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Gender aspects of children's literature
Luhanová, Alexandra ; Brožová, Věra (advisor) ; Mocná, Dagmar (referee)
The relation between literature and gender themes has been studied from the first half of twentieth century especially in America and Great Britain. At the beginning it was concern of feminism orientated activists who focused on folk tales and their influence on female identity. Later the range of scientists focused on gender became wider just as the range of themes related to gender did. From the end of last century we don't consider the theme of gender as a specific theme of feminists wanting equality of gender. There are some new topics as for example new models of family and their presentation in children's literature. As new models of family we understand living in divorced family or living with parents of the same sex. Authors of these books want to help children to deal with this new situation but they want to impress the public as well. The most important books focused on this theme were published thirty years ago in the USA and Great Britain but we still can't find this in our bookshops. This finding seems understandable with books with gay and lesbian themes, because it's not so long since the registered partnership was legalized and there are probably not many families with parents of the same gender. What is surprising is absence of titles considering divorces because it's a social problem of...
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Gender and sexuality: Differences in sexual behavior based on gender typology according to S. Bem
Hlivka, Michal ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Weiss, Petr (referee)
Our concern in this work was a shared field of study between gender and sexuality in the search of underlying variables of sexual behavior. Basically our scope was to gather data to empirically support one of the theoretical approaches of sex differences in sexual behavior - essentialism, explaining behavior on the basis of biological sex or evolution; or social constructionism applying variables like gender or masculinity and feminity. For this purpose, 602 participants (166 men, 436 women), aged 18-45 yr., filled out the Bem Sex Role Inventory, and the Inventory of Sexual Behavior. Results in general support the social constructionism approaches, as in the most types of sexual behavior we found differences between gender groups, but not between the sexes. However, explanations provided by theories of essentialism should not be discarded, as there were also differences between sexes in few specific areas of human sexuality, namely masturbation, and overall sexual activity. Key words: gender, sexuality, masculinity, feminity, sexual behavior, sex differences
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Organizations of men's movement in the Czech Republic (empirical profile and typology)
Lada, Stanislav ; Skovajsa, Marek (advisor) ; Muhič Dizdarevič, Selma (referee)
The central theme of this diploma thesis are male organizations and although some of them are already long decades old their presence is quite unknown phenomenon among majority of people, so much they stand behind their female counterparts. Therefore I decided to introduce male organizations and areas of their interest, the main goal of this diploma thesis is to create a typology of male organizations in the Czech Republic. The work issues from specification of the terms "masculinity" and "male organizations of civil society", carried out on the basis of publicized theoretical knowledge and my own experience. I begin with organizations of the so-called traditional type to pass on those that are considered to be the so-called new ones and their origin is closely associated with woman's emancipation caused by an expansion of feminism in the last decades of the past century. In connection with the existence of these new organizations it was discussed a concept of the so-called new masculinity for the first time. In the part of my work related to the goal's fulfillment I introduce all male organizations in the Czech Republic and the basis of analyze I create their typology. The analyzed material consists of texts of examined organizations and statements of their representatives. Great attention is also...
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Gender and Media in the Age of Post-Modernity: Revealing Gender Stereotypes in the Contemporary Czech Advertising Discourse
Olbertová, Martina ; Šoltys, Otakar (advisor) ; Reifová, Irena (referee)
ENGLISH SUMMARY The main objective of this dissertation was to provide a complex perspective on the mutual relationship of gender and media in the age of post-modernity with a special attention to the stereotypical gender portrayal presented to us by the contemporary Czech advertising discourse. We chose to demonstrate this problematics through the methods of semiotic analysis on the analytical sample of 5 advertisements (consisting of selected TV commercials) representing various aspects of stereotypical gender images appearing in the today's Czech advertising contents. We then subjected these selected advertisements to analytical methods in pursuit of finding the answers to questions related to the media image of men, women and our society that the stereotypical gender depictions contained in these advertisements help to construct. Although many of these advertisements appear to be openly sexist or even misogynic on the first sight, using the mechanisms of semiotic analysis we came to a rather opposite conclusion proposing the analyzed contents are rather pro-feminine tending toward an extensive masculine critique. This result, however, is based mainly on the mechanisms of oppositional reading of the subjected texts. On the other hand, it is presumable that the "average media consumer" not having access...
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Emerson's influence on women in works of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Teršová, Tereza ; Robbins, David Lee (advisor) ; Veselá, Pavla (referee)
Due to its emphasis on the concepts of self-reliance, inner guidance and the aboriginal Self, Ralph Waldo Emerson's philosophy elaborates theses that favor the individual over community, such as the superiority and sanctity of self-definition, as opposed to definitions constructed by society and imposed on the individual. It is possible, then, to perceive his philosophy as important for the formation of the Women's Rights Movement and for the emerging feminism. In his four romances, Nathaniel Hawthorne creates female protagonists who advocate for women's right to self-reliance as Emerson describes it. Hawthorne's heroines can be understood and interpreted as contemplating the Emersonian principles, thus illustrating the connection between Emerson's philosophy, and themes and motifs present in Hawthorne's romances. Related to Hawthorne's portrayal of the heroines' reflections on the concepts of inner guidance, the aboriginal Self, moral dereliction and self-reliance is Hawthorne's attitude toward the relationship between "womanhood" and "femininity" on one side, and "manhood" and "masculinity" on the other side. The ambivalence of woman, as depicted by Hawthorne, consists in the discrepancy between attributes traditionally associated with "femininity", such as devotion, affection and humility, and the will...
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Mamet's men
Koranda, David ; Wallace, Clare (advisor) ; Ulmanová, Hana (referee)
1 Summary This BA thesis, partly a work of sociological theory and partly of literary analysis, discusses the crisis of masculinity in the society, placing an emphasis on the American milieu. As a starting point it uses the dramatic pieces of the contemporary American playwright David Mamet. Mamet is in his works generally attracted to the world of men, and we can only find a handful of female characters in them. Additionally, he frequently places his men, who usually share the typically masculine characteristics and behavioral patterns, into traditionally male environments - for instance on a boat or into a ruthlessly competitive real estate agency. Thus he prepares his ground to be able to fully explore one of the most prominent American social myths - the myth of masculinity. The second chapter focuses in its sociological opening part on the concept of masculinity as such. In the beginning, a historical overview of the development of human understanding of masculinity is introduced. It is apparent that it was only with the coming of the Industrial Revolution and the rise of feminism around the turn of the century that the society saw the drastic change which, as we may understand it, led to the crisis of masculinity. Later, Judith Butler's theory of the performativity of masculinity is discussed, and...
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Problematic situations during pregnancy and a baby's first year from the man's point ofview
Votíková, Henrieta ; Cimrmannová, Tereza (advisor) ; Nová, Monika (referee)
My bachelor thesis "Problematic situations during pregnancy and a baby's first year from the man's point of view." rises question of fatherhood during problematic situations in life. My discovery was, that most fathers, which filled my questionnaire, has considered their situation problematic, during the pregnancy and first year of baby's life. In futher research I tried to find out wheather or not, fathers would be willing to contact and try an advisory services and found out that they mostly wouldn't. Due to surveys lack of representativeness I conclude this result as higly suggestive which is opening doors for an other work rather then closing this matter as resolved.
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