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The EU Policy to Fight Public Sector Corruption in the Member and in the Candidate States: an Instrument to Reduce Corruption or a Cause of a Paradoxical Membership Effect?
Svobodová, Dora ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Potůček, Martin (referee)
The tiploma thesis "The EU policy to fight public sector corruption in the member and in the candidate states: an instrument to reduce corruption or a cause of a paradoxical membership effect?" deals with the conception, the development and the current state of the EU anticorruption policy in the member and in the candidate states. It provides an introduction into the issue of corruption and its control, with a particular emphasis on the corruption in the post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The thesis explains the interest of the EU in this phenomenon and provides an overview of the EU instruments to fight corruption in the member and in the candidate states. At the same time, it compares the effectiveness of the two dimensions of the EU anticorruption policy. Exemplified by the case of the post-communist states that entered the EU in 2004, the thesis analyzes whether the EU accession is connected with weakening of obligations that arise from this policy. Due to possible negative consequences of such a paradoxical membership effect, the thesis searches for possibilities how to reduce it and how to prevent it in the future. The thesis also provides for a brief case study on corruption and anticorruption in the Czech Republic from the application for the EU membership until now.
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Conflict resolution among competitive Ballroom dancers in the process of learning and the influence of personal relationships
Vanek, Marián ; Chrz, Vladimír (advisor) ; Šlédr, Jiří (referee) ; Lindová, Jitka (referee)
Basic element of competitive Dance Sport is the dance couple. For being succesful, it's needed to master the combination of specific dance skills, sport skills, stress resilience and skills connected to dance partnership, mainly communication skills and conflict resolution skills. Since the scientific research of conflict resolution among competitive couples is very scarce, aim of our explorative qualitative research is to understand how Latin Dance Sport couples experience conflicts and their subjective meaning of partnership in competitive dance. Experiences of dancers of various dance classes and their trainers were gathered using questionnaire (= 43) and half-structured interviews (= 13). Based on themati analysis, relevant themes were identified and described, and explanatory model further based on activity theory, game theory and theory of interdependence was proposed. Model suggests that contradiction of two different motives (competitive success vs. partner relationship) in the activity systems of competitive dance predisposes possible complex relationships between (implicit and/or explicit) aims of dancers, their type of partnership, possible expressed conflicts and their preferred styles of conflict resolution (based on the unique context of every dance couple). Relevant identified themes...
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Self-assessment and mutual-assessment ability in squamate reptiles
Čekal, Jakub ; Frýdlová, Petra (advisor) ; Kubička, Lukáš (referee)
Agonistic interactions throughout the animal kingdom can inflict various costs upon involved animals (decreased fitness, higher risk of predation etc.). To prevent such losses, many species have developed different morphological and behavioural adaptations to display their fighting ability. These adaptations allow animals better assessment of different costs and benefits associated with fighting. Assessment can be divided into two main categories based on the amount of information, that opponents take into account. Self-assessment assumes that rivals consider only their competitive ability and the potential benefits of winning a fight. During mutual-assessment competitors are also capable of considering possible differences in their apabilities and either escalate the fight or back down. My thesis is literary research of this topic in squamate reptiles. The assessment was characterized in several families of Squamata. Additionally, it evaluates the most important traits, that determine a potential winner and introduces different behavioural models of assessment. Used literature suggests that the most reliable predictor of fighting success within these families is the body size, and that mutual-assessment seems to be more prevalent. Keywords: assessment, RHP, aggression, agonistic interactions,...
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Matrix games with a random payoff
Račko, Lukáš ; Kopa, Miloš (advisor) ; Lachout, Petr (referee)
In this thesis we study matrix games and more specifically the case when the payoff matrix is random. We present several solution models for such games, based both on characteristics of the payoff and on the theory of chance-constrained programming. In the numeric study we formulate and solve a real-world motivated problem of two electricity providers on a closed market. We use different approaches presented in the theoretical part of the thesis to find optimal strategies for both companies.
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Multiplatform Card Game with Artificial Intelligence
Trejtnar, Martin ; Chlubna, Tomáš (referee) ; Matýšek, Michal (advisor)
This thesis focuses on artificial intelligence in card games. The goal is to implement a multi-platform game of this genre in the Unity game engine, to summarize possible approaches that are being used in order to create intelligent agents and furthermore to design and describe the most suitable method or combination of methods for the chosen game. The research that was carried out has shown that the problem domain of card games is rather specific, making it more difficult to use the general-purpose algorithms. The problem given was solved using the rule-based artificial intelligence. The intelligent agent has been implemented for a game of imperfect information, which is considered to be the main contribution of this work to the community. Even though the artificial intelligence player is making minor tactical mistakes, his behavior closely resembles the way of thinking of semi-experienced players.
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Advance parts of game theory and their applications
Chvoj, Martin ; Kopa, Miloš (referee)
Title: Advance parts of game theory and their applications Author: Mgr. Martin Chvoj Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Petr Lachout, CSc. Abstract: This work deals with advance parts of game theory and their applications mainly in financial area and follows a work Applications of evolutionary and differential game theory written by Martin Chvoj in 2010. At the beginning there is a brief introduction into classical game theory, which uses a concept of Nash equilibrium. The work requires knowledge of this theory. In following chapters, modern ways of game theory are described in detail. These chapters deal with basic concepts of evolutionary, differential, statistical games and metagames, which are supported by a number of examples and application possibilities. Work contains an original example which models an income tax system as a differential game. This model uses a Czech tax legal framework for year 2009 and statistical data, which can be found at Czech bureau of statistics. Keywords: game theory, evolutionary games, differential games, statistical games, metagames, personal income tax
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Multicriteria games
Tichá, Michaela
The concern of this thesis is to discuss different multicriteria games solution concepts. Multicriteria game is a special case from the game theory if the payoff function of at least one player is a vector and the player wants to maximize all the criteria at the same time. The thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first instance a few motivation examples are introduced. Subsequently the history of the multicriteria games is mentioned. The theoretical chapter follows. It contains five sections - introduction of new definitions; the structure of the set of equilibria for two person multicriteria games; searching equilibria points by the help of scalarization of the vector-valued function; introduction of ideal equilibria points and ways how to find them; the comparison of used methods. The last solution concept is demonstrated by the real example. Finally a theoretical chapter with new results is included. 1
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The impact of changes in public procurements law on the behaviour of actors
Procházka, Jan ; Ochrana, František (advisor) ; Zápotocká, Veronika (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to contribute to our understanding of the legislative framework governing public procurement in the Czech Republic. Using data from interviews, applying Game Theory and the Principal-A|gent model, and using the Goal Tree tool I show that individual actors behave rationally. Before submitting a tender they evaluate not only expected profits, but also possible corruption, threat of penalties. I also identify several practices used by actors in order to to manipulate public procurement. After evaluating actors' behaviour, developments inf public procurement legislation and of possible penalties, and drawing on extensive literature search I draw up recommendations for public policy. These t would help improve public procurement in the country, their efficiency, effectiveness and economy, without violating key public procurement principles (non-discrimination, equal treatment, transparency and proportionality). If adopted they would contribute to reducing the level of corruption in the Czech Republic.
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Game theory as a confict and cooperation theory
Horáček, Jaroslav ; Černý, Karel (advisor) ; Šubrt, Jiří (referee)
The main focus of this work is the relation between sociology and mathematics, especially the relation between sociological theories of conflict and cooperation and the game theory. In the work four general theories of conflict (and coopera- tion) are introduced - theory by John Rex, Kenneth Boulding, Louis Kriesberg and František Znebejánek. Each is accompanied by a critical review. Next, the formal game theory is introduced. The main effort is to shed new light on game theoretic concepts known in sociology and introduce some of the less known ones. The text is focused on the main ideas and explanation without mathematical for- malism. Historical relation between sociology and game theory is discussed. Also some topics that are not well handled in game theory from sociological point of view are further elaborated - assumption of rationality, definition of utility and preference, assumption of general knowledge etc. There are also topics from mathematics and informatics slowly penetrating sociology - computer simulation, prediction, that we also discuss. The possible modifications and merit of game theory for sociology is also included. Inspired by the previous theories, at the end of this work a new theoretic model of conflict and cooperation is introduced, which tries to overcome some imperfections of the...
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Application of cooperative game theory in Cournot oligopoly
Eryganov, Ivan ; Mazal,, Jan (referee) ; Hrdina, Jaroslav (advisor)
This Master’s thesis deals with the application of cooperative game theory for solving the problems of Cournot's oligopolies. The knowledge of oligopoly theory and game theory has been elaborated to build a model describing the behavior of companies at a market that meets the preconditions of Cournot's oligopoly. The definition of cooperative game is based on the -characteristic function, which takes into account, compared to classical methods, that companies which are not in the coalition are pursuing their own profits, not suppressing coalition positions. The properties of the resulting cooperative games are examined in detail, focusing on monotony and convexity. Several theorems about these properties have been derived and their economic interpretations are given. Also, the question of calculation of the -characteristic function using the best-reply dynamics algorithm is being solved, and its convergence for a given type of games is justified. The model is applied to data from the oil market, which is further characterized by the results of the cooperative game.
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