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International actors and the concept of failed states: case study Somalia
Lubinová, Tereza ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
This master thesis deals with the approaches of international actors, especially UN, EU and USA, to the concept of failed states, which are demonstrated on the illustrative example of a state of this category, i.e. Somalia. We think of failed states as a security threat, with which the international community provisionally cannot deal. The master thesis discusses how the international actors deal with this issue in terms of its solution and how they think of the failed states in terms of sovereignty. On the selected case of Somalia it is subsequently illustrated that approaches of selected international actors are not very heterogeneous. The international community agrees to support the central government, although it is not recognized in the whole territory of the state, and endeavors to rebuild a functional state. Although the state is internally totally dysfunctional, its external sovereignty is still recognized.
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The concept of "Responsibility to Protect" and the international community. The case of Sudan
Linková, Zuzana ; Werkman, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
The thesis "Concept Responsibility to Protect Within International Community: Sudan Case Study" focuses on the R2P concept and its implications since its approval at the World Summit in 2005. The theoretical part of the thesis explains the R2P concept, its constitution, the three pillars and their main principles, and categories of crimes on which the concept can be applied. This section includes an analysis of attitudes, which the key international actors adopted towards the R2P. The last chapter of the theoretical part examines the main problems, challenges and difficulties of the concept which could the international community face when implementing the concept. The practical part of this thesis relates to the conflict in Darfur. Its first chapter deals with the evolution of tensions in Sudan, which had affected the current conflict. The second chapter focuses on the present conflict since its beginning in 2003, including the debate about the possibility of potential genocide committed by the Sudanese government. The involvement of the key international actors (the UNSC and AU) in the conflict is discussed in this part as well. Finally, the last part interconnects the concept through the three pillars with the conflict and; it evaluates functioning of the R2P in the case of Sudan. The evaluation...
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UNRWA and its activities in selected Middle East countries
Hlaváčová, Lenka ; Šánová, Lucie (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
The main aim of this master thesis is analyze role of UNRWA in the Middle East in 1950- 2010 based on the collected data. The main focus is on the population growth tendencies which are often criticized as the result of the UNRWA politics and which might be prolonging the conflict in the area. Second part of this thesis focuses on the elementary and preparatory education at UNRWA schools. Based on the research done, it was concluded that UNRWA isn't responsible of Palestinian refugee growth as it is the result of population growth in region and the result of foreign events. In question of elementary and preparatory education, the decreasing percentage tendencies in attendance at UNRWA run schools have been observed despite multiplication of the refugee population. This might be a result of failing to accommodate to the needs of Palestinian refugees.
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The role of peacekeeping in resolving ethnopolitical conflict: Comparative study of Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Cyprus
Šinkovičová, Martina ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee)
Diploma thesis deals with the connection between the nature of implemented peacekeeping operation and possible positive output of this activity and thus with successful peacebuilding in the specific context of etnopolitical conflicts. Etnopolitical disputes constitute a vivid challenge aimed towards United Nations organisation. Mainly, because this organisation is one of the main actors of international system in finding solutions of etnopolitical conflicts and because United Nations also proposes concrete tools for their resolving - peacekeeping missions. We work with assumption that the nature of etnopolitical conflict and the nature of conflicting parties involved influence, to an important extent, involvement and impact of peacekeeping operations in resolving these conflicts. Diploma thesis, through the use of theories of origin and solvability of ethnic conflicts, creates the framework within which their more complicated solvability can be explained as well as inhibitors of theoretically successful models. Likewise, the typology of peacekeeping operations is defined and also narrower understanding of peacebuilding, as a set of political and security aspects, is described. Datas from four case studies then offer an opportunity to formulate partial endings and findings of examined causal relation. C lick...
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English optative sentences introduced by if only and I wish and their Czech translation counterparts
Štěpánová, Tereza ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Popelíková, Jiřina (referee)
The present work studies English optative sentences introduced by if only and I wish and their Czech translation counterparts. Optative sentences introduced by I wish are followed by a nominal content clause and those introduced by if only represent subordinate clauses with the matrix clause being absent. The main aim of the present thesis is the analysis of the Czech translation counterparts, particularly the means that are used for translation with regard to the orientation of the wish, i.e. wishes referring to the present, to the future and to the past. The possible translations include structures with lexical predicators, sentences introduced by Czech optative particles, non-finite constructions as well as other structures that semantically express the discourse function of wish. In addition, attention is paid to the un/realizability of the wish and its influence on the translation. The analysis is performed on one hundred examples - 50 introduced by if only and 50 by I wish- which were excerpted from the parallel corpus InterCorp being accessible through the Czech National Corpus website.
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Instruments for international organizations to compel their member states. An example of the conflict in Nagorno Karabakh.
Klepš, Václav ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
in English The object of this diploma thesis is to answer the question, how can international organizations (UN, Council of Europe and OSCE) effectively regulate conflicts among their member states, or which instruments are they for this purpose equipped with. The thesis is divided into three main parts - theoretical study, part dedicated to the individual international organizations and the case study. The first part offers a definition of basic legal concepts, as they will be used in the following parts of the study with an emphasis on the definition of the concept "coercion". The following part deals with the instruments of coercion the international organizations are equipped with. In the third part are the findings from the previous parts confronted with a real case of the effort to regulate the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia in Nagorno Karabakh. This structure of the thesis can be also described as a progress from a theoretic basis, through an applied theory contained in particular agreements, to their practical realization in the concrete case. Based on the completed study the author concludes that unilateral instruments of coercion, that the particular organizations have at their disposal, are often not appropriate (exclusion from organization), ineffective (political declaration)...
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NATO's Crisis response operations in the light of Yugoslav wars
Blažek, Martin ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Tejchman, Miroslav (referee)
The bachelor thesis NATO's Crisis response operations in the light of Yugoslav wars deals with the development of the security policy of NATO in the 1990's in the sense of Non- Article 5 crisis response operations. First, NATO's strategic concepts of 1991 and 1999 are compared. The differences in these concepts illustrate the change of fundamental objectives and means of the Alliance in the area of crisis response operations. Analysis of the events in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the years 1992 - 1995 and Kosovo in 1998 - 1999 follows. Crucial moments of NATO's involvement in these conflicts are observed. Based on this analysis, the thesis is trying to define how the events in former Yugoslavia influenced the development of the official NATO policy, which is based on the aforementioned strategic concepts.
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UN sanctions against Iran
Hulvejová, Jana ; Bříza, Vlastislav (advisor) ; Pulgret, Miroslav (referee)
The bachelor thesis UN sanctions against Iran deals with the issue of proliferation and international sanctions - an element in the strategy to prevent proliferation in the Middle East. In order to halt Iran's efforts to become a nuclear state, the UN Security Council adopted several rounds of sanctions targeting mainly Iran's nuclear programme, its trade and finances. However, Iran's continuous defiance of international isolation and political pressure and its refusal to give up the nuclear programme raise the inevitable question of the sanctions' efficacy. The first part of the thesis constitutes an introduction to the issue of international sanctions, it presents the history of Iranian nuclear programme and also the response of the international community not only in the form of sanctions, but also negotiations. It attempts to analyse the security threat posed by Iran, its defending arguments and probable motives. The second and third part of the thesis deal with the sanction measures imposed on Iran. The author examines the individual UNSC Resolutions and their subsequent implementation, gradually moving towards the assessment of the effectivity of sanction measures with an emphasis on economic and psychological impact and how it affects the nuclear programme. The thesis attempts to analyse the...
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Cooperation between the UN and regional African organizations phenomenon: Peacekeeping mission
Suchardová, Hana ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Werkman, Kateřina (referee)
SUCHARODVA, Hana. Fenomén spolupráce OSN a regionálních afrických organizací: Evaluace peacekeepingových misí, Praha: Karlova universita, Fakulta sociálních věd, Ústav politologických studií, 2011. 138. Vedoucí diplomové práce Oldřich Bureš, PhD Summary Occurrence of conflict in unstable region is one of the biggest threats of current international system and states. One of the mechanism how to prevent the spread of the conflict is the system of multilateral cooperation. Peacekeeping operations are one of the instruments for conflict settlement. Beside the system of United Nations in past years occurs another structure that could be used for peacekeeping missions. For example we can use regional organizations. Many literatures is focused on UN system and its work, fewer of them are concerning the fact of regional organization and just few of them are related to the factor of cooperation between UN and regional organizations. This is the vacancy these papers want to address. Cooperation is the main factor studying in this thesis. To be able to analyze the factor of cooperation we have to take in consideration several different fields of international relations. First of all it is the theory of international relations. To facilitate the conclusions theories are divided into traditional and current theories...
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Participation of UN in humanitarian crisis caused by armed conflict, focused on humanitarian intervention
Vehovská, Lucie ; Nováček, Pavel (advisor) ; Mička, Pavel (referee)
This diploma work "Participation of UN in humanitarian crisis caused by armed conflict, focused on humanitarian intervention" devotes to problems with using humanitarian intervention as one of the most controversial measures, that were reaction to humanitarian crisis, caused by armed conflicts. It focuses on humanitarian intervention of first half of 90's, when this concept was stigmatised by unsuccessful solutions to armed conflicts in Rwanda and Somalia. It tries to reveal fouls, which UN committed in these conflicts and maps out the pretences at balancing with these fouls and taking instruction to the future. Furthermore it devotes to questions which using concept of humanitarian intervention stired up and new concept Responsiblity to protect is also gone with the same questions. This work maps out measures of UN, which are using in case of armed conflicts and shift of opinion from the term humanitarian intervention to concept Responsibility to protect, which implemention is stiring up lively discussion. Nevertheless this concept was unanimously voted by all member countries in Summit OSN 2005. Efforts of international security and peace with be ever actual issue a this issue should be at front of all people's interest.
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