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Learning about social life and institutions in younger school-age in case of mild mental retardation
Vojtíšková, Marika ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with learning about social life and institutions in case of children with mild mental retardation. The authoress summarizes the Jean Piaget's theory of moral development (especially known from studies The Moral Judgment of the Child and La psychologie de l'enfant), anteriorly each stage (anomy; heteronomy; autonomy). This theory is compared to learning about social life and institutions as described in Czech Framework Education Programme (Rámcový vzdělávací program), called Man and His World. The core of this text is using Piaget's and his followers' research methods on a sample of children with mild mental retardation from the Prague practical school named LOPES. The structured interview method examined probands of two age groups understanding three stories containing different types of morally problematic situations (telling untruth, property damage, causing an unpleasant situation). Text also describes pilot study that helps to set method more accurate. The bachelor thesis at its end provides a summary of research results and their reflection by special educational teacher (without knowledge of the sample of children). That verifies the wider validity of conclusions and lays the foundation for further research.
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Correlation of human figure and tree drawings
Matoušková, Tereza ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kučera, Miloš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the figure drawing test and the tree test from the projective point of view, based on the books written by Zdeněk Altman. I focus on the interconnection between these two kinds of drawings. The thesis contains the basic characteristics of these two methods and discussion about their scientific basis. I describe the process of using the books as manuals for drawing analysis. This thesis also contains results of drawing analysis and characterization of their authors. Fifteen adolescents placed in a children's home participated in research. In conclusion, I address the correlation of both drawings.
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Some aspects of magical thought in children of younger school age
Tanzerová, Adéla ; Doubek, David (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
Annotation: The subject of this bachelor thesis is magical thinking in children of younger school age. The concept of magical thinking is defined in the theoretical part from the perspective of developmental psychology and culture anthropology, further the concept of magical thinking by Jean Piaget is introduced. His perspective is crucial for this thesis. The main objective of this research, which is based on my own empirical material, is to discover whether magical thinking is still present in the concepts of children of younger school age. Magical thinking (concepts of children) is used in contrast to realistic thinking (concepts of adults). Attention is given to analogical thinking, too. The data were collected by using methods of participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Findings of this research are compared with Piaget's conclusions. The result of this thesis is a characterization of thinking in first-grade pupils, categorization and definition of used principles of thoughts, description of aspects of magical, realistic and analogical thinking. Key words: magical thinking, younger school age, ethnography, children's conceptions of the world
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Role of human figure drawing in Indicative test of school maturity
Michálková, Anna ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Presslerová, Pavla (referee)
The thesis studies the role of human figure drawing in Orientační test školní zralosti (i. e. Jirasek's Orientation Test of School Readiness). The starting point is the correspondence between human figure drawing and other tasks in both verbal and non-verbal thinking. For the empirical material we have chosen pre-school children results in Orientační test školní zralosti, including the verbal thinking test and Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices. The aim is to examine correspondence of human figure drawing with other tasks taking into account verbal and non-verbal thinking and logical and infralogic operations. The data was collected in two stages with the interval of four months and therefore it is able to assess durability of findings in time. The thesis is beneficial in terms of qualitative analysis of discovered correspondences and also in developing a theory of abilities tested by the test, especially regarding human figure drawing. Last but not least it is helpful in examining similarities and differences in the ability of children to analyse and synthetize. KEY WORDS: school maturity, drawing, figure, man, writing, points, matrices, verbal thinking, non-verbal thinking, logical operations, infralogic operations, analysis, synthesis
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Moral Factors And Their Influence Upon Career Choices of High School Students
Lukášová, Hana ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Vacek, Pavel (referee) ; Kirovová, Iva (referee)
The subject of this research, namely career choice of high school graduates, has been considered from the position of moral reasoning. Qualitative analysis of data collected from interviews carried out with 32 graduates identifies career choice to be a significant factor determining the identity of each graduate. The research is based on assumption that moral reasoning is nourished by each one's identity and loyality to oneself, respectively. The basis of this career identity is formed by so called "inveteracy", reflected by various ways in individual's attempt to make a choice that is authentic. Categorically speaking, there exist "plots", that make career selection process complicated, as well as "problematizations", that make any authentic choice virtually impossible. Career choice is interpreted by means of three domains throughout which it becomes apparent both how this process fosters the individual's relationship with the outside world, with those closest to him/her and with himself/herself and what kind of affect this relationship has on his/her very identity. During the research, career choice turns out to be a continual and complex process that far surpasses the actual period of submitting a college application.
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Moral Dimension of Marriage in Young Adults
Pikhartová, Alena ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Vágnerová, Marie (referee) ; Hnilica, Karel (referee)
TITLE: The Moral Dimension of Marriage in Young Adults AUTHOR: Alena Pikhartová DEPARTMENT: Department of Psychology SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Miroslav Klusák, CSc. ABSTRACT: The presented thesis is based on a study of moral psychology and its methodological tradition, particularly on Gilligan's morality of care. The marriage has become a subject of this research. The main source of the empirical data are interviews about the Wedding dilemma and following interviews about this topic. The aim of the research is to mediate an insight into young adults' reasoning about moral dilemmatic situations, that deal with a wedding and setting up the family, and to uncover a moral dimension of the marriage. This study is a contribution to the theories of morality, to the discussion about the acceptance and the rejection of the marriage, and to the discussion about moral dimmension of the marriage. According to my findings (and by using my methodological procedures) it is possible to find a difference in reasoning between married and unmarried respondents. The moral dimension of the marriage is consisted in the possibility of hurting the others in the case, that partners don't concur in the question of the marriage. One or the other is pressed (in this case into the marriage), or must renounce his or her needs. An...
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Goethe in psychonalytic literature
Křížová, Ivana ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
The theoretical thesis, which aims to find and compare different conceptions and interpretation of the life of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The interest of this thesis is centered on the interpretation of Goethe's relationship with his sister. Interpretation of the relationship of Goethe and his sister is based on two approaches, the psychoanalytic and historical approach. Psychoanalytic approach is represented by Sigmund Freud and Kurt Eissler, who offer interpretations of some aspects of the relationship of Goethe with his sister. Historical approach is represented by Richard Friedenthal and Astrid Seele. They submit biographical context of the poets life and also point to his relationship with his sister. On the basis of these sources are data analyzed within psychoanalytic theory. To explain Goethe's relationship with his sister is thinking about the form of their incestuous sibling relationship or oedipus complex.
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Role of human figure drawing in maturity for school
Holovenčuková, Nikola ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the cognitive side of school readiness in the context of Jirasek's Orientation Test of School Readiness. The main focus is the correlation between the figure drawing and the other forms of outputs of this test, in the objective and the verbal reasoning. The research is done on a basis of combining the cross-sectional and the longitudinal approach. The children participating were pre-schoolers and students of the first and second grade of elementary schools. Based on my research I found out, which tasks are closely connected, and at which combinations no connections were proven, in the context of three age groups. The results of this work also help to assess if the drawing of the human figure predicts the performance development in other tasks, or if a certain subtask implies the development of fulfilling the drawing of the human figure. The contribution of this work is thus bringing deeper findings about the progress of fulfilling the tasks of the Jirasek's Orientation Test of School Readiness, which still serves as a diagnostic tool to assess school readiness.
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