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Food composition and feeding selectivity of zooplankton
Lis, Jonáš ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Čablová, Radka (referee)
Zooplankton are an important link in the food web between phytoplankton and higher tro- phic levels, and understanding their feeding preferences is the key to unraveling the functions and dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. Current knowledge of zooplankton food composition is limited, consisting mainly of laboratory experiments that have revealed different hunting strategies and selection of prey based on size and nutritional value. Recently, publications have emerged that, through the use of DNA metabarcoding, provide a completely new and comprehensive insight into the diversity of zooplankton diet composition, especially copepods, cladocerans and rotifers. These methods reveal that the feeding niches of copepods and cladocerans are distinct and do not overlap. In general, both groups are said to prefer mainly diatoms as their food, when available. The food niches of rotifers are so diverse that no clear trend can be established for the entire phylum. Cyanobacteria appear to be the main source of energy for zooplankton and are proba- bly consumed by metazooplankton largely as secondary prey when consuming ciliates and other heterotrophic prey. Furthermore, differences in feeding niches between species are known and can be partly explained by their vertical distribution, and different levels of feeding...
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Practical aspects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation in patients with renal disease
Bělohlávková, Adéla ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
Vitamin D deficiency is typical of kidney disease, as are disorders of calcium- phosphate metabolism. Supplementation of native vitamin D and the resulting correction of calcemia values could contribute to improving the health status of these patients, even though native vitamin D has been considered ineffective in patients with more severe kidney disease. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of native vitamin D supplementation on patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: In the practical part, retrospective data of patients with chronic kidney disease treated in nephrology and internal medicine outpatient clinics were used. These data were obtained from the Klatovy Hospital database. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations at the beginning of vitamin D supplementation and changes in these values after one year were compared. In addition, data on muscle strength, fractures, propensity to falls and calcemia were evaluated. Patients' level of education regarding proper vitamin D supplementation was assessed by questionnaire. Conclusion: The results show that supplementation with native vitamin D leads to an increase in serum 25(OH)D concentration even in patients with more severe renal impairment, while optimizing serum total calcium concentration, and probably has numerous...
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Problematics of integration of North Korean refugees in South Korea
Bláha, Matěj ; Suchánek, Jonáš (advisor) ; Kvasničková, Kristýna (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on problems associated with integration of North Korean refugees in South Korea. The main aim is to create a conceptual framework for deeper understanding of this issue. The fulfilment of this aim was achieved with the help of research questions that address the impact of refugees and South Korean society on refugee integration. The thesis synthesizes information from existing publications using the method of systematic literature review and can therefore serve as a basis for future research. The theoretical section, which discusses terms and concepts relevant to the thesis, is followed by two chapters of historical and geographical context needed for understanding of the issue of North Korean refugees and the description of methodology used in the systematic review. The results of the synthesis imply that the level of integration of North Korean refugees in South Korea is not very high and refugees face a significant number of barriers that make this integration difficult. For the sake of clarity, the systematic research has been categorically divided into thematic subchapters, which address in detail the different areas of this specific migration and integration. Key words: systematic review, integration, North Korean refugees, South Korea, North Korea
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(Non-)use of textbook in the geography lessons at lower secondary education.
Faltisová, Kateřina ; Hanus, Martin (advisor) ; Marada, Miroslav (referee)
This master's thesis addresses the issue of using geography textbooks by Czech teachers at the lower secondary education level. The uniqueness of this work lies in its focus on the specific aspects of teachers' approaches to textbooks, a topic that has not been explored in the Czech educational context. Given the variety of possibilities for working with textbooks, the main goal of this work is to identify the key features of textbooks that lead to teachers' decisions not to use them. One of the subsidiary goals is to perform an analysis of geographical topics in relation to the extent of textbook use in teaching. To fulfill these goals, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 geography teachers at the lower secondary education level. The interview scenario was based on the professional literature directly related to the topic. All interviews were subsequently transcribed and open coding of respondents' answers was conducted. The card sorting method was incorporated into the interviews, through which the most important functions and selection criteria for textbooks were evaluated by statistical methods. Subsequent analysis found that the method and extent of textbook use depend on the teacher's concept of teaching. It emerged that teachers consider the ability to present information to be...
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Misconceptions in teaching geography in the topic of planetary geography
Kalicherová, Tereza ; Šobr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Cimová, Tereza (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the nine most common misconceptions in planetary geography, which were selected based on an analysis of previous research on this topic and subsequently tested on primary school students. The theoretical part focuses on the reasons for the emergence of misconceptions in general and in planetary geography, followed by a more detailed analysis of the most common misconceptions. For each of them it is described how the planetary phenomenon works in reality, and then how the misconception is most likely to arise and why. The practical part consists of the development of a didactic test and the evaluation of data collected from 292 students from four lower secondary schools. The main aim of the bachelor thesis was to check whether the most common misconceptions in planetary geography are also found among students in Czech schools and to what extent. A sub-objective was to find out how misconceptions vary across grades and whether the degree of misconception depends on the elapsed time before which the material was discussed. The results showed that even Czech primary school students have many misconceptions about planetary phenomena. In most cases, however, they performed better than respondents in previous research analysed for this paper. Furthermore, the results did not...
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Current state of development of the longitudinal arch of the foot in Czech preschool children
Novák, Jakub ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the current state of development of the longitudinal arch of the foot in Czech preschool children. The preschool age is characterized by the most intensive development of the longitudinal arch, and at the end of this period, its condition becomes fixed. The natural development of the longitudinal foot arch is influenced by a number of internal and external factors, including genetic predispositions such as age, gender, or body weight, as well as environmental and lifestyle factors such as footwear habits or level of physical activity. The trend of insufficient physical activity observed in the current population could negatively affect the development of the arch due to insufficient stimulation of its structures, thus having a lasting impact on the individual's quality of life. The results showed that children in our sample exhibited a higher prevalence of unformed foot arch compared to data from previous studies. Significant intersexual differences were observed in the dynamics of arch development. While there is a sharp increase in the proportion of formed arch among girls between 4 and 5 years old, this increase is gradual among boys. Furthermore, a significant relationship was demonstrated between the degree of arch formation and the first body...
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Preparation of probes for the cancer imaging based on single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) based on peptidomimetic inhibitors of FAP protease
Trajhan, Filip ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Baszczyňski, Ondřej (referee)
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a membrane serine protease that is mainly expressed in epithelial tumor cells. The specific occurrence in the tumor microenvironment and its absence in most healthy tissues makes this protein an important target for the development of diagnostic probes or targeted endoradiotherapy. The goal of this work is the preparation of a new series of potential probes for SPECT imaging of tumours using low molecular weight FAP inhibitors. The structure and synthetic strategy for four new probes were proposed. At the same time two already published probes serving as references for biodistribution experiments were prepared. Two probes were based on the compound IOCB22-AP446, the most potent FAP inhibitor published so far, which was developed in the laboratory of prof. Konvalinka at the IOCB, Prague. The other four prepared probes used the inhibitor UAMC1110, which is utilized as a targeting molecule in a number of compounds in the clinical testing phase. The degree of FAP inhibition in vitro was determined for all prepared compounds. Furthermore, the ability of the probes to visualise tumour tissue in vivo was tested on two animal models of human tumours. Comparison of the results with published data led to the validation of one of the models for use in further...
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Self-compassion, emotion regulation and alcohol addiction
Bušková, Tereza ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Zernerová, Lucie (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topics of self-compassion, emotion regulation, and alcohol addiction. The main goal of the thesis is to analyze the connections among self-compassion, emotion regulation, alcohol addiction, and internalized shame. The empirical part of the thesis has the character of quantitative research. Data collection methods are scales measuring self- compassion, difficulties in emotion regulation, disorders caused by alcohol use, and internalized shame. From the analysis of data collected from 190 respondents, it was found that the level of difficulties in emotion regulation fully mediates the relationship between the level of self-compassion and the level of disorders caused by alcohol use. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was found in the level of self-compassion, difficulties in regulating emotions, and internalized shame between the groups of short-term and long-term abstinent alcohol addicts. The analysis of the data also shows a statistically significant correlation between the level of self-compassion and the level of internalized shame, between the level of self-compassion and the level of difficulty in regulating emotions, and the level of internalized shame and the level of difficulty in regulating emotions. The level of internalized shame in the...
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Procedural pain and emotions in children during Covid -19 vaccination
Hnyková, Veronika ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Vlachová, Marie (referee)
Premises: This thesis focuses on mapping the share of fear and procedural pain during Covid-19 vaccination of children aged 5 to 18 years. Objectives: The aim of the bachelor thesis was to map the extent of fear and procedural pain during Covid-19 vaccination and to determine which factors influence them. Methodology: Data collection for this bachelor thesis took place at the vaccination centre of the Motol University Hospital and Thomayer University Hospital. The statistical dataset was collected from 39 children meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. The questionnaire survey was conducted personally by approaching the parent whose child was vaccinated against Covid -19, obtaining the parent's written informed consent to provide information, obtaining the child's verbal consent, and then conducting a 5-10 minute joint interview while asking questions. Results: Based on the statistical data processing, a statistical dependency was confirmed in the perceived intensity of pain during injection between girls and boys. The differences lie in the fact that girls show a greater dispersion in responses, meaning they distinguish the perceived pain more, while boys generally report the same intensity of pain. From the analysis of hypotheses, a significant statistical correlation was also found between...
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The Concept of Civic Literacy in an International Perspective. Czech Republic, Australia, England
Pilousková, Ivana ; Fapšo, Marek (advisor) ; Šíp, Radim (referee)
This diploma thesis is concerned with the concept of civic literacy. Firstly, the thesis reflects the concept of civic literacy theoretically in both the Czech educational context and the chosen anglophone ones. For these purposes, literary research is done with the support of relevant academic literature. The second part of the thesis focuses on the Czech, English and Australian educational curricula. These curricula are presented as to their general characteristics, including their frameworks of civic education, and then selected aspects of the curricula are compared by means of content analysis. An integral aim of this diploma thesis is to provide an adequate definition of crucial terms related to the topic, those being the terms citizen, citizenship or literacy and competency. The expected results of this thesis are the theoretical reflection of the concept of civic literacy in Czech as well as in chosen anglophone publications, and the comparison of civic education in chosen educational curiccula, with the focus on three selected criteria: the degree of representation of social sciences, the concept of active citizenship and the way the curiccula work with the term competency. KEYWORDS literacy; civic literacy; citizenship; citizenship education; educational curricula
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