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Czech in aphasia: what can off-line experiments tell us?
Flanderková, Eva ; Mertins, Barbara (advisor) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee) ; Lehečková, Helena (referee)
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Social Construction of Species superiority
Klicnar, Filip ; Vandrovcová, Tereza (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
This thesis charts the social construction of species superiority in the Euro-Atlantic civilizational area. The goal is to describe the process of construction of this superiority and simultaneously to describe the impact of it. The beginning of the species superiority was domestication of the wild animals. Second defining moment was the transition from a traditional into industrial society, in which the animals where materialized and considered to be an object in trading relationships, as well as the belief in legitimate use of animals for economic purposes in the society. This belief is thoroughly irrational. Throughout the process of reality construction the society begun to perceive the given status as natural and right. In order to escape the question of ethical contradiction it has crowded out the negative aspects of that reality from the perception of its members, in which some psychological mechanisms are helping individuals to escape the reality. The final chapter of this thesis charts the conditions that have made the Holocaust possible and on which our modern rational-economic system lays ground. These conditions are being preserved in the "nature" of the economic system itself.
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Nuclear Iran Oversecuritized? The Politics of Benjamin Netanyahu's Speeches
Orossová, Eva ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis "Nuclear Iran Oversecuritized? The Politics of Benjamin Netanyahu's Speeches" is concerned with the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's speeches held in front of the UN, American Congress, Jewish lobby in the US AIPAC and foreign audience by several special occasions. It is based on the assumption that language is not only a neutral communication tool, but also a political tool serving the aim of achieving political goals. The aim of the thesis is to identify the linguistic tools of categorization, legitimization and securitization which Netanyahu used in order to persuade the international audience about the imminence and existential character of the threat posed by Iranian nuclear programme, and finally to achieve its elimination or at least tough punishment for Iranian non-compliance. Moreover, the thesis provides the reader with the overall context, namely the effect of Netanyahu's speeches, the nature of Iranian nuclear programme and its consequences for the situation in the Middle East.
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Concept of human being during categorization process in birds
Kocourková, Zuzana ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Exnerová, Alice (referee)
Quick and successful recognition and categorisation of a potential social or sexual partner as well as dangerous predators is an essential ability for each animal. Creation of categories and cognitive processes required to do so are of great importance to uderstanding to cognition of other species than human. This thesis aims primarily on categorisation experiments using pigeons. Recognition and categorisation might be exercised via a concept (a mental representation). Exercise of this highly evolved approach in pigeons is a subject of a dispute. This thesis goes through and evaluate research on categorisation and presence of a concept, mainly a concept of a human being. It answers what type of concept is utilised and introduces a conclusion of pigeons having a concept and an ability to exercise it. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Gleaning, trash picking, scavenging: Dumpster diving and symbolic boundaries between clean and unclean
Kubatová, Marie ; Čada, Karel (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
The author deals with the phenomenon of dumpster diving. Being focused on those divers who are used to dumpster dive not being pressed to it by their financial situation, she concentrates on their definition of purity and their way of dealing with symbolic boundaries of clean and unclean. After summarising social-environmental and social scientific background of the phenomenon in context of the theoretical frame based on Mary Douglas and her book about purity and danger the author presents a qualitative analysis of participant observation and in- depth interviews with informants who dumpster dive voluntarily. Based on quantitatively and representatively tested public opinion on dumpster diving she points both the colourful composition of dumpster divers' motives and ideological believes and their reflection and norm- based boundaries categorization that is connected to food they are used to eat. In connection with informants' conception of food value the author argues that through inspiring power of the first dumpster diving experience informants' understanding and dealing with those boundaries have changed. Nevertheless, she stresses that despite being convinced their way of consumption is right and thus pure the informants tend to apply and present themselves by pattern of conduct that...
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Futile care in intensive care
Formáčková, Jitka ; Prošková, Eva (advisor) ; Stoklasová, Radka (referee)
V ANGICKÉM JAZYCE THE FUTILE TREATMENT IN THE INTENSIVE CARE The theoretical part is define the concept of the futile treatment, analyze its legal and ethical context, especially within nursing and medical interventions, categorize the treatment and summarize the procedure of making decisions of changing the treatment in the Czech Republic. The purpose of the theoretical part is mapping the situations when the intensive care is pointless and how to proceed in the situations like these. The practical part will process a qualitative research by a form of personal interviews with several representatives of the professional public. The purpose of the practical part is to describe their personal experiences with this issue and to know their opinions of the situations when the futile retreatment is under way and how to categorize a treatment correctly. These interviews isprocessed by a form of the final discussion then. KEY WORDS: futile retreatment, intensive care, categorization, life quality, withdrawing, withholding, interview, euthanasia
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The Dog in Linguistic Picture of the World in Czech and in Russian
Jíchová, Darina ; Kitzlerová, Jana (advisor) ; Stranz-Nikitina, Veronika (referee)
I. Abstract and Key words This bachelor thesis deals with the linguistic picture of dog in czech and russian language. The thesis is based on the theory of cognitive linguistics, especially on theory of semantic school of Lublin. Linguistic part of this thesis is based on the analysis of the Czech dictionaries (etymological, explanatory, synonymical and phraseological dictionaries) with the brief addition of the symbolism of dog. The conclusion presents a cognitive definition of the koncept dog. Key words: cognitive linguistic, czech language, russian language, anthropocentrism, the linguistic picture of the world, categorization, systemic and textual connotations, phraseology, dog
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Linguistic Representation of the National Stereotypes in Czech Media and the Application of Cognitive Aspects in teaching Czech
Vlasáková, Zuzana ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee) ; Holanová, Radka (referee)
Résumé This thesis under the title Linguistic Representation of National Stereotypes in Czech Media and the Application of Cognitive Aspects in Teaching Czech deals with which national stereotypes (about Romani, Vietnamese and Russians) are present in the samples selected from Czech media and how these stereotypes are linguistically represented. The paper is based on the presumption that despite the principle of political correctness present in most of the journalists' code of ethics, it is not possible to avoid some manifestations of shared fixed images of nationalities (called stereotypes) in media. Furthermore, we argue that the media image of the world is based on the Linguistic Image of the World. The theoretical basis of the cognitive linguistics, especially the Prototype/Stereotype Theory and categorization as the way of understanding and assorting the world, were the main methodological sources. There is a chapter on each analysed national group that depicts the means of its categorization and lists the particular categories that ensued from the analysis, as well as the stereotypes that were discovered in the surveyed sample. This thesis also deals with the application of aspects of cognitive linguistics in Czech language lessons (not only), as well as the possibilities of working with national...
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Visual experince as example and pattern in relation to the expansion and influence into human life
Nohejl, Jiří ; Wittlich, Filip (referee)
The main theme of this dissertation is to define an image as a visual experience. The human interaction is described by the author himself as a perception of the image, which serves as an information unit that could be presented as a possibility, example and pattern for the individual. There is an emphasis on the process of perception itself and on the way of interaction of an individual emphasizing the context of social learning and imitation in this text. The analysis of the principles of this interaction leading into introduction of the partial interactive models covering these processes is formed by the essential plane. The structure of the thesis is divided into ten main chapters in which the author tries to introduce a category of perception, a definition of the image and imitation as a tool of cultural transmission, presentation of the units of this transmission, the process of the interaction itself and analogous example of the fundamental role that a person in this interaction holds. There are also three analogies of these roles, which refer to the anthropological universal interaction describing the man as a gatherer and hunter. Their main purpose is to illustrate the form of a human experience better. Finally, there are reflections on the topic above. The possibilities and results, which...
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