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Regulation of alternative splicing
Dušková, Eva ; Staněk, David (advisor) ; Trejbalová, Kateřina (referee)
Alternative splicing is an important cellular mechanism. It allows to produce multiple protein isoforms from a limited number of genes. Regulation of alternative splicing involves cis-acting elements on pre-mRNA and trans-acting splicing factors (SR and hnRNP proteins). Because splicing occurs co-transcriptionaly, chromatin structure appears to have a role in the regulation of alternative splicing. We have studied the effect of histone acetylation on alternative splicing. We have prepared splicing reporter for alternative EDB exon, which is part of the fibronectin gene. We have shown, that the inhibition of histone deacetylases affects splicing pattern of EDB exon from the reporter in the same way as the splicing of the endogenous EDB exon. Furthermore, we have shown, that the structure of the promoter affects splicing of alternative EDB exon from splicing reporter. Currently we have found out, that the structure of the promoter influences the degree of histone H4 acetylation. Inclusion of alternative EDB exon in mRNA was inversely proportional to histon acetylation on the reporter. This work might explain why various promoters have different splicing patterns of alternative exons.
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Effect of knock out of yxkO gene on environmental stress adaptation in genus Bacillus
Tkadlec, Jan ; Lichá, Irena (advisor) ; Krásný, Libor (referee)
We have previously characterized a Bacillus subtilis mutant defective in growth and osmoadaptation under limited K+ concentrations. In this mutant, the yxkO gene encoding a putative ribokinase is disrupted. This gene is supposed to belong to the sigma B operon and its expression is induced after osmotic, heat and ethanol shock. In comparison to the wild type, this mutation causes pleiotropic changes in host phenotype. In addition to its osmosensitivity, the mutant differs in cell shape, motility and ability to produce endospores. Our goal was to focus on manifestations of the mutation in the yxkO gene in other bacteria of the genus Bacillus. Using plasmid pMUTIN4 we have prepared mutants with disruptions of this gene derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii strains differing in the yxkO surroundings and in the level of laboratory domestication. As in the previous study (with laboratory strain Bacillus subtilis 168) we demonstrate impaired ability of the mutant strain derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to grow in potassium limitation and osmotic shock. We have studied this phenomenon at the level of the growth dynamics of the bacterial culture. We have also detected an increased sensitivity of the strain derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to...
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Antinociceptive and neurotoxic effects of opioids
Moravcová, Radka ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Hejnová, Lucie (referee)
2. Abstract The curative actions of opioids have been known over two millenia. However, the mechanisms of their analgesic effects were only decoded in the last 20 years. There are 3 main types of opioid receptors (µ, κ, δ), that are together with the opioid peptidic system involved in antinociceptive processes and are widespread in the nervous system. Calcium plays a very important role in the pain perception and antinociception. Changes in its concentration are crucial for the neurotransmitter release. The relationship between the analgetic actions of opioids and the availability of Ca2+ in the CNS is explained in the way that, decreasing extracellular concentration of Ca2+ and/or by passaging through the membrane, antinociception will increase. Opioid analgesic effects are limited by their relatively high ability to create tolerance or addiction. Since these effects only result from heavy doses and long-term usage, severe complications should not arise during the right usage of these drugs. However, opioids can also have neurotoxic effects. The opioid-induced toxicity occurs in case when opioids release toxic metabolites during the process of their degradation in the liver. The neurotoxicity can be induced by the oxidation of the double bond in the opioid's chemical structure, thus producing free radicals...
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Study of the role of glutathione in the anthracycline-induced cardiomyocyte injury
Vávrová, Anna ; Šimůnek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kvasničková, Eva (referee)
The clinical usefulness of anthracycline antineoplastic drugs has been limited by the risk of serious cardiotoxicity. Its precise mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, although the oxidative stress is widely believed to play a principal role. The anthracycline toxicity to heart may result from its high accumulation in myocardial tissue, richness on mitochondria producing reactive oxygen species and relatively poor antioxidant systems including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. This study is focused on the role glutathione in daunorubicin (DAU)-induced cardiotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Total, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) have been determined by a spectrophotometric method using dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) in DAU (0.1 - 10 µM) - exposed H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell line and heart tissue from daunorubicin-treated rabbits (3mg/kg weekly, 10 weeks). In H9c2 cells, DAU induced significant toxicity (IC50=0.48 µM), levels of total glutathione were slightly but insignificantly decreased, the levels of oxidized glutathione were unafected. Neither buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis) nor 2-oxo-4-thiazolidine-carboxylic acid (OTC, a glutathione synthetic precursor) had any significant effects of DAU cytotoxicity. This contrasted...
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Habitat colonization by the neophyte Impatiens glandulifera and factors limiting its distribution
Marková, Zuzana ; Hejda, Martin (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Habitat colonization by the neophyte Impatiens glandulifera and factors limiting its distribution The invasive alien Impatiens glandulifera has been present in the flora of The Czech Republic for more then one hundred years. It has colonized banks of all larger rivers and its spread is still in progress. The presence of Impatiens glandulifera is mostly reported from associations with nitrophilous dominant species, mainly riparian tall herb and scrub communities.. However, the impact on native vegetation is rather low in these types of invaded habitats. It cannot be distinguished unequivocally, if this alien's preference for riparian habitats is associated with the site conditions or with the specific dynamics of the river, which i) transports the seeds efficiently and ii) creates sites suitable for the invasion of I. glandulifera via its flooding regime. The spectrum of habitats further from the river that have been reproted to be occupied by this invasive alien seems to be wide (rocks, forest edges and coppice, embankments, wet meadows). Plants tend to be smaller on these sites and generally do not create such dense stands as in riparian habitats, however, they do flower and produce seeds. That is crucial for their futher spread. Studies suggest that if I. glandulifera changes its site and habitat...
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Education of Religion at the Conservatory of Jan Deyl
Podéšťová, Martina ; Eliáš, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kuźniar, Mariusz (referee)
Education of Religion at the Conservatory of Jan Deyl English annotation The goal of this work is to handle the issue of religious education at the Conservatory of Jan Deyl in Prague given the type of students and the specific conditions of the school and study on it. Tradition of teaching blind people from ancient times to the present shows understanding of social change in relation to disadvantaged fellow citizens. Specific profile of the school Jan Deyl Conservatory in Prague and its students was formed gradually in the light of the company until today. The school now produces graduates capable of concert and teaching activities. However, their possibilities are still limited with regard to their visual and sometimes combined disabilities. This disability can sometimes be largely offset by the various tools that can greatly assist in teaching of religion. Due to the personal situation of students is very important personality of teachers of religion. Hours of religion are at the Conservatory specially designed and oriented with regard to the specific problems of students. keywords: Conservatory of Jan Deyl blind teaching blinds Education of Religion visual and combined disabilities
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Vladislav's Jagellonian, king of Bohemia, fiscal situation in the years 1471-1490
Trnka, Pavel ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vaněk, Vojtěch (referee)
Vladislaus Jagiellon's fiscal situation was problematic from the very beginnig of his reign. The royal sources of revenue were considerably limited. The most important incomes came from the crown property, the escheat of noblemen's estates, the mine regal, the mining undertaking, the royal mint, and the general tax. Initially, the young king was supported by his father, Casimir IV the king of Poland, who granted him probably less than 72 000 Hungarian florins during the years 1471-1473. The crown propety which was part of royal chamber embraced royal towns, monasteries, castles, and domains. The incomes produced by them, especially the so called special tax, were reduced considerably by pawning. This was especially true in case of the monasteries and castles whose importance for the royal chamber was negligible. Vladislaus held permanently only three castles, Karlštejn, the Prague Castle, and Krivoklát. There was about 35 royal towns in Bohemia. The towns paid in chamber the so called town census besides the special tax; despite of the pawning, this all together still was an important king Vladislaus' source of revenue. The towns and partially also the monasteries sought to redeem their own property or chamber payments pawned by the king. The Jews also belonged to the royal chamber, paying to it a special...
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Perspective on Taxation of Motor Vehicles in the EU and Impact of Crisis on Automotive Industry
Maryško, Michal ; Láchová, Lenka (advisor) ; Láchová, Lenka (referee)
This work is devoted to the issue of taxation of motor vehicles, which is nowadays particularly crucial problem mainly due to the increasing impact of transport on the environment. Transport belongs among the five main issuers of CO2 into the atmosphere. Transport contributes almost 16% to the total emissions and road transport contributes 7% to this part. Because of this reason, the European Commission created and proposed a new form of taxation on the use of motor vehicles. This proposal is based on CO2 emissions and vehicle weight. Every single car producer will be forced to reach its specific goals until the year 2012. Emissions should be reduced to the threshold of 120g/km. Another way to battle emission of pollutants into the air are EURO emission standards, which establish binding limits for certain types of pollutants for brand-new vehicles. Afterwards, there is paid the attention to the current situation in the Czech Republic. Road tax (supplemented with time and power charging) has the main role in motor vehicle taxation. Nevertheless, people are presently facing the world economic crisis. Therefore, car producers have to spend a great force in order to remain on the market and it is not an easy task. In conclusion, I deal with financial aid, which had to be given into the automotive industry to let it survive. Just in Europe, car industry employs over 12 million people and fills public budgets with 360 trillion euros on average. It means that it is absolutely necessary to support this kind of industry at present.
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Konvertor Word-to-LaTeX
Kebrt, Michal ; Kopecký, Michal (referee) ; Skopal, Tomáš (advisor)
This work is devoted to Word-to-LATEX program that converts documents written in Microsoft Word into LATEX format which is suitable for typesetting books, manuscripts, scientiffic articles, etc. The program can be customized so much that it enables to produce completely different output formats (e.g. XML). In this work I also tried to compare text processors and LATEX format and emphasise their pros and cons. The Microsoft Word object model is briefly described, its problems and limitations are also covered. Finally, the way of improving performance of applications that automate Word is suggested.
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Cable-supported bridge
Adler, Filip ; Glovina, Filip (referee) ; Nečas, Radim (advisor)
The subject of this master thesis is to design a pedestrian bridge supported by cables. There are three variants of studies created for this case and for most suitable one, all documentations were produced. The primary focus of this work is on static design solution with an output of several drawings. Static model for results from load cases included construction stages and was created in Midas Civil. Design and checks were performed by hand calculations, complemented by checks of several sections by IDEA StatiCa software. Analysis and calculations are compliant to up-to-date codes and respect the fundamentals of analysis due to limit states.
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