China during period from the end of civil war in 1949 till nowadays. It focuses in particular on the impact of reforms in the 70s of the 20th century. During the rule of Mao Zedong before the Great Leap Forward, the urbanization process in China is present as a side effect of central policies, rather than as a result of targeted pro-urbanization policies. Period of the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution on one hand are characterized by massive industrialization, on the other, however by suppression of any urbanization processes. Furthermore, there is a central government-controlled migration of population from cities to the countryside through the Hukou system. Following the reforms in the 70s of the 20th century China opens to the outside world. It leads to a radical change of direction towards a socialist market economy. The main changes include a focus on economic prosperity and de-ideologization policy, China has opened to the Western world. Soon the positive effects of urbanization on economic prosperity and growth emerges. Urbanization is from now on supported through various central polices. One of the mechanisms leading to massive urbanization and consequently to economic growth is the release of the informal labor...
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The effect of urbanization on life-history strategies in birds
Houšková, Karolína ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Poláková, Simona (referee)
Urbanisation process is recently a wide-spread process that causes high-impact environmental transformation. Habitats affected by urbanization tend to change substantially and ongoing changes influence organisms living in this environment. Urban environment modifies many abiotic conditions (e.g. temperature, artificial light and noise) and biotic factors (e.g. food supply, parasite prevalence, predation pressure) in comparison to natural habitats. In this manner, especially urban bird populations have recently gained broad attention by an increasing number of ecologists. Urban avoiders - typically sensitive and specialized bird species often vanish from urbanized landscapes. However, many bird species were able to colonize urban environment and coexist successfully with man. Populations of birds living in such a new type of environment show many characteristics different from populations living in original habitats. The objective of this work is to review current studies about changes of life strategies in urban bird populations such as modifications of acoustic signals, differences in reproductive and food ecology and physiological or behavioural responses.
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Transformation of urban settlements in Syria and Palestine in Hellenistic period
Havlík, Jakub ; Stančo, Ladislav (advisor) ; Pavúk, Peter (referee)
The aim of my thesis is to describe the urban space in Syria and Palestine and how it was transformed during the early Hellenistic period. The time frame is set by the reign of Alexander the Great, who marched into the area in 333 BCE, and by the unification of the whole territory under the rule of Seleucids in the time of Antiochus III. in 200 BCE. Firstly I will examine the geography of the area, its specifics and impact to the settlement. Following this is an historical overview in which I discuss the progress of the area and the Hellenistic colonization in this period. In the second half of my thesis I study the archaeological situation. I go on to define the settlement in Syria and Palestine in the end of the Persian period, with particular reference to regional differences. Next I observe aspects of the transformations of the urban settlement that began at the turn of the third and fourth century BCE. This was when the territory was divided between Seleucids in the North and Ptolemies in the South. I also define the urban space of the Hellenistic period in Syria and Palestine and its specifics. In particular I focus on the differences between the North and the South of the observed territory.
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Impact of urbanization on streams habitat quality
Stádníková, Monika ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Králová, Magdalena (referee)
Increased impervious cover associated with urbanization alters the natural cycling of water. Changes in the shape and size of urban streams, followed by decreased water quality, are the most visible effects of increased imperviousness. Greater frequency and severity of flooding, channel erosion and destruction of aquatic habitat commonly follow watershed urbanization. Alterations in the aquatic environment associated with these hydrological changes greatly compromise the normal functioning of waterways.
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