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The role of infection of HPV and EBV in the etiology of nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinoma
Machů, Jakub ; Vojtěchová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) and Epstein-Barr viruses (EBV) are common DNA viruses that contribute to the development and progression of tumours. These two groups of viruses are associated with more than 600,000 cases of newly diagnosed tumours of different anatomical locations annually. However, carcinogenesis is not a part of their normal productive life cycle. High risk HPV infections are mainly associated with head and neck tumours and anogenital cancers. EBV infections are associated with a range of acute or chronic diseases and tumours, with Burkitt's lymfomas (BL), Hodgkin's lymphomas (HL) and nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) being the most prominent. In recent years, it has been hypothesized that EBV infections may be involved in the development of cervical cancer in woman and that HPV infections may play a role in the development of NPC. The aim of this thesis is to characterize above mentioned groups of DNA viruses and to summarize currently available information about the potential role of these viruses in nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinomas. Key words: human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cervical carcinoma
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Influence of urbanization patterns on the escape behaviour of birds
Dontová, Alena ; Mikula, Peter (advisor) ; Brlík, Vojtěch (referee)
Urbanization, i.e., the anthropogenic transformation of natural habitats into urban areas, has significant impact on the biodiversity. One of the key factors for successful animal survival in urban environments is the increase in their tolerance towards humans manifested by their decreased shyness. One of the field methods for assessing the level of the shyness across different individuals, populations, and species of animals is measuring their flight initiation distance. In this thesis, I focus primarily on birds, as their responses have been most extensively studied. Previous studies focused on differences in escape behaviour among birds mainly between urban and rural areas, and focused mainly on Europe and North America. However, human settlements vary in their history, size, population density, and other characteristics. Therefore, the observed patterns in bird behaviour may not always be universally applicable across all cities. In this thesis, through a literature review, I summarize how the escape behaviour of birds differs not only between urban and rural environments but also depending on the characteristics of human settlements, such as their size, history, degree of urbanization, the density of the local human population and the ecoregion. I found that the most important characteristics are the...
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Electronic legal transactions with a focus on a simple electronic signature
Švejda, Jiří ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Zvára, Michael (referee)
Electronic legal transactions with a focus on simple electronic signatures Abstract The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter consists of an introduction. The second chapter presents the general regulation and the meaning of the signature with a brief historical background necessary to assess the possible applicability of earlier conclusions to the current legal regulation. The third chapter is devoted to the current regulation and individual types of electronic signatures, i.e. the division into qualified electronic signature, advanced electronic signature and simple electronic signature and the Czech specificity in the form of advanced electronic signature based on a qualified certificate for electronic signatures, commonly known as recognised electronic signature. The chapter also concludes with a discussion of biometric signature, which is increasingly used in practice. The fourth chapter deals with the written form of legal transactions, i.e. a detailed analysis of the Sections 561 and 562 of the Civil Code, including their interrelation. Furthermore, aspects of digital continuity in higher levels of electronic signatures and their comparison with simple electronic signature are discussed. In the last part of the chapter, different types of electronic contracts and the differences...
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Virus interaction with the cellular DNA damage response
Lemberková, Eva ; Šroller, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kadlečková, Dominika (referee)
Maintenance of genomic integrity is an essential mechanism for every cell. Genomic integrity is disturbed by diverse exogenous or endogenous effects influencing the cell and causing damage of its DNA. Cellular mechanisms capable of fixing these disturbances in structure or sequence are indispensable because damaged genetic information can later cause expression of damaged proteins or inaccurate segregation of chromosomes to daughter cells. Therefore, many effective mechanisms for fixing wide range of types of DNA damage have evolved. This thesis focuses mainly on the eucaryotic MRN complex, which plays an important role in detection and repair of double strand breaks. Many viral families try to block these cellular repair mechanisms because they are activated soon after viral infection. One of the reasons for their activation is the resemblance of some viral genomes to the cellular DNA with double strand breaks. Thus, in many cases, the cell ends up inhibiting the life cycle of the virus by attempting to repair viral genomes. However, there are viruses that use cellular repair mechanisms for the replication of their genome, making these mechanisms essential for their own growth. Key words: DNA damage response, homologous recombination, non-homologous end-joining, MRN complex, Adenoviridae,...
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Derivatives of boronic acids as potential drugs I.
Koucká, Kateřina ; Kučerová, Marta (advisor) ; Zitko, Jan (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Student: Kateřina Koucká Supervisor: PharmDr. Marta Kučerová, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Petr Šlechta Title of diploma thesis: Derivatives of boronic acids as potential drugs I. The thesis includes the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of boronic acid derivatives. These derivatives were prepared as hybrid compounds containing an amide linker, combining mainly pyrazinoic acids with 4-aminophenylboronic acid. Pyrazinamide is used as 1st line antituberculosis drug and 4-aminophenylboronic acid is a bioisoster of 4-aminobenzoic acid, which is a crucial precursor in the folate pathway. Bioisosteric replacement of the carboxylic group with boronic acid could afford the ability of the compounds to form a reversible covalent bond toward a potential biological target. The presented compounds were synthesized in a two-step reaction. The first step was the condensation of 4-aminophenylboronic acid pinacol ester with different derivatives of (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids, that underwent previous activation. The second step was the deprotection of boronic acid pinacol ester to obtain free boronic acids derivatives. The obtained compounds were screened for their in vitro...
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Molecular mechanisms of heat stress memory in plants
Zelená, Julie ; Hála, Michal (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
Global warming is one of the main factors contributing to the decline in crop yield and overall plant biodiversity. Increasing surface temperatures of the Earth result in heightened demands on plant to cope with heat stress. Heat stress causes various damages to plants, primarily denaturation of cellular proteins, loosening of biomembranes, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Plants cells defend against heat stress through lipid remodeling of membranes, increased production of ROS scavengers, and primarily increased production of heat shock proteins (HSP), which are molecular chaperons maintaining proteins properly folded even at temperatures that would otherwise cause denaturation. Plants have developed mechanism to cope with recurring heat stress, such as heat waves, that is referred to as acquired thermotolerance and is enabled by the plant's ability to undergo stress memory. Key to stress memory is priming, which involves preparing the plant for very strong heat stress by exposing it to milder heat stress beforehand. Following priming, there comes a memory period, that is also called recovery period, during which the cell maintains altered molecular expression and physiology. The mechanisms of heat stress memory are divided into transcriptional and post- transcriptional,...
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The role of the minor patient in the decision-making process regarding the provided health care
Šebková, Šárka ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Neugebauer, Jan (referee)
The bachelor's thesis entitled "The role of the minor patient in the decision-making process about the provided health care" deals with the issue of the rights of child patients and their respect. The work tries to outline the issue of providing health care to minor patients, its pitfalls and possible solutions to related problems. The aim of the work was to map the knowledge of minor patients in the area of their rights in the provision of health care and to evaluate their respect by health workers. The theoretical part of the thesis provides a basic overview of legal sources that regulate the role of minor patients in the provision of health care. This part of the work further outlines selected topics of the given issue from the point of view of valid legislation and points out possible pitfalls in practice. The empirical part presents the results of own work and their comparison with the results of other researches. The research method was a questionnaire of our own construction, which was distributed in the outpatient clinic of a general practitioner for children and adolescents. In the study itself were included 92 duly completed questionnaires. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that 72.83% of respondents think that they are given the opportunity to participate in decisions about...
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Functional movement disorders of the temporomandibular joint in women of working age
Nulíčková, Denisa ; Benešová, Lucie (advisor) ; Málková, Magdaléna (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Denisa Nulíčková Supervisor: Mgr. Lucie Benešová Title: Functional movement disorders of the temporomandibular joint in women of working age Abstract: The bachelor thesis deals with functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint in women of working age. The thesis is a diagnostic work. The main aim is to evaluate the most common functional changes and general common features of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction by means of extended kinesiological analysis. The sub-objective is to map the quality of life and the presence of stress factors in the patients' lives. The second sub-objective is to elaborate the proposal and goals of the physiotherapy intervention. The theoretical part, in addition to short chapters describing the anatomy and biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint, deals with functional temporomandibular disorders. It provides a comprehensive overview of their causes, symptomatology and relationship to other body structures. It also summarizes the consequences of excessive psychological stress in the context of these disorders and describes conservative methods of treatment. The practical part of the thesis consists of 5 case studies, which include detailed initial examinations. The standard kinesiological analysis is enriched with...
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Helminth-host interactions on hormonal level
Lukesová, Hedvika ; Mikeš, Libor (advisor) ; Horák, Petr (referee)
Interactions between helminths and their hosts at the hormonal level result from their biochemical coevolution. Host hormones play an important role in the life of many helminths, and helminths are able to exploit them in some cases. For example, by expressing their own analogous hormone receptors that bind host hormones. Alternatively, by influencing the levels of host hormones, as certain hormonal environments may be (dis)advantageous for the helminths. This is the case, for example, of male mice infected with Taenia crassiceps, which undergo feminization as a result of infection. Some helminths can produce their own specific factors that influence host physiology, behaviour or appearance and may be analogs (orthologs) of host hormones. An example is the plerocercoid growth factor produced by Diphyllobothrium mansonoides, which behaves very much like a growth hormone in the host, although it differs in its primary structure. Some hormonal interactions can affect both helminth reproduction and the reproduction of their hosts. Examples of host-specific hormones that have been shown to be produced by helminths include, e.g., the ecdysteroid hormones - ecdysone and ecdysterone. A full understanding of the hormonal interactions between helminths and their hosts may lead us to find new treatments for...
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A platform for creating and sharing interactive educational materials based on data from knowledge graphs
Matějík, Jakub ; Nečaský, Martin (advisor) ; Stenchlák, Štěpán (referee)
In this thesis, we will explore the possibilities of Solid technology and the use of Solid for application implementation. This application will be used to create mind maps and social networking for teachers and students. In order to do this, we will analyze the features of Solid for designing a social network application and its features and suitable use cases. Based on this analysis and user requirements, we will design the architecture along with the operations to make them convenient for the user. Next, we will learn about the concepts in Linked Data and analyze knowledge bases for use in our application. The result is implementing a proof-of-concept application that allows the intuitive creation of mind maps and their sharing within classes. 1
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