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Psychosocial aspects of acute phase treatment of childhood cancer
Janda, Tadeáš ; Blatný, Marek (advisor) ; Šporclová, Veronika (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to present psychosocial aspects of acute phase treatment of childhood cancer. The literary briefing section is divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents the general medical characteristics of childhood malignancies and the principles of treating pediatric oncology diseases. The second chapter captures key findings of developmental psychology to ontogenesis in childhood and adolescence. The third chapter focuses on the psychosocial aspects of oncological treatment and psychological interventions applied during this treatment. The fourth chapter deals with palliative care in pediatric oncology and the psychological context of the child's death and family bereavement. Qualitative research consists of a set of four descriptive case reports of patients and their parents who are in the acute phase of cancer treatment or are shortly after its completion. The case reports present the experience of these patients and parents. Keywords Pediatric oncology, pediatric hematooncology, pediatric oncopsychology, pediatric patient, adolescent patient.
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Analysis of the current state of children's risk detection within family
Sochová, Nikola ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Šporclová, Veronika (referee)
This thesis focuses on the skills necessary to detect children being at risk from the adults in their surroundings based on the signals that the children manifest. The specific signs are described in the theoretical part, for example, different child expressions (on psychological, physical or behavioural level etc.) which can accompany risk exposure. The thesis also focuses on analysis of different environments in which these signals can be detected (family, school, medical examination etc.). Risk factors of children being exposed to danger in their own families are also analysed. Knowledge of these factors can facilitate the detection by surrounding people. The empirical part examines the signals most frequently used for the detection of children at risk by the adults in their proximity, as well as signs which don't get much attention (the adults are unable to perceive those signals, or they don't consider them as important). This analysis uses the data from "Children Crisis Center" (Dětské krizové centrum). Quantitative content analysis was used for the data survey. The quantity of signals registered by the family carers was compared to the quantity of signals only discovered by psychological examination. The conclusion reached by this analysis suggests, that family carers are not yet very...
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The Relationship between ortorexia nervosa and OCD symptoms in athletes
Fiurášková, Ivona ; Šporclová, Veronika (advisor) ; Macháček, Martin (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on orthorexia nervosa in connection with OCD. Theoretical part contains introduction, diagnostic criteria and methods of measuring. Increasing attention is given to risk groups and factors, which can affect the development of both disorders. Moreover, treatment options and comparison with other mental disorders are presented. The last part of theoretical part is focused on athletes in fitness centers, which are research subjects in the practical part of the thesis. The main goal of practical part is to find out connection between orthorexia nervosa and OCD in selected group of respondents (N=203). Main research survey has quantitative design. The ORTO-15 and Obsessive - Compulsive Inventory (OCI) surveys are used. Statistical analysis shows statistically significant correlation between orthorexia symptoms and obsessive - compulsive disorder symptoms. There is not any significant correlation between orthorexia and training frequency. However, there is statistically significant correlation between orthorexia symptoms and training frequency. The results also show that the occurrence of orthorexia is not sex-linked. Interviews with some responders have been added to research survey (N = 6). The gathered data were processed open coding and presented card unloading...
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The Relationship between ortorexia nervosa and OCD symptoms in athletes
Fiurášková, Ivona ; Šporclová, Veronika (advisor) ; Macháček, Martin (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on orthorexia nervosa in connection with OCD. Theoretical part contains introduction, diagnostic criteria and methods of measuring. Increasing attention is given to risk groups and factors, which can affect the development of both disorders. Moreover, treatment options and comparison with other mental disorders are presented. The last part of theoretical part is focused on athletes in fitness centers, which are research subjects in the practical part of the thesis. The main goal of practical part is to find out connection between orthorexia nervosa and OCD in selected group of respondents (N=203). Main research survey has quantitative design. The ORTO-15 and Obsessive - Compulsive Inventory (OCI) surveys are used. Statistical analysis shows statistically significant correlation between orthorexia symptoms and obsessive - compulsive disorder symptoms. There is not any significant correlation between orthorexia and training frequency. However, there is statistically significant correlation between orthorexia symptoms and training frequency. The results also show that the occurrence of orthorexia is not sex-linked. Interviews with some responders have been added to research survey (N = 6). The gathered data were processed open coding and presented card unloading...
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Orthorexia nervosa, Social media and the Internet
Králová, Daniela ; Šporclová, Veronika (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
This study focuses on an obsession with healthy eating called orthorexia nervosa, a term coined by Steven Bratman. It describes a pathological fixation on healthy eating, with a negative influence on the quality of human life. The study aimed to present orthorexia in the context of the Internet, social media, and the wellness industry. The research sample was composed of 324 participants aged 15 to 68 (M = 34), interested in healthy eating. The data was obtained via an online two-part questionnaire. The first part explored the healthy eating lifestyle of the participants (motivation, sources, healthy eating influencers, diets, time spent on the Internet, positive and negative aspects of a healthy diet). The second part was focused on orthorexic tendencies measured by ORTO-15. There was no difference in orthorexic tendencies between people who visit healthy eating websites frequently as well as between people who use social networks to follow healthy food influencers. Also, there was no difference in orthorexic tendencies between people whose work/study deals with healthy eating and those whose physical appearance is important for their job. It was found out that the wellness influencer trend is not very common in Czech society, popular influencers are mainly Czech nutritionists and fitness coaches. The...
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Gender dysphoria in persons with autism spectrum disorder
Lukina, Julie ; Šporclová, Veronika (advisor) ; Čáp, David (referee)
The master thesis copes with gender dysphoria (GD) in persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The quantitative research was chosen to study this topic. The main goal was to determine whether people with mild ASD have a higher prevalence of GD or higher rate of GD compared to the general neurotypical population (NT). The main methods used in this research were: Autism Quotient Questionnaire (AQ-10) and the Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire in Adolescents and Adults (GIDYQ-AA), which made it possible to determine the degree of GD and the potential co-occurrence of a diagnosis of gender incongruence (GI; according to ICD-11). In the research there were 196 subjects with the age ranging from 16 to 74 years. The ASD group was compromised 90 persons and in the NT group there were 106 people. While in the NT group no one admitted transgender identity, in the ASD group 2.2 % of subjects informed about transgender identity and 14.4 % of the autistic group were not sure about it. Based on the GIDYQ-AA results, 4.4 % of people with ASD had a low score indicating a possible presence of a diagnosis of GD (GI). Furthermore, the research found that women with autism had significantly higher rate of GD than both women in the NT group and men with ASD. Overall, subjects with ASD achieved...
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Possible Use of Dynamic and Static Assessment in Children witch Attachmet Disorder
Slabá, Andrea ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šporclová, Veronika (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to compare the results in the field of cognitive functions obtained by static and dynamic assessment of children with attachment disorder at preschool age. The ACFS-cz assessment battery was used for the dynamic assessment, specifically four subtests: Categorisation, Short-term auditory memory (Story Retelling), Short-term visual memory, Sequential Pattern Completion. The method of static assessment was Woodcock- Johnson IV COG, specifically four subtests: Visualization, Verbal Attention, Picture Recognition, Analysis-Synthesis. The research sample consisted of 16 preschool children (3 to 6 respectively 8 years) placed in institutional care. The results showed that there were no differences between the of the ACFS-cz pretest scores and the Woodcock-Johnson IV COG scores. While the comparison of the results of the ACFS-cz posttest with Woodcock- Johnson IV COG showed significant differences in the three examined areas (Categorisation, Short-term auditory memory, Short-term visual memory). The outcomes of the dynamic assessment lead to suitable interventions for the cognitive development of children in institutional care. Keywords ACFS, Woodcock-Johnson IV COG, cognitive functions, attachment disorder, preschool age.
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Eating behaviour of children with autism spectrum disorder
Hrdličková, Kristýna ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Šporclová, Veronika (referee)
In its theoretical part, the thesis covers the elucidation of food intake's regulation mechanisms, family's influence over the children's eating habits, eating habits of children aged 2 to 6 years, and specifics of eating behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder. The methodology and results of the executed research are introduced next. The parents of children with ASD (N = 34) and typically developing childen (N = 24) at the ages of 2 to 6 filled out a set of questionnaires. The groups of children differed in fondness for the "fruit" food category (less popular with children with ASD, M = 3.58, SD = 0.9, Mdn = 3.86 vs. M = 4.05, SD = 0.61, Mdn = 4.17, Mann Whitney U = 236, p = 0.046); in the amount of food never tasted (more prominent among children with ASD, M = 15.2, SD = 11.7, Mdn = 10.5 vs. M = 5.6, SD = 6.4, Mdn = 4.0, U = 134, p < 0.001); and in the frequency of emotional over-eating (more frequent in children with ASD, M = 1.84, SD = 0.846, Mdn = 1.75 vs. M = 1.38, SD = 0.466, Mdn = 1.25). The parents of children suffering from ASD gave their children food more often when these were experiencing strong emotions (M = 2.12, SD = 0.646, Mdn = 2 vs. M = 1.35, SD = 0.550, Mdn = 1). Keywords eating, autism spectrum disorder, pre-school age
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Cognitive profile of children with autism spectrum disorder in early school age
Krejčová, Adéla ; Šporclová, Veronika (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
Autism spectrum disorders has been a serious and widely discussed social topic in terms of severity and increasing frequency during the last few years. Psychodiagnostics process itself is often very demanding, and the measurement of the child's cognitive abilities is also a part of the comprehensive examination. Therefore, the results may make an enormous contribution to psychological diagnosis, clinical practice and education. The aim of the master thesis and the further research is to obtain information about the cognitive profile of children with autism spectrum disorder in comparison with neurotypical children, namely in the age range of six to twelve years. Firstly, the testing was carried out in the research group of 80 respondents, respectively with 40 respondents in the research group and 40 respondents in the control group. Secondly, each participant underwent testing using the Wechsler Intelligence Battery (WISC- III). Thirdly, the group of children with PAS underwent the neuropsychological battery, the A Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY-II) subtest. A statistically significant difference in overall IQ, verbal IQ, and performance IQ was found between the PAS group and the control group. In addition, a significant difference between the groups was also found in all...
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Psychological Factors of Dying of a Close Person in Young Adults
Pikola, Michal ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Šporclová, Veronika (referee)
Almost everybody at some point in life experiences the event of a dying of a close person. It presents the perspective of the end of existence, which is often difficult to relate to. That is understandable, because a living person typically doesn't want to imagine their own death - nonetheless, it seems to be important to be able to accept death and dying as a closing period of life. Theoretical section of the thesis characterizes phenomena of death and dying and their psychological context, as well as e.g. mourning. Next, palliative care is described as a field, which sees death and dying or care for the dying and their close persons respectively as its main area of focus. Lastly, the theoretical section analyzes wellbeing and coping strategies in relation to death and dying as extraordinary situations, in which all sorts of effects and processes occur that influence these psychological characteristics. Empirical section focuses on connecting wellbeing and coping strategies to the process of dying of a close person in young adults. Members of this age group usually already have several distinct experiences with dying and death of a close person, them being relatives or other close persons. Results of the study showed a wide scale of used coping strategies, as well as the fact that circumstances...
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