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The Social Construcion of Mental Illness - Historical Changes during Middle Ages and Early Modern Times
Sklenařík, Pavel ; Paulíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kotlík, Pavel (referee)
The present thesis deals with the phenomenon of madness in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age. The author describes the function of madness in the context of each historical period by way of examining the historical development of the social status of the mentally ill. Various aspects of insanity as well as distinct characteristics and qualities of lunatics persons, such as gender, assets, or the actual level of mental disorder, are taken into consideration in order to demonstrate the consequently differing approaches of the sane to the insane and vice versa. The result of the historical process of the formation of the society's stance towards the lunatics and insanity in general is then transferred to the present where the discussed processes are demonstrated on real examples. Insanity is viewed through the prism of social constructivism. In line with the view that insanity, as a social construction, is a product of discourse, one of the present work deals with the dispute on the right of defining insanity whose result influenced the inception of psychiatry as a discipline as well as the current attitude of the society with respect to insanity.
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The Concept of the Political in the Political Theory of Hannah Arendt
Schreib, Petr ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of the concept of politics in the political theory of Hannah Arendt. It is based on the premise that Arendt understood politics as the space of free action which is absent in the modern age. Accordingly, the basic questions are how Arendt defined this space and how it can be established. In the first chapter Hannah Arendt is introduced as a political theorist. The second one analyses the basic theoretical distinctions of the public and private sphere and the triad of labor, work and action. Using this conceptual basis, the following chapter explains the concept of freedom in Arend's thought, its modern revelation through the phenomenon of revolution and her proposition of constituing a political system which could guarantee freedom.
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Emerging Voices: The Portrayal of Minorities in the Work of Willa Cather
Plicková, Michaela ; Robbins, David Lee (advisor) ; Ulmanová, Hana (referee)
The thesis seeks to explore the portrayal of the othered, marginalized individuals in the fictional work of Willa Cather. The primary focus of the text is the first-person narrative of My Ántonia (1917). Other complementary primary sources are Cather's remaining two prairie novels - O Pioneers! (1913) and The Song of the Lark (1915) - and two books of the author's later artistic creation - Death Comes for the Archbishop (1927) and Sapphira and the Slave Girl (1940). The former two books function as a preliminary mapping of Cather's concerns developed in My Ántonia, the latter two texts present Cather's later reflections of otherness. The thesis focuses on Cather's incessant examination of the workings of the white, male, heteronormative discourse in the context of modern American nationhood: by her "queer" writing, she aims to unearth and subvert the coercive social mechanisms, and give voice to those who were eclipsed from the project of the rising economic empire: ethnic others (African Americans, Native Americans, European immigrants), and gendered and sexual others (women, homosexuals and lesbians). The identity of modern American society reposes on the construction of the social other and the artificial category of normality. Cather, on the other hand, examines the difference - sexual, racial,...
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Drugs addiction and Church's position
Kalivoda, Miroslav ; Eliáš, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kuźniar, Mariusz (referee)
English abstract This thesis is entitled "Požívání návykových látek a stanovisko církve", or, in English, "Use of Addictive Substances and Attitudes of the Church." It aims at providing - at least a limited - description of this problem, which is a negative feature of modern history of the Czech Republic. Following a shift in its political system in 1989, when a liberal capitalist system replaced a Communist system, the structure of values and the social structure of Czech society - young people in particular - changed much. Most of the data that I use apply to the Czech Republic and, to a lesser degrese, the European Union and the US. I look at these data from the perspective of the Catolic Church, that is to say, Christian ethics, morals, and the Canon law. I also examine the effect of evil with regard to this issue. The belief that the real situation of using addictive substance is very bad and extremely dangerous for the future hasproved to be correct. The Czech republic is one of the worst affected countries in Europe in term of using addictive substances (tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs). This is due to underestimating and taking a negligent approach to the problem in the past, among other factors. This had resulted in a rapid increase in use of these substances and in related crime. These is a...
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Gender, identity, culture
Poláková, Markéta ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Ferrarová, Eva (referee) ; Opletalová, Lenka (referee)
The dissertation work Gender, identity, culture presents an analysis of a picture of a man and a woman in the contemporary Czech society. The fundamental research theme is a transformation of gender identity under influence of cultural changes which have be in progress since the end of 19th century. In the theoretical part of the work, a research of biological and cultural factors that influence the creation of our gender identity is mapped. More emphasis is put on modern technologies and media, which have bigger and bigger importance in the lives of contemporary people. Gender identity is projected not only into how people perceive themselves but also into creation of intersexual relations. The practical part of the work is devoted to this theme. This part is focused on an analysis of gender identity being projected into dating advertisements on the internet. The tool of the practical research was a content analysis in combination with depth interviews with people who have undergone this way of dating. Key words: gender, sex, identity, gender deconstruction, virtual reality, anthropology
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Dependency theory in works of Andre Gunder Frank and Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Hanuš, Karel ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Holubec, Stanislav (referee)
(English) This work deals with dependency theory n conceptions of its two main exponents Andre Gunder Frank and Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Metodologically is it based on a basic hypothesis of sociology of knowledge that human thought (both everyday knowledge and abstract theories) is fundamentally determined by its social and historical context. It follows necessity combine a historical and sociological approach. At first, the work concentrates on historical and theoretical conditions of emergence of dependency theory (especially modernization theory, Marxism and structuralism). A core of the work is focused on writings of Frank and Cardoso, their intelectual trajectory, metodology of analysis, concept of dependency and its political implications. Hereupon follows a sketch of political influence of dependency theory in a form of Frank's activity as an advisor of Salvador Allende and particularly of Brasil at a time of Cardoso's presidency and a survey of a vast and wide-ranging critics of dependency theory. Final part of the work is comprised by a sketch of contemporary position of dependency theory, its influence and actual relevance.
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Prevention of complications endoscopis surgery
Müller, Radek ; Kučera, Eduard (advisor)
This theme is dealing with historical development of the endoscopic methods in his opening part. Then this theme focuses on the identification of occurrence of complications in the endoscopic gynecology. First of all it focuses on laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH). This theme speculates about the possibilities of prevention except of the complications. This theme was created by using the file of 487 patients who were operated by the LAVH method in the Institution for care about mother and child in Prague - Podolí in the interval of 2005 - 2008. The results of analysis are: 396 (81,3 %) patients were cured without any complication. Peroperational or postoperational complications were occured in 91 (18,7 %) cases. The patients with complications (91 cases) had in 58 (11,9 %) cases the less severe complications (fever or subfever at least 3 postoperation days, vaginal infiltration or the combination both of this complications. The group of 33 patients was affected by one or more severe complications. The theme compares getting results with National register of complications in gynecology laparoscopy. The summary says us that LAVH method belongs to the modern procedure in therapy of great group of gynecological pathology. There is very low occurrence of complications by using necessary...
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National myths and separationist tendencies of small nations in southern Caucasius
Lohr, Štěpán ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with national myths of nations living in the region of Southern Caucasus, in the territory of Georgia, respectively. National myths play an important role in legitimacy of states and territorial claims of separatist minorities. The main objective of this work is to study Georgian national myths and consequently to compare them to the myths of national movements of smaller nations (Abkhazians, Ossetians, and Adjarians). The basic notions used are defined in the first part of the work (Chapters 2 and 3). The second part (Chapters 4 and 5) is focused on concrete myths of these nations. Conclusions of second part are illustrated by tables, summarizing attained findings. The work is based on premise that the conceptions of nationalism and the nation are modern phenomenons, developed as late as in the connection with industrialism - in the region in question it means within 19th century - whereupon I will seek to impugn supposed historicity of (Georgian) nation. It alleges that the Georgian nation has its roots already in
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Design of search engine for modern needs
Maršálek, Tomáš ; Palovská, Helena (advisor) ; Strossa, Petr (referee)
In this work I argue that field of text search has focused mostly on long text documents, but there is a growing need for efficient short text search, which has different user expectations. Due to this reduced data set size requirements different algorithmic techniques become more computationally affordable. The focus of this work is on approximate and prefix search and purely text based ranking methods, which are needed due to lower precision of text statistics on short text. A basic prototype search engine has been created using the researched techniques. Its capabilities were demonstrated on example search scenarios and the implementation was compared to two other open source systems representing currently recommended approaches for short text search problem. The results show feasibility of the implemented prototype regarding both user expectations and performance. Several options of future direction of the system are proposed.
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