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Perioperative prognostic factors in breast cancer
Černá, Monika ; Třeška, Vladislav (advisor) ; Gaťek, Jiří (referee) ; Šiller, Jiří (referee) ; Jandík, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Breast cancer still remains the most common malignancy in women and its incidence is slowly increasing. A marked reduction of mortality has been achieved in the last 10 years thanks to modern diagnostic methods, mammary screening, and comprehensive and targeted cancer therapy. Modern diagnostic capabilities not only allow early diagnosis of a primary tumor lesion and precise determination of its biological nature before commencing treatment, but they also enable early diagnosis of local and regional recidives, including diagnosis of metastases in distant organs. In addition to clinical examination, conventional and complementary imaging examinations and tumor markers our objective was to determine the importance and use of growth factors in relation to the overall prognosis. The growth factors physiologically act already during the ontogenetic period when they control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptotic processes. It is known that they take part in the tumor growth processes which are characterized by autonomous behavior, increased proliferative activity, distinct differentiation activity and reduced apoptosis. Growth factors work as autoregulation factors in the neoplastic process as well as through their paracrine effects mediated by more or less specific receptors....
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Molecular biologic principles of progression of colorectal carcinoma and tehir impact on individualized oncosurgical treatment
Vyčítal, Ondřej ; Liška, Václav (advisor) ; Šimša, Jaromír (referee) ; Šiller, Jiří (referee)
Molecular biologic principles of progression of colorectal carcinoma and their impact on individualized oncosurgical treatment Background: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes together with naturall killer have crucial role in immune reaction against colorectal carcinoma (CRCa). Executive molecule of cytotoxic immune reaction is granzym B. Natural inhibitor of granzyme B is serpine B9. Aims: Authors evaluated effect of immunohistological parameters of TIL on presence of lymph node metastasis of CRCa. Authors were also focused on selecting patients with high risk of short overall survival (OS) and short desease free interval (DFI) after radical surgical therapy. Methods: Group of 152 patients was analyzed, 63 patients in cohort classified in stage II according Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) and 89 patients in cohort UICC III (with lymph node metastasis). All of them were electively radically operated due to CRCa. Evaluating of TIL pattern was defined as peritumoral (PTL), intratumoral (ITL), intrastromal (ISL) and Crohn-like. Monoclonal antibodies against CD4, CD8, CD25, FoxP3, CD57, and granzyme B were used for immunohistological staining of TIL. Cancer cells were stained with CD56 and serpine B9 monoclonal antibody. Also endovascular (VE), lymphatic and perineural infiltration were evaluated....
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Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as prognostic factor in colorectal cancer prognosis after radical surgical treatment
Novák, Petr ; Vodička, Josef (advisor) ; Šiller, Jiří (referee) ; Gürlich, Robert (referee)
Novák P.: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as prognostic factor of colorectal cancer after radical surgical treatment Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) belongs among the most frequent malignant diseases and represents worldwide problem. Czech Republic has one of the highest incidence of CRC. The fight against this disease is kept in many lines as preventive, surgical and oncological treatment and very important part is also the estimation of prognosis and suggestion of individual treatment. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the relation of contemporary clinical and histopathological factors and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, dendritic and natural killer cells. The next aim was to differentiate the patients with high risk of shortened overal survival and tendency to early recurrence of CRC after radical surgical treatment. Methods: We analyzed the group of 150 patients (93 men, 57 women) that were operated on at the Department of Surgery of Teaching Hospital in Pilsen between 2004 and 2007. The important condition for inclusion into the study was radical operation. We excluded patients with any disease that could influence immunological reactivity. We examined endovascular, endolymphatic, perineural infiltration by tumor cells (0 - none, 1 positive). Infiltrations of tumor by lymphatic cells...
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Possibility to influence chronic post-surgery inguinal pain using of self-fixating mesh in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair
Klobušický, Pavol ; Hoskovec, David (advisor) ; Šiller, Jiří (referee) ; Aujeský, René (referee)
Introduction: Transabdominal laparoscopic (TAPP) approach in the therapy of inguinal hernia is a suitable alternative to classical open inguinal hernia repair mainly in the hands of an experienced surgeon. TAPP repair offers the possibility of gentle dissection with implantation of the mesh from posterior approach. Hypothesis and objectives of the work: The fixation of mesh through penetrating techniques using staples, clips or screws is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a post-herniotomy inguinal pain syndrome (CPIP). The aim of the thesis is to review options of self-fixating meshes in laparoscopic TAPP procedure without additional fixation. Furthermore to evaluate effect of this technique on development of the chronic postoperative groin pain and also on frequency of hernia recurrence and mesh migration. Patients and methods: Data analysis included all patients, who underwent inguinal hernia surgery at our Surgical Department within the period from 1.10.12 to 31.12.14 and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Standard surgical technique was used. Data were entered and subsequently analyzed on Herniamed platform. Results: There were 241 patients enrolled to the group of which 396 inguinal hernias were repaired. The minimal follow up was at 12 months. At the assessment in one...
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Molecular biologic principles of progression of colorectal carcinoma and tehir impact on individualized oncosurgical treatment
Vyčítal, Ondřej ; Liška, Václav (advisor) ; Šimša, Jaromír (referee) ; Šiller, Jiří (referee)
Molecular biologic principles of progression of colorectal carcinoma and their impact on individualized oncosurgical treatment Background: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes together with naturall killer have crucial role in immune reaction against colorectal carcinoma (CRCa). Executive molecule of cytotoxic immune reaction is granzym B. Natural inhibitor of granzyme B is serpine B9. Aims: Authors evaluated effect of immunohistological parameters of TIL on presence of lymph node metastasis of CRCa. Authors were also focused on selecting patients with high risk of short overall survival (OS) and short desease free interval (DFI) after radical surgical therapy. Methods: Group of 152 patients was analyzed, 63 patients in cohort classified in stage II according Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) and 89 patients in cohort UICC III (with lymph node metastasis). All of them were electively radically operated due to CRCa. Evaluating of TIL pattern was defined as peritumoral (PTL), intratumoral (ITL), intrastromal (ISL) and Crohn-like. Monoclonal antibodies against CD4, CD8, CD25, FoxP3, CD57, and granzyme B were used for immunohistological staining of TIL. Cancer cells were stained with CD56 and serpine B9 monoclonal antibody. Also endovascular (VE), lymphatic and perineural infiltration were evaluated....
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Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Garnol, Tomáš ; Červinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Pantoflíček, Tomáš (referee) ; Šiller, Jiří (referee)
1. SUMMARY Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most frequent chronic liver disease in economically developed countries with prevalence of about 30 %. Liver resection from different reasons is nowadays common surgical procedure. Successful recovery and renewal of liver functions depend on regenerative capacity of liver remnant. The course of liver regeneration could be profoundly influenced by concomitant liver pathological processes including NAFLD. The aim of this work has been study of early phase of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx) in rats with nutritionally induced simple steatosis. At the beginning we introduced a model of NAFLD by a high-fat diet giving to Wistar or Sprague-Dawley rats for 3 and 6 weeks, resp. This regimen induced simple steatosis without signs of inflammation, necrosis or fibrotic changes in both strains. In the second part of our study we followed if liver regeneration after PHx in rats with NAFLD is altered. Liver regeneration was assessed by bromodeoxyuridin incorporation into DNA of hepatocytes. Regeneration of liver with simple steatosis induced by 2/3 PHx was not significantly influenced in comparison to non-steatotic liver. The only...
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Possibility to influence chronic post-surgery inguinal pain using of self-fixating mesh in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair
Klobušický, Pavol ; Hoskovec, David (advisor) ; Šiller, Jiří (referee) ; Aujeský, René (referee)
Introduction: Transabdominal laparoscopic (TAPP) approach in the therapy of inguinal hernia is a suitable alternative to classical open inguinal hernia repair mainly in the hands of an experienced surgeon. TAPP repair offers the possibility of gentle dissection with implantation of the mesh from posterior approach. Hypothesis and objectives of the work: The fixation of mesh through penetrating techniques using staples, clips or screws is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a post-herniotomy inguinal pain syndrome (CPIP). The aim of the thesis is to review options of self-fixating meshes in laparoscopic TAPP procedure without additional fixation. Furthermore to evaluate effect of this technique on development of the chronic postoperative groin pain and also on frequency of hernia recurrence and mesh migration. Patients and methods: Data analysis included all patients, who underwent inguinal hernia surgery at our Surgical Department within the period from 1.10.12 to 31.12.14 and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Standard surgical technique was used. Data were entered and subsequently analyzed on Herniamed platform. Results: There were 241 patients enrolled to the group of which 396 inguinal hernias were repaired. The minimal follow up was at 12 months. At the assessment in one...
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Original Czech Drama and Contemporary Drama in 70s of 20th Century
Šiller, Jiří ; Mocná, Dagmar (advisor) ; Peterka, Josef (referee) ; Brožová, Věra (referee)
Resumé This academical work called The Original Czech Drama and Contemporary Drama in 70s of 20th century looks back at 70s as the first ten years of Normalisation. The period was restricting in the field of literature. The authors could not write freely. The regime put borders to limit their work. The original drama shows how the culture acts under pressure and without freedom. Obviously, the literature describing current times was disadvantaged opposed to the literature which describes "get away" themes. The conditions for theatres were very strict, mainly for new plays which had to be approved by the regime. There were some improvisation but the reaction of the audience was not easy to predict. In this decade the authors pretend to believe in the ideas of Socialism. They write about the advantages socialistic development. Only in this were the authors were guaranteed that their work is going to be published and performed. This is the difference between 50s of 20th century, when the authors really believed in rightness of the socialistic development. Nevertheless, their beliefs were slowly broken and their private lives strongly influenced. The general concept of undistinguished greyness which means the official work of Normalisation period was opposed to work of some authors. These work were variable,...
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Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as prognostic factor in colorectal cancer prognosis after radical surgical treatment
Novák, Petr ; Vodička, Josef (advisor) ; Šiller, Jiří (referee) ; Gürlich, Robert (referee)
Novák P.: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as prognostic factor of colorectal cancer after radical surgical treatment Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) belongs among the most frequent malignant diseases and represents worldwide problem. Czech Republic has one of the highest incidence of CRC. The fight against this disease is kept in many lines as preventive, surgical and oncological treatment and very important part is also the estimation of prognosis and suggestion of individual treatment. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the relation of contemporary clinical and histopathological factors and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, dendritic and natural killer cells. The next aim was to differentiate the patients with high risk of shortened overal survival and tendency to early recurrence of CRC after radical surgical treatment. Methods: We analyzed the group of 150 patients (93 men, 57 women) that were operated on at the Department of Surgery of Teaching Hospital in Pilsen between 2004 and 2007. The important condition for inclusion into the study was radical operation. We excluded patients with any disease that could influence immunological reactivity. We examined endovascular, endolymphatic, perineural infiltration by tumor cells (0 - none, 1 positive). Infiltrations of tumor by lymphatic cells...
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Perioperative prognostic factors in breast cancer
Černá, Monika ; Třeška, Vladislav (advisor) ; Gaťek, Jiří (referee) ; Šiller, Jiří (referee) ; Jandík, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Breast cancer still remains the most common malignancy in women and its incidence is slowly increasing. A marked reduction of mortality has been achieved in the last 10 years thanks to modern diagnostic methods, mammary screening, and comprehensive and targeted cancer therapy. Modern diagnostic capabilities not only allow early diagnosis of a primary tumor lesion and precise determination of its biological nature before commencing treatment, but they also enable early diagnosis of local and regional recidives, including diagnosis of metastases in distant organs. In addition to clinical examination, conventional and complementary imaging examinations and tumor markers our objective was to determine the importance and use of growth factors in relation to the overall prognosis. The growth factors physiologically act already during the ontogenetic period when they control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptotic processes. It is known that they take part in the tumor growth processes which are characterized by autonomous behavior, increased proliferative activity, distinct differentiation activity and reduced apoptosis. Growth factors work as autoregulation factors in the neoplastic process as well as through their paracrine effects mediated by more or less specific receptors....
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