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Affecting the growth of a tumor on an experimental animal model
Kučera, Alexandr ; Škába, Richard (advisor) ; Eckschlager, Tomáš (referee) ; Havránek, Petr (referee) ; Kalous, Martin (referee)
In this study we present the models of preventive and therapeutic vaccination of sarcoma-bearing rats with dendritic cells that present tumor antigens from killed tumor cells. We present the characteristics of DCs-based vaccine and its capacity to induce antitumor immune response both in v vitro and in vivo. We show that preventive vaccination efficiently prevents the growth of tumors. On the other hand vaccination of rats with established tumors did not led to the eradication of tumors. Despite the induction of a vigorous immune response after administration of DCs-based vaccine and transient decrease in tumor progression, tumors eventually resumed their growth and animals vaccinated with DCs succumbed to cancer. In both settings, preventive and therapeutic, DCs-based vaccination induced a vigorous tumor specific T cells response. These results argue for the timing of cancer immunotherapy to the stages of low tumor load. Immunotherapy initiated at the stage of minimal residual disease, after reduction of tumor load by other modalities, will have much better chance to offer a clinical benefit to cancer patients than the immunotherapy at the stage of metastatic disease. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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A health physical education as a part of prevention and a therapy of chronic low back pain
Mahenová, Lucie ; Strnad, Pavel (advisor) ; Benešová, Hana (referee)
A title: A health psysical education as a part ofprevention and a therapy ofchronic low backpain. An focus of the diploma thesis: The main focus of the diploma thesis was found if is it possible with help of health physical education with specialization of activation of deep stabilising muscles of lumbar spine and pelvic muscles on chronic low back pain. A method: To acquaintance with clinic and treatment of chronic low back pain I examined 20 persons (in average age 34 years). For survey about every of patient I created a sheet, which occupies with the most important points of investigations thoracolumbar part, lumbar spine, sacroiliacal joint, a part of a pelvic and hip joints. As a subjective method I took a subjective survey of patient and an examination of deep stabilising muscles. As a objective method I took measurement Thomayer and Schober distances. Results: Regular activation of deep stabilising muscles calm down troubeles in the area of lumbar shoulder and it reduced level oftension of throat museles. Regular activation of deep stabilising muscles of lumbar spine and pelvic muscles arranges a menstruation in sense ofreduction pains and intensity ofbleeding. Key words: a chronic low back pain, a deep stabilising muscles, a health physical education.
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Transformations of Rural Settlements in the Urban Fringe
Ferenc, Jonáš
Most Czech, Moravian and Silesian villages face chronic problems including the weakening of their primary agricultural function (and the fact that this type of economic activity does not appeal to the younger generations), changes in the population structure (the original population leaving for the city and new residents coming, who only return home to sleep), lower purchasing power of the village (due to low wages in the agricultural sector and in small local businesses, along with a shortage of jobs), insufficient transport infrastructure, unclear ownership relations, loss of identity due to the proximity of the urban core, and uncontrolled suburbanisation transforming villages and their surroundings.
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The preparation and characterisation of electrical properties of graphene CVD monocrystals
Hulva, Jan ; Rezek, Bohuslav (referee) ; Mach, Jindřich (advisor)
Chemická depozice grafenu z plynné fáze (CVD) je metoda schopná produkovat grafenové monovrstvy velkých velkých rozměrů. Část experimentální práce v rámci této diplomové práce je zaměřena na depozici a analýzu grafenových monokrys- talů připravených metodou CVD na měděném substrátu. Pro analýu grafénových domén je použito technik optické mikroskopie, elektronové mikroskopie, mikroskopie atomárních sil a Ramanovy spektroskopie. Úkolem další části je studium defektů po- zorovaných na mědi po depozici grafenu pomocí energiově disperzní rentgenové spek- troskopie. Množství těchto defektů bylo odstraněno úpravou depozičního systému ačkoliv takto nebylo dosaženo eliminování všech typů defektů. Poslední část této práce se zabývá měření elektro-transportních vlastností grafenu. Výsledky této části zahrnují měření ve vakuu se zapojeným hradlovým napětím a měření při nízkých teplotách v magnetickém poli.
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The influence of estrogens on mouse sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction in vitro.
Tejnická, Magda ; Komrsková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Maňásková, Pavla (referee)
- 7 - Abstract There are an increasing amount of compounds in the environment that can have a negative effect on reproductive parameters in both male and female organism. There has been a worldwide decline of sperm quality during past decades and this fact lead to an increase of unnatural ways of conception through assisted reproduction techniques in the specialised centres. Natural estrogens are one of these compounds and they get into waste water after being excluded from the body by the urine. They get back into the human body from drinking water or from the food, and they can interfere with function of endogenous hormones in very low concentrations. For these reasons it is up to date to deal with the influence of these compounds on mammalian sperm. For many years, estrogens have been considered typically female sex hormones. It is now certain that they are also very important in the regulation of male reproduction. Endogenous estrogens in mammalian males are an important part of the endocrine system. Estrogens play an important role in the development of germ cells, spermatogenesis and processes leading to successful egg fertilization such as a capacitation or acrosomal reaction. Tyrosine phosphorylation is one of the essential steps for the properly ongoing process of capacitation in sperm followed by...
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Iron-chelating Properties of Selected Novel Chelators from 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone Group
Matula, Aleš ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
4 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Aleš Matula, MSc. Consultant: Dr. Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Iron-chelating properties of selected novel chelators from 4-acyl-5- pyrazolone group Both iron deficiency and iron overload play important roles in the pathophysiology of certain diseases. A suitable therapy in the case of iron overload represents the administration of iron chelators, especially in the treatment of hematological diseases, where the chronic iron overload occurs (a long-term usage of blood transfusions). The application of iron chelators for other diseases (acute myocardial infarction, cancer, etc.) appears as a promising tool as well. The current chelators suffer from a low level of compliance, efficiency, their poor activity in acidic environment or they reduce ferric ions to ferrous ions and that leads to oxidative stress. The subject of this thesis is to verify the iron-chelating properties of selected novel chelators from 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone group by use of UV-VIS spectrophotometric methods. Four compounds have been chosen: benzyl-, phenyl- and thienylderivatives of the basic structure and the derivative marked as H2Q4, which is a double molecule of the basic structure of...
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Women in the countryside in the time of the reign of the House of Přemysl
Faltusová, Zuzana ; Žemlička, Josef (referee) ; Bláhová, Marie (advisor)
Medieval Woman has been a very popular topic In the European historicalliterature within last fifty years. I have chosen a theme of a W oman in countryside in early medieval Bohemia. Despite the low number of historical sources, I have selected a few topics, which are not only describable, but also very interesting. My essay is based on the Bohemian medieval sources like records and chronic1es, but also on the results of archeological excavations or medieval paintings. And further, I used not only the literature of the Czech historians, but also the German and English books about that period and questions. I did not seek to write about single women and the single history of their life, but I tried to describe the world of them - the society, countryside, time and the other aspects. The first big theme was the woman and her family and also the path of her life. The second topic is about the world around her. The village, where she lived, the house of her family, things she used day by day and so on. Another part speaks about the labor of women - their typical work like spinning, weaving or cooking and taking care of the house animals. The two chapters which are most based on the sources research are about the names of medieval countryside women and about the mysterious women ofthe records.
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Genová imunoterapie nádoru: DNA vakcíny proti HPV16
Poláková, Ingrid ; Šmahel, Michal (advisor) ; Hejnar, Jiří (referee) ; Reiniš, Milan (referee)
of PhD. Thesis Gene Immunotherapy of Cancer: DNA Vaccines against HPV 16 Mgr. Ingrid Poláková Cervical carcinoma (CC) represents the second most frequent cancer in women, mostly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Nowadays, two prophylactic vaccines, protecting against HPV 16 and HPV 18, are licensed. Nevertheless, development of therapeutic vaccines is desirable to eliminate current HPV infections and to treat progressing tumours. Suitable targets for vaccination are viral E6 and E7 oncoproteins. Since its discovery, DNA vaccination has become an effective strategy for development of vaccines against cancer including CC. Unfortunately, the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines in large animals and particularly in humans is low. Therefore, several ongoing studies are focused on strategies enhancing the efficacy and safety of DNA vaccines. In this work, the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines against HPV 16 delivered by a gene gun was evaluated after the fusion of the E7 and E6 genes with GUS. The increased steady-state level of the E7GGG.GUS deletion mutants and the GUS.E7GGG fusion protein enhanced the production of E7-specific antibodies after immunisation with these vaccines but did not improve the CTL response. Joining of the signal sequence with GUS.E7GGG led to ER-localisation of the...
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Changes in Brain Metabolism in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders Revealed by Quantitative Electroencephalography and Positron Emission Tomography
Kohútová, Barbora ; Horáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Libiger, Jan (referee) ; Syka, Josef (referee)
Low Resolution Brain Elecromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) is a method of quantitative EEG (QEEG), which permits 3D tomography of electrical brain activity. Positron emission tomography (PET) reflects changes of brain metabolism and regional blood flow. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the neurobiological correlates of changes in psychopathology during treatment of schizophrenia and depression, revealed by QEEG and PET, subsequently to evaluate the applicability of these two methods, and third to compare the mechanism of two therapeutic tools, antipsychotics and low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) from QEEG point of view. The first part contains the theoretical information about disorders and therapeutic tools and the review of QEEG and PET findings. The empirical part is based on four articles (Tislerova et al., 2008; Horacek et al., 2007; Kopecek et al., 2011; Kopecek et al., 2008) and a common discussion constitutes the end part. In the study 1, we compared schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine or clozapine with antipsychotic-naive patients. We found changes of electrical activity in anterior cingulate and in temporo-limbic structures. In the study 2 we studied schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations treated by LF-rTMS. The clinical improvement was...
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Welfare assessment of organically farmed cattle
Slavíková, Eva ; Chaloupková, Helena (advisor) ; Ilona, Ilona (referee)
Ethical issues in livestock breeding have been in focus of public interest recently. A strong attention is paid to living space, ability to express natural behaviour, and good care of animals known as welfare. Presented thesis aims in evaluation of animal welfare indicators on 20 farms with organic dairy production using the methodology of Welfare Quality (WQ). The following criteria were assessed: absence of prolonged hunger and thirst, comfort around resting, ease of movement, absence of injuries, disease, and pain induced by management procedures, expression of social and other behaviours, human-animal relationship, and emotional state. These criteria are combined into four basic principles: good feeding, good housing, good health, and appropriate behaviour. Principal attention is paid to the relationship between animal welfare and health.
Most farms showed high scoring of good feeding including the proportion of very lean cows and sufficient water supply. Good housing got also high evaluation, because the organic farming standards require loose housing and majority of time spent grazing on pastures. Lower scoring of good health was caused by dehorning on a part of farms, which decreases the absence of injuries evaluation. Farms had mostly low proportion of lame cows, cows with lesions and hairless patches, and cows with discharges and diarrhoea; no cow had mastitis. No expression of agonistic behaviour was recorded, the scoring of human-animal relationship and positive emotional state was fairly good, too. Obtained scores were generally higher compared to results from conventional farms published in literature. All farms were evaluated as enhanced or excellent.
Larger herds had generally lower scoring of human-animal relationship, but higher scoring of positive emotional state. Farms with dehorned animals exhibited lower proportion of very lean cows and nasal discharge. A higher percentage of lame cows was found on farms with worse cleanliness compared to farms with cleaner conditions. Proportion of lame cows correlated with the proportion of very lean cows, and together with the proportion of cows with integument alterations it was influenced by the comfort around resting.
It was confirmed that good conditions of cow breeding and good welfare lead to better health and behaviour of animals. Organic farming creates favourable conditions for good animal health and welfare. The output of the thesis provides farmers an evaluation of animal welfare on their farms and a comparison with other farms.
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