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The Influence of Serotonin Selective Reuptake inhibitors on Gastrointestinal Microflora
Vlach, Jaromír ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Tilšer, Ivan (referee)
1 Abstract Background and purpose: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), drugs used for treatment of depression, show in vitro antimicrobial activity against several groups of microorganisms. The aim of our study was to prove a hypothesis about the negative influence of SSRI in vivo on function and constitution of gastrointestinal microflora. This effect could be expressed by higher frequency of symptoms of gastrointestinal dysmicrobia and discomfort in patients with depression treated by SSRI compared with healthy volunteers. Methods: Our research was based on questionnaire about symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort. We investigated a group of 213 persons subdivided into 3 subgroups: patients with depression treated by SSRI (group SSRI) - 80 persons, patients with depression treated by other antidepressant drugs (group Non SSRI) - 50 persons, and group of healthy volunteers (control group) - 83 persons. Results: We used statistic method of chi-square test for analyzing differences between groups. Group SSRI showed statistically higher incidence of occasional vomiting after food, daily burp with stress and treated digestive problems compared with control group. Both group SSRI and Non SSRI showed similar statistically higher incidence of absence of formed stool, absence of daily periodic...
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The Effect of Pshysiotherapy for Urinary Incontinence in Pregnancy and Especially after Childbirth
Říhová, Marie ; Aujezdská, Eva (advisor) ; Sládková, Petra (referee)
Title: The effects of physiotherapy for urinary incontinence in pregnancy and especially after childbirth Abstract: The topic of my bachelor thesis is the complexity of the effects of physiotherapy for urinary incontinence in pregnancy and especially after childbirth. The thesis includes qualitative research. In the theoretical part, the anatomy of the female pelvis, incontinence problems and examination overview, the course of pregnancy and childbirth with possible negative consequences on the pelvic floor are described. Additionally the paper describes the mechanism of developing stress urinary incontinence in women and theoretically demonstrates physiotherapy for the stress incontinence. The practical part contains physiotherapeutic methodology with introduced exercise examples, which impact pelvic area. Furthermore a group of exercises suitable for women during pregnancy and after childbirth orientated on the incontinence prevention is shown. The thesis includes two casuistics, kinesiological analysis, physiotherapy description, short and long term plan and exercise results. Key words: Urinary incontinence, pregnancy, childbirth, physiotherapy, pelvic floor
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Effect of stress on corticosteroid metabolism in peripheral tissues
Makal, Jakub ; Pácha, Jiří (advisor) ; Vybíral, Stanislav (referee)
Stressor influence can lead to homeostatic disruption. To eliminate this threat, mechanism which compensates negative effects of stressor was evolved by organisms. It's called stress response. One of two major systems that moderate stress response of organism is hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). Effectors of the HPA axis are glucocorticoids, steroid hormones secreted from adrenal glands. Enzymes which metabolize glucocorticoids are located in target tissues for these hormones. They convert active glucocorticoids into their inactive forms, or vice versa. Untill now, two such enzymes have been described - 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases type 1 and type 2. It was proved that expression and activity of these enzymes can change under the influence of stressor. These changes are tissue-specific and dependent on type of applied stressor.
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Social determinants of health in select romani communities
KAJANOVÁ, Alena
This dissertation thesis titled ``Social Determinants of Health in Selected Romany Communities{\crqq} adverts to the issues of relationship between the health condition and social and economic factors, as well as other external or culture-conditioned influences affecting them. I have based my work on the concept of ten social determinants of health by Wilkinson and Marmot (2005). The theoretical section adverts to the interrelation of particular determinants in the Roma communities and the specific role of stress affecting all determinants. Thereat, I have based my study on generally available findings, primarily those acquired from research surveys, against which I have compared the results of my research section. The objective of this presented thesis is to describe the influence of social determinants of health in the wider context of everyday living in selected Roma communities. In doing so, I have primarily focused on impediments to the full participation of the described target population in the living of the majority society due to social exclusion. The target population consists of five multi-generation Romany families from two separate locations. Two families enjoy a higher stratification status (including a representative of the Romany elite) and three live in socially excluded locations. Having considered the specifics of the target population and orientation on the common day of the respondents, I have opted for socio-ethnographic field research, i.e. a qualitative by a research method, with the prevailing technique being participative observation and interviews. Processed research data is presented, alongside discussions, in subchapters following upon the topics of the theoretical part of my thesis, i.e. particular groups of health determinants. The results indicate that it is not only the underprivileged socio-economic conditions that take a share in the worsened health condition of persons living in socially excluded locations but these also involve therefrom originating stressors, which are often specific (symbolic element of social exclusion, alternative sources of livelihood). I also attribute a special meaning to culture-conditioned norms and opinions that, in some cases, bear a negative influence on the health condition via behavioral factors (such as a low number of Roma mothers lactating their children or attitude to the abuse of habit-forming substances). Apart from the identification of the influence proportions breakdown by social determinants of health in Roma communities, I see the benefit of my thesis in its qualitative nature, predestining it for utilization in a wider, longitudinal quantitative research of the target Romany group.
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Photosynthetic parameters as secondary selection traits during plant breeding for salt stress tolerance
Hlavatá, Věra ; Kočová, Marie (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
High salt concentration is important abiotic stress factor that negatively affect plant growth and development and finally also their yield. Increase of plant tolerance to this stress factor is thus one of the most important goals in breeding programmes, particularly in areas with saline environment. Various physiological traits have been suggested for the testing of plant tolerance to improved salinity. Photosynthetic parameters play undoubtedly the main role, because of their rapid response to stress conditions. Generally, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence belong to the photosynthetic parameters, that are usually recommended for the evaluation of stress tolerance. All of them were also used for study of salt tolerance in crop plants. The advantages of these measurements are rapidity, non-invasive techniques and particularly, the possibility to test wide collection of genotypes during the short period. Although some of the parameters were recommended for the evaluation of stress tolerance, the results are still ambiguous. The aim of this study was to briefly describe the changes of selected photosynthetic parameters of different plant species in consequence of salt stress and assess the usefulness of these parameters for reliable screening for salt tolerance.
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Media Image of several football clubs during the season 2010/2011
Štěpánková, Iva ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
A topic of this thesis addresses the media image of three football clubs as this was reflected in the Czech press within 2010/2011 season. The attention is paid to the press coverage of Sparta Praha, Manchester United and Dukla Praha. The specifics of their image are followed in three differently profiled Czech titles. Deník Sport represents the sport - focused newspaper, Mladá fronta Dnes stands for the most widely read Czech newspaper with a special regional sport section and Hospodářské noviny has been chosen because of their specifically economic profile where the sport section represents just a minor part of each issue. The term "media image" is linked to the signs of evaluation and expression of support for a particular team as it is mediated through the articles. This support is analysed through the structure of topics and through the use of subjective language. The aim is to point on how these teams were presented during the season and how their presence kept changing in the press within the time. The possible differences and overlapping are explained more into details. The term "media bias" is related to subjective reporting that stresses negativity or stardom on the contrary. The term is used to point out potential devotion from objective reporting. It is used to address possibly...
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The influence of oxidative stress on mammalian sperm quality and fertilization ability.
Dudková, Barbora ; Komrsková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Svoboda, Petr (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the oxidative stress and its influence on structures and physiologic functions of mammalian sperm. Oxidative stress is a consequence of imbalance between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants in the body. It is associated with impaired quality of sperm and it is considered to be one of the major reasons of male infertility, including humans. This work is presented as a research review targeting how and where reactive oxygen species are generated in the male reproductive tract. It summarizes specific structures and physiologic functions that are influenced by reactive oxygen species either positively or negatively and it also covers a protective role of antioxidants in seminal fluid.
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The effect of biotic stress on the metabolism of saccharides in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Kloudová, Kateřina ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Tichá, Marie (referee)
Plants have developed a number of ways how to minimise negative influence of the environment. As a consequence of stress action, plants carbohydrate metabolism is quite often influenced, esp. on the level of expression and activities of different enzymes and also several metabolites concentration. One of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism is invertase. The aim of this work was to find out, whether the activity of its isoforms (cytoplasmic, vacuolar and extracellular) in tobacco plants is influenced by Potato virus Y (PVY). It was shown, that activity of cytoplasmic invertase was not affected, but the activity of vacuolar and extracellular isoform was enhanced during potyviral infection. Hence, it is likely, that vacuolar and extracellular invertases are related to plant antiviral defence. The effect of PVY on other enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and several metabolites content was studied. Activity of α-amylase and phosphorylase, starch-degrading enzymes, was strongly enhanced during potyviral infection. That is probably how plant cells get glucose, which is a key source of energy and metabolites for biosynthesis of different compounds. It may also serve as a signal molecule. Activity of other hydrolytic enzymes, β-glucosidase and β-hexosaminidase, was also slightly increased. There was no...
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Oxidative stress and its role in respiratory diseases
Zakouřilová, Jana ; Melicharová, Ludmila (referee) ; Pourová, Jana (advisor)
Free radicals are essential part of common physiological metabolic processes in the organism. They are involved in the protection of the organism from heterogeneous elements, participate in many chemical reactions, serve as substrates for a numer of enzymes, have a signal function, mediate vasodilatation and also participate in reproduction. However all these functions must be under continous and strict control of antioxidant mechanisms because free radicals are also highly reactive substances. Failure of antioxidant control mechanisms can give rise to or at least contribute to serious damage of genetic information, molecules, tissues or regulatory mechanisms. The purpose of antioxidant protection of the organism is to counteract the negative effect of free radicals, even during and ongoing disease. The system is extremely complex, its individual components cooperate and sometime are in synergy with one another. The overproduction of free radicals can participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases of the respiratory system (for example: COPD, asthma bronchiale, ARDS, lung cancer). In the treatment of the diseases with suspected overproduction of free radicals, antioxidants may also be administered during therapy. To achieve good results, exact assessement of the actual condition of the organism...
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Existential quantifier "any" in determinative and pronominal function, and its translation equivalents in Czech
Pohořálková, Pavla ; Klégr, Aleš (referee) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor)
This thesis is concerned with the existential quantifier any in determinative and pronominal function, and its translation equivalents in Czech. Its pronominal compounds anybody, anyone and anything will also be included. In nonassertive contexts in the determinative function any is used for expressing the indefinite reference and is unstressed but it also has a weak quantifying function. Stressed any expresses not only quantity but also a certain quality. Nonassertive any also occurs in indirect questions, conditional sentences, restrictive clauses and in negative complex sentences including a nominal content clause. The appearance of any in assertive contexts will also be discussed. The aim of this thesis is to gather 130 examples of any and its compounds anybody, anyone and anything and their Czech translation equivalents. A contrastive linguistic analysis and description of them will be executed. The comparison with the Czech language will be interesting because in English any and its compounds have different functions and distribution than in Czech. The parallel texts that will be used as sources for the analysis are Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone by J.K. Rowling, The Holy Thief by Ellis Peters, Life Before Man by Margaret Atwood, A Widow for One Year by John Irving, and Choke by Chuck...
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