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Internet business transactions with an international element
Hůlka, Tomáš ; Brodec, Jan (advisor) ; Růžička, Květoslav (referee)
This thesis deals with issue of Internet transactions in relation to the private international law, particularly with recent sources of law that govern cross-border sale. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part addresses general issues of Internet transactions, namely the relationship between the Internet and the law, identification of subjects on the Internet, attributability of legal effects caused due to operation of electronic agents and last but not least electronic contracting, especially delivery of electronic communication and technical methods of presentation of terms and conditions by Internet service WWW. Part two provides analysis of the most important sources of law that govern cross- border sale at the private international law level, particularly those that are part of the Czech legal system, namely the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, the regulation Rome I and the Act no. 91/2012 Coll. (the act governing private international law) and beside those also relatively new unified substantive rules governing some issues of formation and performance of contracts electronically contained in the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts. In the analysis is addressed whether and what...
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Private international law in a comparative perspective: the determination of governing law for non-contractual relations in the law of the CR and the USA
Kadlecová, Kristýna ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
1 English Summary The aim of this thesis is to compare the determination of law applicable to non- contractual obligations in the Czech Republic and the United States of America. In the beginning I provide a brief overview of the international private law in general and then the substantial law of torts in both Czech Republic and the USA and the prospective changes in the new Civil Code which should be applicapble from 2014. The fifth chapter concerns with the law applicable to non-contractual obligations in the Czech Republic. In the first place there is a statute (Private International Law Act), but the majority of its provisions were overruled by the Rome II regulation, which unifies the privite international law of the EU states. According to the regulation, general rule for the law applicable to non-contractual obligation arising out of torts is lex loci delicti (the law of the country in which the dammage occurs). Rome II then provides special rules for product liability, unfair competition, environmental dammage, etc. In the Czech Republic the regulation does not apply to traffic accidents because the Czech Republic is a contracting state to Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Traffic Accidents. The sixth chapter focuses on the law applicable to torts in the USA. The first subchapter deals with...
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Internet and Private International Law
Zezulka, Denisa ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Dolanská Bányaiová, Lucie (referee) ; Zavadilová, Marta (referee)
This thesis deals with the union between the most modern communication channel yet - the Internet, and private international law. This relationship is not accidental, because the Internet provides a means through which subjects are able to communicate with each other across the world. In its simplest definition, the Internet can be defined as a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks. However, from a legal perspective - the Internet is not a legal subject in its own right, it does not have any legal obligations and therefore does not exist. The Internet is however, undoubtable a part of our every day lives. The initial focus of Internet legislation was only on the technical aspects. However as the number of Internet users has grown, the need for more specialized legislation also has. Often this specialization is assembled through the interpretation of existing laws. This thesis provides a detailed mapping of such private international laws and Internet law - which should be regarded as a separate legal specialization. It is found that the Czech Constitution and other constitutional laws provide a base for private international law at the country level; The Act on Private International Law and Rules of Procedure also provides legislation, which may be regarded as specialized. At the...
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Some aspects of electronic commerce in the view of private international law
Mičica, Dušan ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
119 Abstract (En) This rigorous thesis is split into eleven chapters. Subsequently there are recognized topics such as general characteristics of internet and electronic commerce. These chapters are followed by legal regulations of legal action and contracting. The thesis is focused on relevant norms of private international law touching electronic commerce. After general articles about conflict of laws rules and direct norms, choice of law is discussed. Next chapter deals with contractual obligations regulated by the Rome convention and Rome I regulation, followed by noncontractual obligations in Rome II regulation and the International private law act. Conflict of laws rules are followed by CISG. Also other sources of regulation are mentioned, such as EU directives and UN Convention on the use of electronic communications in international contracts. In the area of civil process, relevant provisions of the Brussels I regulation are discussed. Finally thesis deals with the regulation creating a European order for payment procedure and regulation establishing a European Small Claims Procedure.
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Companies in private international law - piercing the corporate veil
Lokajíček, Jan ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the companies in the field of the international private law. After the introduction and general remarks on the topic it proceeds to the recognition of foreign companies in the law of the Czech Republic. Subsequently, personal statute of such companies and its determination is discussed. Next the first part of the thesis focuses on the conditions under which foreign companies can run their business in the Czech Republic. Lastly, the possibility of cross-boarder movement of the companies' seats into and out of the Czech Republic is analysed. The first part of this work takes into the consideration not only the Czech law but also the law of European Union and the relevant case law of the European Court of Justice. The second part of this work deals with doctrine called piercing the corporate veil, which was established in the common law area. It analyses grounds leading to the posibility of aplication of this doctrine in common law area and in German law. The work examines cases of single companies as well as of companies being part of a group of companies. After the analysis of grounds leading to the posibility of use of the piercing the corporate veil follows their generalisation and synthesis. The conclusion of the work is dedicated to...
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Conflict of laws issues arising in connection with securing, changes and consequences of breach of obligations
Bohorodčaner, Pavel ; Kučera, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Dobiáš, Petr (referee)
This work deals with securing, changes and consequences of breach of obligations from the view of conflict of laws. It is based on a comparative method - conflict of laws rules contained in Act No. 97/1963 Sb., international civil and procedural law act, as amended are compared with Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations opened for signatures in Rome in 1980 and the Regulation No. 593/2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations. In several parts of this work, the legal regulation of the laws of Russia, Switzerland, England and Austria is reflected.
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Right of establishment in international private law
Štaňko, Andrej ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
Right of establishment in International Private Law Private companies act in the international context more intensively than any time before. There are many ways how to act on the international market. One solution is to establish a branch or a representation office instead of establishing a brand new company. The right to act in the international context using branch companies and transfer of seat is known as the freedom of establishment. The thesis covers main issues concerning the freedom of establishment and also discusses the case law issued by the Court of Justice of the European Union. The comparative view of the seat and incorporation principles is used in the thesis. With a greater detail to the Czech law, the issue of the foreign companies' recognition is discussed. The Czech law recognizes foreign companies even in the form in which it is no longer possible to establish new company in the Czech Republic. In this regard basic elements of the bare trust are discussed. The case law of the the Court of Justice of the European Communities opened Europe's corporate space and allowed the competition between the national jurisdictions to begin. Author compares situation arised on the European market with the situation in the US. As an evidence of the distinction between different US states'...
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Contractual obligations in private international law
Haasová, Tereza ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Růžička, Květoslav (referee)
The objective of this Master's thesis is to analyze the rules of law governing contractual obligations in private international law. First, the relevant sources of law and their concrete application are examined through descriptive and analytical method. The thesis is then focusing on two specific phenomena that have significantly influenced the development of the field in the last few decades. The first one is a gradual process of unification taking place at the legislation level. The second one is called "new lex mercatoria" and represents a non-sate source of rules governing contractual obligations with a cross-border element. Both of the phenomena are analyzed from both theoretical and practical point of view. The thesis is divided in five chapters and the analysis progresses from a general to a more specific level. The first chapter focuses on the legal definitions indispensable for a more detailed analysis provided in the following chapters. In order to better contextualize the rules governing contractual relationships in the international private law, the second chapter is dedicated to its historical evolution. Moreover, the chapter introduces and compares methods regulating contractual relationships in the international private law, while acknowledging the specific circumstances of their creation....
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Právní úprava smluvních a mimosmluvních závazkových právních vztahů v právu Evropských společenství
Kubát, Jindřich ; Pavlok, Jan (advisor) ; Kropáčová, Marie (referee)
Diplomová práce z oboru mezinárodního práva soukromého pojednává o současné kolizněprávní úpravě smluvních a mimosmluvních závazkových právních vztahů v právu Evropských společenství, a konkrétně o Římské úmluvě o právu rozhodném pro smluvní závazkové vztahy, o návrhu na její modernizaci a transformaci na komunitární nařízení (?Řím I?) a o návrhu nařízení o právu použitelném na mimosmluvní závazky (?Řím II?). Práce je rozdělena do tří kapitol. První kapitola se věnuje obecným otázkám mezinárodního práva soukromého a jeho postavení v právu ES a v právu ČR a jejich vzájemnému poměru. Druhá kapitola rozebírá jednotlivé instituty v Římské úmluvě a porovnává je s připravovanými změnami a s tuzemskou úpravou. Třetí kapitola se zabývá připravovanou úpravou mimosmluvních závazkových vztahů v právu ES. Celá práce dochází k závěrům o dopadu jednotlivých ustanovení na českou právní úpravu.
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