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Multilateralism in Mali. The French presidential discourse 2012-2022
Holotová, Olga ; Tomalová, Eliška (advisor) ; Weiss, Tomáš (referee)
1 Abstract This master's thesis examines the stance of two French presidents towards a multilateral solution to the Malian crisis between 2012 and 2022. Specifically, it examines the presidential term of François Hollande and the first presidential term of Emmanuel Macron. This corresponds to the culmination of the Malian crisis, followed by the launch of Operation Serval, and the decision to withdraw French troops from Mali. The research focuses on presidential discourse in the form of 46 selected presidential speeches related to African policy towards Mali. Based on the characteristics of the French political system, the French president is a key actor in foreign policy, and his discourse therefore represents a relevant resource for examining the French stance towards multilateral cooperation in resolving the Malian crisis and the French position in its framework. From a methodological point of view, the thesis is a case study consisting of two cases of the two presidential terms mentioned above. Both presidential discourses are analysed using the method of critical discourse analysis. By identifying the key discursive elements referring to unilateral or multilateral perceptions of the French presence in Mali, the thesis defines the prevailing framework of the discourse of the two presidents and thus also...
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Population development in countries with the highest population growth rate
Janovský, Jan ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Population development in countries with the highest population growth rate Abstract The bachelor thesis focuses on the population development of the countries with the highest population growth rate in the period 1990-2020. The thesis aims to evaluate the population development of the countries with the highest population growth rate. For the selection of countries, an indicator of the crude rate of natural change of population is used, which excludes the influence of migration on population growth. One of the main goals of the work is, based on research, to find the factors that influence the population growth rate, and then evaluate the influence of these factors on selected countries. For the purpose of this work, the states of Mali and Niger were chosen, which rank among the countries with the highest population growth rate. The analytical part is based on data from the United Nations and the Demographic and Health Surveys. The results of this work confirm the third phase of the demographic transition in Mali and Niger, thus confirming the continuation of the reduction of fertility in these countries. According to the analysis of factors affecting total fertility rate, significant differences in the education and wealth of families were found, which were significantly reflected in the demographic...
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In between peacebuilding and counterterrorism. Critical evaluation of external interventionism in Mali in the context of lessons learned from Afghanistan
Anton, Lea Sophie ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
Bibliographic note Anton, L. S. (2021). In between peacebuilding and counterterrorism. Critical evaluation of external interventionism in Mali in the context of lessons learned from Afghanistan. [Unpublished master's thesis]. Charles University. Abstract This thesis is concerned with the core question of how to promote sustainable stability and peace through interventions in Mali. To limit the scope, the actors focused on are limited to the UN and EU. To answer the question, the learnings and insights form the intervention in Afghanistan are elaborated and applied to Mali to improve future intervention design. A small-n case study approach has been chosen to provide a thorough analysis of the development of peace and stability in each country. A Key Performance Indicators (KPI) based meta data analysis has been applied considering different theories of peace as well as stability. For the data relevant reports and indices are used. The analysis demonstrates that even though temporary and small-scale military goals are achieved over the duration of interventions, no sustainable or efficient progress towards peace and stability could be observed. Consequently, policies need to be adapted. Established hypotheses could be proven throughout the thesis. After the analysis, the international engagement in...
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French counterinsurgency: case study of Mali
Strnad, Jan ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis is dedicated to French intervention in Mali between the years 2013 and 2022. Insurgency in Mali led to the deployment of French forces in Operation Serval from 2013 to 2014. However, because of the unstable situation was French presence in Mali prolonged, and Operation Serval was succeeded by Operation Barkhane. In this case is tested claim of a group of authors that French counterinsurgency became similar to the US counterinsurgency after their cooperation in Afghanistan. In order to answer the research question Has French counterinsurgency become similar to the US counterinsurgency? by proving/disproving settled hypothesis are conducted qualitative analyses of Operations Serval and Barkhane. The theoretical framework is provided by the concept of Counterinsurgency's Impossible Trilemma by Lorenzo Zambernardi. The results of both analyses and thus the overall result is disproval of the hypothesis because the French nature of counterinsurgency has not changed, however, the writing of current French doctrine was inspired by the US counterinsurgency doctrine.
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Media analysis as an Early Warning System tool - the case of Mali
Kopečný, Tomáš ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of Early Warning Systems (EWS), a key part of conflict prevention. It applies a model of quantitative analysis of international media outputs on the case of the Mali insurgency in January 2012. As an EWS tool, it analyzes international media represented by the major global press agencies. The main goal of the thesis is to answer the following research question: Did the international media manage to anticipate the outbreak of the conflict in Mali? The answer should also show whether international media can detect growing tensions leading to a conflict and therefore whether they could be used as an EWS tool. The application of the model should, observing the period from August 2011 to the beginning of the insurgency on January 17, 2012, prove whether the conflict could have been anticipated. In order to contextualize the model, structural factors of instability were identified in the discussion of the dynamics of the conflict that has been repeating itself for dozens of years. A discourse analysis of international media during the observed period was also presented on the background of the securitization theory of the Copenhagen school of security studies. The discourse analysis and the quantitative EWS model have both shown that international media have not...
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Application of E.Luttwak's and A.S.Niet's theories on interstate conflicts in Rwand and Mali
Navara, Daniel ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
Topic of my bachelor thesis will be apply the theories of E. Luttwak and A. Sanches Nieto on the internal conflicts in Mali and Rwanda. These theories are described in the articles "Give War a Chance" by Edward Luttwak and "Give War a Chance Revisited - The Price to Pay: The Military and Terrorism in Peru" by A. Sanchez Nieto. My work will deal with the application of two theories of these articles on case studies of internal political conflicts, namely in Mali and Rwanda. The difference between these theories can be seen in a positive or negative approach to intervention by external powers into conflict. They support their claims cases in history when the external powers the conflict dragged on, leaving it unsolved or conversely, bring conflict to the end and has raised nearly nationwide state of peace. Subsequently, I will compare both cases in the field of the human loss of life and the stability / instability of peace bequeathed after the end of the conflict. In conclusion, I will try to outline the possible cause conflicts when using the opposite theory solutions to civil wars than were actually implemented.
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Azawad: history and causes of an attempt to declare independent statehood
Čepičková, Lucie ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
This bachelor thesis "Azawad: history, causes of an attempt to declare independent statehood", analyses conflict in Mali, the roots of which go back to precolonial period. The aim of the first part is to describe the historical development of Mali and highlight situations that preceded the conflict between the Tuaregs and the Malian government which led to the attempt to declare an independent state of Azawad in 2013. However, geography of the territory of Mali played a great role, as evidenced Jeffrey Herbst's theory, which highlights the size of the state, population distribution and density of infrastructure. The second part is focused primarily on this theory and applies it to the area of Mali, which answers the question of whether Azawad would be a viable region purely in terms of geographical territory.
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Multiple Peace Operations in Mali
Novotný, František ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Ludvík, Zdeněk (referee)
In recent years, some scholars have turned their attention towards the problem of multiple simultaneous peace operations (MSPOs), but with little focus on state motivations for their initiation. This thesis examines the case of the conflict in Mali and the high amount of operations deployed there by different actors. It does so through an instrumental case study of the establishment of these operations and of the French role in this process. The thesis finds that France was at first eager to deal with the conflict by supporting regional actors, but with the crisis deteriorating, becoming ever more involved. Next to its own intervention, it led various international organizations to operate alongside it in order to share the conflict management burden while remaining critically influential and securing its goals. This approach allowed France to balance the interests of its domestic audience, western allies, as well as those of the governments in the region. Based on the analysis, the thesis suggests that the proclaimed logic of division of labor between different organizations deploying MSPOs might be a justification for primarily generating as much resources as available while reducing various kinds of costs, although without any explicit evidence for it being a conscious effort of using the...
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The Role of France and the USA in Battling Instability in Mali and Niger in the Years 2005-2014
Bakurevich, Aliaksei ; Čížek, Martin (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
The Sahel is one of the most unstable and underdeveloped region of the world. In Niger and Mali situation worsened after the year 2011 because of of the political vacuum, emerged after the overthrow of Gaddafi. Among basic problems of Mali and Niger, causing instability, can be named poverty, security troubles (uncontrolled extensive borders, terrorism), ethnic conflicts and misgovernance. This paper is concentrated on the US and French activities in solving those problems. The aim of the paper is thus defining of the basic problems causing instability of Niger and Mali, and analyse military and development aid aimed at solving those problems by the USA and France in years 2005-2014.
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