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Postavení a rehabilitace dětských vojáků: případová studie Barmy
Kolocová, Tereza
Despite progress in the protection of human rights, child soldiers continue to be a problem in many countries around the world. One of the worst cases of child recruitment occurs in Burma, where this phenomenon has been ongoing for four decades, and children are recruited into both the official army Tatmadaw and ethnic armed groups. The bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of child soldiers within the Burmese Tatmadaw armed forces from 1989 to the present day and examines the potential for their rehabilitation. Using established methods of disarmament, demobilization, and rehabilitation of former African child soldiers, the thesis identifies the barriers to the successful rehabilitation of former child soldiers. The analysis demonstrates that the obstacles to successful rehabilitation are the Burmese authorities, who have long ignored the problem of child soldiers and restricted access to organizations that could provide assistance, as well as inadequate education and healthcare services, and the ongoing armed conflict. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programs (DDR) that have helped rehabilitate former child soldiers worldwide could only be successful in Burma if the government were willing to collaborate with international organizations on the process of implementation. However, it has not happened yet.
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Attempted secessions in Myanmar: case studies of Karen and Shan states (1948 - 2015)
Dembický, Filip ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
Master diploma thesis deals with the potential secessionist attempts in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Thesis is divided into several parts: introduction, theoretical part, practical part and conclusion. In the introduction of the thesis the research question is stated: Is it possible to justify the secessionist attempts in the Karen and the Shan State by the theory of the remedial secession? Theoretical part consists of two chapters. The first chapter explains the concepts of the secession, the sovereignty and the quasi-state. The concept of the normative theories of secession is described. The remedial theory of secession elaborated by American political philosopher Allen Buchanan is introduced in this chapter. Buchanan's remedial theory criteria are applied in the practical part of the research. The second chapter of the theoretical part depicts the constitutional and political history of the independent state of Burma/Myanmar since year 1948 when the state had been created until the year 2015 when Nationwide Ceasefire Act of 2015 between the Burmese federal government and the ethnic armed organizations was signed. This chapter serves as a background for diachronic comparison of three subdivisions of Burmese constitutional and political history. Those subdivisions are: the first era (1947...
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Jurisdiction over international crimes and the Rohingya case
Malina, Václav ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Honusková, Věra (referee)
Jurisdiction over international crimes and the Rohingya case Abstract This thesis discusses the situation of the Rohingya minority in Myanmar in relation to two court cases that have been initiated in recent years before the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice. The thesis examines whether the elements of the crime of genocide and selected crimes against humanity, i.e. crimes of deportation, persecution and other inhumane acts, have been fulfilled. After summarizing the historical development of modern Myanmar and the position of the Rohingya in Myanmar society, the thesis identifies the individual elements of the selected crimes under international law, which were chosen for the thesis based on the aforementioned ongoing proceedings. Furthermore, the author evaluates the previous decisions of the two judicial institutions and comments upon them on the basis of secondary literature. The question of state responsibility for breaches of obligations under international law and the position of victims in international criminal proceedings are also approached in relation to the Rohingya cases. In the final chapter of the thesis, the author not only assesses the chances of success for both prosecutors and victims, but also looks for the relevance of international (criminal) law in...
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The European Union as a Foreign Policy Actor on the Sanctions Scene: The Case of Burma
Růžičková, Jana ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hyniová, Andrea (referee)
In connection with its foreign policy, the European Union was until 2003 often seen as an actor lacking basically any "hard" power and it was often labeled as a "normative" power, "civilian" power etc. However, a group of scholars led by Ian Manners has been claiming that in connection with the adoption of the European Security Strategy in December 2003 the EU has lost its "soft" characteristics and has moved closer towards a traditional military actor. The master thesis deals with this issue of the alleged militarization of the Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) after 2003/2004 while focusing on one particular area of the CFSP - the policy of restrictive measures or sanctions. This area is unique because of its special characteristic: on one hand, sanctions as such represent a "hard", coercive foreign policy tool and on the other, the EU has been autonomously using them already since the 1980s. The question therefore is what the frequent use of sanctions implies about the character of the EU and whether does the policy of restrictive measures stand, as a matter of principle, in opposition to being a "soft" power. By means of discourse analysis of the official EU sanction documents and by using the case of Burma (which represents a "typical case"), the thesis attempts to demonstrate,...
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Pivot to Asia: Case Study of American Democracy Promotion in Myanmar, 2011 - 2016
Grmelová, Lucie ; Kucer, Maxim (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
Promotion of democracy, a traditional tool of American foreign policy, was used also during Barack Obama's presidency through open dialogues and mutual cooperation also with non- democratic nations. The United States during Obama's administration renewed and connected diplomatic relations with countries that were overlooked by previous American administrations. This thesis is focusing on the foreign policy concept during Obama's second term, namely Pivot to Asia. Support of universal values and democracy was one of the central pillars of this policy. The main goal of this thesis is to argue if concentrated American presence and activity in 2011-2016 in Southeast Asia either supported democratic growth or led to democratic backsliding in the region. Specifically, Myanmar had gone through major political transformation since 2011. Ruling junta implemented reforms that opened up space for democratic opposition in the country and reduced sanctions and the policy of isolation from many Western states. Changes within Myanmar government in 2011-2016, American policy towards Myanmar, and normalization of American-Myanmar relations are three examples used in this case study that provides concrete approaches of American administration within Pivot to Asia.
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The EU's response to the discrimination of the Rohingya in Burma since 2011
Božinovová, Alexandra ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bruner, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to find out the European Union's position on the discrimination of Rohingya in Burma since 2011. Over the years the country has initiated a number of reforms, transformed its political system and held first democratic elections. Since Burma has undergone considerable changes, the European Union first eased and then lifted almost all sanctions in 2013. The most pressing issue still facing Burma is the violations of human rights, especially in the case of Rohingya minority. Methodologically, the study is anchored by content textual analysis which was applied to a wide range of documents from which data was obtained for the analytical part of the study. The theoretical basis of the thesis is agenda-setting and salience. These theories were used to identify two hypotheses that examine the EU's position on the Rohingya crisis on the Unions agenda and its salience. Research has shown that the Parliament and the EEAS are paying the greatest attention. On the contrary, the Council and DEVCO spend less time on the issue. Despite all of the Union's efforts and the financial, human and material assistance provided, the situation has not improved and the Rohingya still face human rights abuses and are not full citizens of Burma.
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Analyzing the Effects of Ethnicity on Internal Armed Conflicts in Burma: Identity Crisis and the Struggle for Recognition
Nyunt, Myo Win ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Tesař, Jakub (referee)
While it is a widely accepted argument that ethnicity and armed conflicts are inextricably linked, there is little understating regarding in which conditions and how exactly ethnicity affects armed conflicts, which this thesis aims to explain through a qualitative case study on Burma, a Southeast Asian nation where what is known as ethnic armed organizations and the national armed forces of Burma-the Tatmadaw-have been at war since Burma got independence from Britain in 1948. While ethnicity can turn into a source of conflict in certain situations, ethnic differences per se are not the cause of conflict. However, ethnicity and ethnic groups can produce negative effects in certain situations. As the main research question, this study asks: In which conditions and how 'ethnicity' produce adverse effects that fuel armed conflicts? In addition to the main research question, this study will test three hypotheses in relation of the main research question to get a clear picture of the adverse effects of ethnicity on armed conflicts. The study concludes by discussing research findings and questions for further research in the area of ethnic armed conflict. Klíčová slova: Ethnicity, Armed Conflict, Recognition, Identity Crisis, Burma/Myanmar
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Media Bias and Framing Analysis of Local Media and Foreign Based Media coverage on the case of " Rohingya: Gambia files case against Myanmar at International Court of Justice"
Soe, Phoo Pyae Pyae Soe ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Vochocová, Lenka (referee)
This study offers the framing analysis of local and foreign-based media on the coverage of "Rohingya: Gambia files case against Myanmar at ICJ" for over nine months period and examines the bias in their new contents and attention to the case. Evaluation of the number of coverage published by each media shows that local media do not pay as much attention as foreign-based media, and undermines the seriousness of the issue. Moreover, the finding highlights that the news representation of local media is evidently in favor of the Myanmar government in support of iconic national leader - Aung San Suu Kyi while abetting in covering up the violent action of the Myanmar military. Findings also suggest that foreign- based media covered the case most with genocide frame whereas self-defense frame was the most popular one in the coverage of local media. This study employed comparative content analysis to detect the bias and observe the different framings of media. Keywords: Bias, Frames, media frames, Framing theory, Myanmar, Rakhine, Bangladesh.
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Is international influence guilty of Myanmar's instability?
Haro Vilatersana, Miquel ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
' š P a g e | 1 P a g e | 2 ' ' 's P a g e | 3 ……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… P a g e | 4 Master's Thesis Proposal š 's The aim of this work is to evaluate whether or not the common knowledge prompt that the international arena is at fault for most destabilizations of countries with a geopolitical interest is true in this case. 's 's P a g e | 5 ' ' ' Yonghong, D., & Hongchao, L. (2020). Rivalry and Cooperation: A New "Great Game" in SUN, Yun (2012), China's Strategic Misjudgement on Myanmar, in: Journal of Current - P a g e | 6 ' P a g e | 7 on their society's well that prevent the country's consolidation, the P a g e | 8 ' Myanmar as a state has seen its importance rise in the general public's scope because the mass media echoed widely the latest coup by it's own national military: " Myanmar's elected leaders, including de facto head of state Aung San Suu Kyi and members " P a g e | 9 favour their ethnic in detriment of others, and made their power so prominent...
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Czech and US Democracy Assistance: Case Study of Myanmar
Grmelová, Lucie ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
Democracy assistance aims to encourage democratization process or solidify already existing democratic system in a foreign country. The strategy that should accomplish such goal differs according to donor country. Similarly, there are differences between Czech and American democracy assistance approaches. Diploma thesis Czech and American democracy assistance: the case study of Myanmar examines contrasts between Czech and American democracy promotion in Myanmar within the period of major political changes. The Asian country underwent transformation starting in 2011 when military junta passed several reforms, opened up a dialog with political opposition and arranged partly free parliamentary elections in 2015. The thesis focuses on Czech and American assistance and its evolution from the prerevolution period starting in 2007, through the peak of reform changes, up to NLD winning the majority of parliamentary seats and their governance in 2018. Czech democracy assistance appears to be characterized by their focus on civil society activization and bottom-up approach. On the contrary, the United States stress more than Czech assistance projects marked with political approach, thus securing free and fair election processes and other functioning democratic institutions. The case study of Myanmar and...
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