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Zooplankton community development in newly created small pools
Vondrák, Daniel ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Devetter, Miloslav (referee)
The relative importance of local and regional factors to community build-up is a core issue in contemporary ecology. Studies based on research of newly created aquatic habitats may improve understanding of these processes. We monitored zooplankton colonization rates and community assemblage in 20 newly dug and isolated temporary pools in Kokořínsko Protected Landscape Area. The region is characterised by deep stream valleys, extensive land use, low human influence, low waterfowl migration activity and practically absence of large water bodies. After the first hyproperiod all temporary pools were rebuilt to a permanent form. In contrast to expectations, in both cases we observed immediate colonization of newly created habitats by two main groups of zooplankton (crustaceans and rotifers), but only rotifers (Rotifera) were capable of fast successful establishment of viable populations. Cladocerans (Crustacea: Cladocera) and copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda) were observed rarely and usually in low abundances (< 1 ind-l ). 10 months after the filling of permanent pools one ostracod species (Crustacea: Ostracoda), Notodromas monacha, was recorded as well. During the 8 months of temporary pools existence the presence of 1 cladoceran and 1 cyclopoid copepod species and 12 rotifer taxa was recorded, icluding...
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Phenotypic plasticity of Daphnia cucullata in two lowland ponds
Volemanová, Eva ; Petrusek, Adam (advisor) ; Pichlová, Radka (referee)
4 ABSTRACT Characteristic high helmets in Daphnia cucullata, which increase resistance of Daphnia against various invertebrate predators, can be induced by chemical cues released by these invertebrates but also by small-scale turbulence. I evaluated the response of D. cucullata to both factors in several clones originating from two riverine pools differing in their predator regime. In a large pool, the dominant invertebrate predator is the cladoceran Leptodora kindtii, and the Daphnia population there shows a typical cyclomorphosis. In the second (small) pool, Daphnia do not produce helmets, despite the presence of the phantom midge larvae Chaoborus flavicans. I compared phenotypic changes of Daphnia cucullata clones from these pools to Chaoborus kairomones and to a small-scale turbulence in laboratory experiments. Kairomones induced significantly longer helmets in clones from both pools; however, only clones form the large pool reacted also to turbulence. As all daphnids in the experiments responded to chemical cues from Chaoborus, I assume that either the kairomone dose under natural conditions in the small pool is too low to induce helmets or the phenotypic response of the local population is mediated by other factors. On the other hand, the variation of response to small-scale turbulence suggests that...
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Dynamics of rare and threatened species on local and regional scale- from theory to practice
Lampei Bucharová, Anna ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tichý, Lubomír (referee) ; Jiménez, Ares (referee)
To assess the status of a rare plant species, we must first understand the factors that affect the size of populations and their numbers. In this thesis, I study processes affecting plant species prosperity on local scale (paper 1), factors influencing species distribution in landscape and ability of species to colonize new habitats (paper 2) and species traits responsible for gene flow between established populations (paper 3). Since I work with rare plants, I also aim to turn theoretical knowledge into practical recommendations for nature conservation (paper 4) to help effectively preserve rare and endangered species. In the first 3 papers, I work with two rare fern species restricted to serpentine rocks, Asplenium adulterinum and A. cuneifolium, in a study system covering 10 × 10 km. I found that both species are long living (several decades) and in the study region, populations are in a good state and slowly growing. Even very small populations (10 individuals) have quite high chance to survive. In both fern species, I found dispersal limitation, which might be surprising regarding huge production of small spores in ferns (paper 2). The species differ in ploidy and thus, also mating system. A. adulterinum is tetraploid and its main breeding system is intragametophytic selfing. A. cuneifolium is...
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The Importance of the Streetwork and Streetmobil Projeets in the Drop In
Matějovská, Ada ; Dočkal, Jan (advisor) ; Holečková, Alice (referee)
The main topic of this work are two exchange programs - Streetwork and Streetmobil I which are organized by the Drop In Foundation. These two street programs are very often the first services which a drug user meets. The target population of this type of services is the so called hidden population, with minimum motivation to seek proffesional assistance and to solve their problems. Both programmes are focused on minimizing the health nad social risks and the negative impacts of drug misuse for users themselves and for the society. The aim of this work is to describe how these programs work, what the differences between them are and why they are so important. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Výhody a nevýhody mikroúvěrů v případě Chile
Bellon, Fotis ; Gutiérrez Chvalkovská, Jana (advisor) ; Inostroza Pino, Luis Ernesto (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the debate on microfinance commercialization, using the case of Chile. Another purpose of this thesis consists in mapping the field of microfinance in Chile. The hypothesis that is examined in this study is whether the commercialization of microfinance in Chile has brought opportunities and trade-offs with respect to poverty alleviation in the country. The methodology used in order to gain understanding of several aspects of commercialization of the microfinance sector in Chile is descriptive statistics accompanied by a qualitative analysis of the demand side of microfinance. To this end, interviews were conducted with several microfinance institutions and specialists. The results of the study indicate that the commercialization of microfinance in Chile has indeed brought opportunities and trade-offs with respect to poverty alleviation in Chile. Two opportunities that this study defines, are the increase in the scale of outreach and the increase of geographical outreach. Secondly, in contrast to these opportunities, a tendency for the commercialized microfinance institutions to pay less attention to the poorest segment of the Chilean population, is defined as a trade-off of the commercialization of microfinance.
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Sociální determinanty zdraví a ekonomiky: Globální finanční krize 2007/08 a její dopad na blahobyt Evropanů
Scheier, Samuel ; Štěrbová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Mevenkamp, Nils (referee)
Objective Objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the recent economic crisis of 2007/2008 on the subjective well-being and health status in thirteen European countries. Methods The European Social Survey (ESS) database was searched for individual health and wellbeing indicators and the database of the European Commission Eurostat for economic indicators. Data representing social determinants like education, housing and employment status and others before, during and after the crisis were retrieved. Eurostat data were used to analyse economic indicators and health outcomes on country level. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the changes in the different parameters over time. Regression analysis was performed to demonstrate relations between subjective well-being and different social determinants. Results Between 2006 and 2012 all countries experienced changes in their populations' subjective well-being. From 2006 to 2010 (crisis) the number of people with good or very good subjective well-being increased in France, Ireland, Belgium and Portugal by 0.6%, 1.0%, 1.2% and 6.5%, respectively. In Denmark and Spain this number remained basically stable. In Sweden, the United Kingdom, Finland and Germany the percentage of the population with good or very good subjective well-being decreased by 1.1%, 2.7%, 1.7% and 2.8%, respectively. Regression analysis demonstrated a significant relation between good and very good subjective well-being and level of education, main activity during the last 7 days, satisfaction with life, satisfaction with household income, main source of household income, gender and age. This relation differed for various factors and countries. In none of the countries satisfaction with national health services and satisfaction with current state of economy within the country was found significantly related to subjective well-being. The main amendable determinant correlating with a higher degree of subjective well-being is good education. The correlation between education and subjective well-being got stronger after the crisis than before or during the crisis. Conclusion Economic development does not have a uniform impact on subjective well-being. Education is a major amendable determinant influencing individual well-being. We could not find evidence for any significant impact of the organization of the healthcare services or social system on the subjective well-being.
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THE EVALUATION OF LEVEL OF THE QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN THE CENTRAL BOHEMIAN REGION IN 2015
Vavrochová, Jaroslava ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Barák, Vladimír (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyse provided social services and to evaluate their current level of the quality ,availability and structure in the Central Bohemian region. Special attention is devoted to the district of Kladno, which is one of the most populous districts of the region. The topic of social services is not only actual from the point of view of demographic trend of the population ageing, but nowadays it is also necessary to give an essential succour to other disadvantaged groups of the inhabitants. It is possible to say that social services have an influence on the quality of life and the current social system is based on the high level of social services and on the comprehension of specific needs of the individuals. The thesis devotes to the availability and structure of social services, which are provided for individual target groups of the inhabitants in the Central Bohemian region. The thesis concludes that social services are afforded in the desirable structure and mainly in bigger cities. The lower number of social services is given in smaller central and peripheral areas of the region. In the district of Kladno there is given the large number of social services of all sorts. They are available in the high quality. Nevertheless, the offer of social services for pensioners is not sufficient, the main reason is insufficient capacity of the long-stay services.
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Emissions from transport - a new pollutants
Dvořák, Rostislav ; Sommer, Lumír (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This work is focused on platinum group metals (Pt, Rh, Pd), their use in the automotive industry, risks associated with the occurrence of these substances in the environment, their potential impact on population health and, ultimately, the characteristics of these elements and some of their compounds as such.
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Problems posed by the protection of lamprey and fish localities of European importance in the drainage areas of the Dyje, Morava, and Odra rivers
Lusk, Stanislav ; Lusková, Věra ; Lojkásek, B. ; Halačka, Karel
In consequence of the accepted legislation concerning the protection of lamprey and fish species of European importance, potential sites of community interest (pSCI) have been selected for such species. At present, the national list of the proposed pSCI is being examined by the European Commission. If approved upon, the pSCI will be proclaimed "special areas of conservation" within the NATURA 2000 system. Although such pSCI and their populations are protected by legislation, there occur risks that endanger, both directly and indirectly, the quality of the pSCI and the population of the particular species. The examples mentioned in the paper indicate that such risks include local emergency pollution, construction of weirs and small hydraulic power plants, extraction of sediments from streambeds, cruising vessels, and stream modification. Such risks are due to the inconsequence and reluctance in observing the legal protection measures by concrete authorities of nature conservation.
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