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Italian policy towards Libya, 2007-2013
Hrušková, Tereza ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with Italian policy towards Libya in the period before and after the fall of the regime of Muammar Gaddafi. The goal is to answer the question of whether and how has the Italian policy towards Libya changed after the fall of the Libyan regime. The research focuses on two priority areas of Italian interests in Libya - the issue of illegal immigration and economic cooperation. This bachelor thesis analyses, with the help of the theory Foreign Policy Analysis, the formation of Italian policy towards Libya in these categories. The comparison of results shows that Italian policy towards Libya has changed after the fall of the regime of Muammar Gaddafi.
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Relation between the concept of humanitarian intervention and regime change: the case of Libya
Hanzal, Jaromír ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
Diploma thesis Relation between the concepts of humanitarian intervention and regime change: the case of Libya is concerned with the study of military interventions after 1989 in the context of current theoretical discourse. It's main goal is assessing the 2011 NATO operation Unified Protector. The key question of thesis is, whether the intervention, due to the extensive reading of UNSC Resolution 1973, mandate still can be described in the terms of humanitarian intervention concept (in accordance with international law paradigm of R2P), or whether it rather had been a regime change. Based on primary data analysis, the paper shows that actors (most significantly the USA, France and Great Britain) contributing with a theoretically impartial military force, despite the immediate positive humanitarian outcome, helped significantly to overthrow the regime of Muammar Gaddafi. Due to the specifics of the operation, it can rather be described as a hidden regime change - a definition is also offered in the thesis. Based on the theoretical framework created by Michael Reisman, the author also assesses legitimacy of such deeds. The text is divided into three main chapters. Chapter one gives an account of broader context of just war theories, humanitarian intervention and regime change concepts. In the second...
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Conflicts in Syria and Libya from the Perspective of the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine
Filipková, Tereza ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to find out whether it was legitimate according to the concept of Responsibility to Protect that the international community intervened in the civil conflict in Libya but not in the civil conflict in Syria. First of all, the method of comparative case study, the theory of liberal internationalism and the doctrine of neoliberal interventionism is described. Consequently, the key features of the R2P concept are pointed out. In order to answer the research question I had to operationalize the criteria of legitimate armed intervention because the Report of International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, which is the basic document of R2P, uses vague terms. After I confronted both conflicts with the operacionalized criteria, I came to the conclusion that the intervention and the nonintervention are in these cases legitimate. Logically, the case of Libya fulfilled all the criteria. In the case of the Syrian civil war the criterion of reasonable prospects is not fulfilled. The different circumstances that led to the conflicts are the reason of this conclusion. Syrian society is in contrast to the Libyan one ethnically and religiously heterogenic. This is also strengthened by the fact that the country is ruled by authoritarian regime of the elite of the minority for decades.
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Democratisation proces in Libya and its reflections
Horáčková, Zuzana ; Černý, Karel (advisor) ; Německý, Marek (referee)
This work examines relevancy of theoretical aproaches on the subject of democratization processes presented by Francis Fukuyama, Samuel Huntington and Fareed Zakaria, and it discusses a level of relevancy of their theoretical concepts and theses in comparison to the democratization process in Libya, which started in spring 2011. First, the theoretical part of this work presents specific historical, sociocultural, political, religious and economic contexts of Libya from a historical-sociology perspective with a focus on the democratization and liberalization processes in Libya. It discusses democratization factors and reasons, which are applied on the situation in Libya. The empirical part of this work presents reflections and perspectives of the democratization process in Libya from an emical perspective of a Libyan citizen. These reflections are confronted with the theoretical approaches presented in the first part, especially with Huntington's Third Wave. The empirical part reflects the processes of the previous non- democratic regime of Muammar Kaddafi, then the fall of the regime and the revolution situation in Libya, a new democratic regime and finally, the perspectives of consolidation of democracy in Libya.
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Coverage of mauammar gaddafi's death in selected czech and foreign daily newspapers
Moravcová, Ivana ; Láb, Filip (advisor) ; Teplá, Jana (referee)
The Bachelor thesis "Coverage of Muammar Gaddadi's Death In Selected Czech and Foreign Daily Newspapers" deals with the complex issue of the ethics of depiction of death in newspapers. The aim of this thesis is to compare the ways in which different Czech and foreign daily newspapers covered the death of the Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi in October 2011. The theoretical part aims to explain the importance of news values, which are important factors in defining news in media, as well as it describes the ways in which death or suffering is illustrated in photography, what effects those photographs can have on the readers, why media publish such images and what are the rules for publication of pictures concerning suffering in the codes of individual media. In the second part, visual material of five Czech and five foreign media is analysed, using he content analysis for pictures related to Gaddafi's death. Selected Czech newspapers are Mladá fronta DNES, Lidové noviny, Hospodářské noviny, Právo, Pražský deník; selected foreign newspapers are USA Today, Financial Times, Le Monde, Frankurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Süddeutche Zeitung. Each case is described in detail, the most important findings are then summed up in the conclusion.
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The influence of human security in the process of legalisation and legitimisation of humanitarian intervention
Gřešák, Martin ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
1 Abstract Humanitarian intervention is one of the most contentious issues of contemporary international politics. The roots of the concept of humanitarian intervention can be traced back to the just war theory. Having examined the practice of states, I lean towards the opinion that the international custom legalizing humanitarian intervention has not fully crystallized. Although the realist school comes up with a few very convincing points, I think that the Charter of the United Nations, as it stands now, does not allow to carry out a humanitarian intervention. The International Court of Justice case law does not consider humanitarian intervention legal. The concept of human security became one of the fundamental sources of legitimization of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine. It also served as one of the principles, upon which the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty had built the doctrine of The Responsibility to Protect. The principles of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine were passed by the UN General Assembly at the 2005 World Summit. A year later, these principles were referred to in a Security Council resolution on the protection of civilians in armed conflict. Although the United Nations General Assembly resolutions are not legally binding, their come from the fact...
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Security Policy of the EU towards the Maghreb: Promoting Democracy or Stability?
Holík, Jiří ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
This graduate thesis analyses the EU security policy towards the Maghreb between 2005 and 2010. It does so in order to ascertain to what extent the level of practical policy corresponds with the level of declarations. Also, by using the promotion of democratic governance in the Maghreb countries under the ENP as s case study, the thesis means to challenge the proposition that European Union can be described as a 'Normative Power'. First chapter briefly presents the concept of 'Normative Power Europe'. Following section looks at the European Security Strategy and localizes the primary position of the goal of democracy promotion in the document. Third part gives an overview of the European policy towards the Mediterranean under which EU relations with the Maghreb have been framed. Most attention is paid to the European Neighbourhood Policy. Next chapter examines the level of practical EU policy. It consists of three separate case studies of European policy towards Tunisia, Morocco and Libya between 2005 and 2010. The fifth and final part qualitatively analyses the way four factors (trade, energy, migration and terrorism) contributed to the structuring of relations of Tunisia, Morocco and Libya with Spain, France and Italy. The thesis arrives at the conclusion that while at the declaratory level the EU strives...
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Uprising in Libya: "The Al-Jazeera Effect"
Hanzal, Jaromír ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Bednařík, Petr (referee)
The bachelor thesis Uprising in Libya: "The Al-Jazeera Effect" uses a quantitative analysis to examine the relationship the Czech printed media has towards the Arab news network Al Jazeera. The preliminary theoretical part is divided into three sections. In the first section, the author presents Al Jazeera as an important actor in the regional and global television news market. The second section summarizes the findings about two interesting phenomenons that aren't unanimously accepted by academic literature - the so called "CNN effect" and the "Al Jazeera effect". The third section then reflects on the current quantitative research that deals with Al Jazeera's news coverage. The core of this thesis rests solely on the quantitative research. The author focused on key events that could be expected to increase the references to the Al Jazeera network. Therefore, the thesis examined two twelve month periods in which international news outlets informed of the events related to the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11th 2001, and of the development of anti-regime uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa collectively labeled as the Arab Spring in 2011. The ten-year gap in between these two periods has given the author a chance to focus particularly on the change in the...
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Great Britain and R2P in the case of the intervention in Libya
Mistrík, Peter ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
The responsibility to protect (R2P) norm represents a major shift in the perception of the scope of the state's sovereignty, the conditions of its existence and the situations when it is lost in favour of the international community. The protection of the civilians has become the top priority. If it is endangered, it is the world's duty to act. Exactly in the way it happened in Libya. The goal of this project is to answer the question whether the British participation at the 2011 military campaign in Libya can be regarded as legitimate according to the R2P. It is a case study where a concrete situation, i.e. the international intervention in Libya is applied to a theoretical framework that is represented by five conditions set by the R2P. The conditions must be met in order to launch a foreign armed intervention in a state that manifestly fails to protect its population facing large-scale crimes against humanity. These conditions serve as a basis for determining the legitimacy of UK's participation in the military intervention in Libya. The careful analysis of each of them proves that Britain acted in accordance with the R2P and the mandate that was entrusted to her by the international community. However, it was not true about few of her allies. Combined with Libya's uncertain future, the R2P must...
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Conflict in Libya in the Theories of Media and Politics
Kmošena, Jakub ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Nečas, Vlastimil (referee)
Diploma thesis is concerned with the topic of relations between modern media and foreign policy. In a general context of this relation, we focused on the theory of CNN effect, describing it causes and particular manifestations mutual media and policy interactions. We try to analyze CNN effect on single case of armed conflict in Libya and its media coverage by influential American daily papers. By combination of existing scientific methods, we created adapted research method for our case, which is based on quantitative content analyses of all published articles with main topics - armed conflict in Libya - in the period of 33 days till the adoption of Security Council resolution. Main variables of our research was the date of publishing, articles range, section in newspaper and especially "value direction" of article in favor or not in favor of armed intervention to Libya. Analyses of media coverage of this topic were then confronted with factual analyses of topic in same time period. Results of our research confirmed potential relation between media coverage and US state department decision to intervene in Libya conflict. For absolute causality confirmation between these two variables would be necessary much more extensive research. Additional output of this research was confirmation of partial...
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