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Pharmacology of LSD
Fencl, František ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee) ; Pourová, Jana (advisor)
Hallucinogenic drug LSD was synthesized for the first time in the research institute of the Sandoz company in Basilei in 1938. Its discoverer, Albert Hofmann was interested in ergot alkaloids and modification of their basic structural component - lysergic acid. With the aim of obtaining a chemical compound of therapeutic quality, he prepared his twenty-fifth derivative of lysergic acid named LSD-25. Psychical effects of this drug were discovered five years later, in 1943. From this moment on, LSD was the subject of investigation in many pharmacological and clinical studies. A very strong effect on the human psyche based on the damage of perception and mind as well as alienation from the real world was observed. Although the effect of LSD on the human organism, including its effective doses, ability to induce addiction and other pharmacological parameters have been assessed in a number of studies, the exact mechanism of this effect remains unexplained. It was demonstrated that LSD is capable of affecting the deepest centres of human emotions, and look inside the human soul with their help. This effect was later used in clinical psychotherapy for the treatment of some psychical disorders with very good results. However, the cases of LSD abuse and acts of violence or crime due to this drug were...
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Subjective view of patiens to new procedures for treatment of alcohol dependence in comparison with previous aversive method
Dvořáková, Helena ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Pašková, Miroslava (referee)
The theme of this work is women's addiction to alcohol and their subjective view of medical treatment in the context of their own treatment. This work is focused on the all-society problem of alcoholism, particularly for women. Subsequently on the inpatient treatment - in which principles worked previously and as currently conceived. This is a qualitative study in which women evaluated previously applied aversive approach and the current cognitive-behavioral model of treatment. There has been growing number of specialists for alcoholic treatment recently. There are many methods and approaches which are applied to the treatments. Currently, there are more significant therapeutic approaches helping people to deal with their risky emotions and various cognitive - behavioral methods and methods leading to enhancing motivation. Each person is individual and it is very difficult to develop such a therapy or set of treatments, which would suit to the growing number handicapped people.
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The analysis of pressure distribution over the sole while standing and walking in heel spur patients, prior to therapy and following shock wave treatment
Komendová, Radka ; Dyrhonová, Olga (referee) ; Jelen, Karel (advisor)
The thesis "Analysis of the distribution of the sole pressures in standing position and in walking of person s with the diagnosis of calcar calcanei before and after extracorporeal shock wave therapy" is a theoretical-empirical case study. The theoretical part deals with kinesiology and function of foot, furthermore it attends to postural stability system, control, analysis of physiological walk and plantar distribution of pressures in standing position and in walk. Also, findings about heel spur and its treatment possibilities are worked up. The theoretical part ends with the summary of findings about extracorporeal shock wave therapy, advantages and disadvantages, indications and contraindications. The empirical part of the thesis is concemed with verifying the influence of extracorporeal shock wave therapy to standing position and walk of patients with the diagnosis calcar calcanei. The main object of the research was observing changes in the distribution of the sole pressures in standing position and walk of the patients with heel spur before and after extracorporeal shock wave herapy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies.
Sekerová, Lenka ; Navrátilová, Lucie (referee) ; Jílek, Petr (advisor)
Therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies (in oncologic indications) Background Monoclonal antibodies (Mab) are one of the possible means of treating oncological diseases. This thesis aims to summarize basic information about them and provide an overview of all antitumour monoclonal antibodies registered in the Czech Republic, whose stage III studies had been concluded before December 31, 2008. Main findings An overview of concluded stage three studies of all registered indications for seven tumour antibodies have been created including alemtuzumab, bevacizumab, cetuximab, ibritumomab tiuxetan, panitumumab, rituximab and trastuzumab. Considering the brief use of Mab in the medical practice, many of the studies have not been finished or their results are still to be published. Judging from the overview, the scope of indication of some monoclonal antibodies rises depending on the duration of their use. At the beginnings of therapeutic use, mainly for ethical reasons, monoclonal antibodies were applied to patients with later stages of the disease. The increasing amount of information on effectiveness and safety of the treatment as part of the research has enabled the use of biological treatment in earlier stages of tumour diseases and also in the adjuvant therapy. In comparison with the...
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Treatment of biological samples before HPLC analysis - determination of alfa-tocoferol in erythrocyte membrane
Pospíchalová, Naďa ; Solich, Petr (advisor) ; Matysová, Ludmila (referee)
α-Tocopherol is the principal membrane antioxidant in mammalian cells, although antioxidant is not the only mechanism of this vitamin. Many studies consider erytrocyte α-tocopherol levels to be more suitable to assess the tocopherol status of organism than its plasma levels. This thesis presents erytrocyte membranes α-tocopherol HPLC-UV analysis with diferential ultracentrigation and solid phase extraction sample pretreatment. Red cell samples were ultracentrifuged (288 000 × g, 3 minutes, 4 řC) in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), D-mannitol, HEPES and CaCl2. Then α-tocopherol was extracted from erytrocyte membranes by solid phase extraction with n-hexane in the presence of ascorbic acid and tocopherol acetate internal standard. The extract was dissolved in methanol and separated on the monolithic column Chromolith Performance RP-18e (100 4.6 mm) using a 100% methanol as the mobile phase. The absorbance of α-tocopherol was measured at 295 nm wavelength.
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New trends in the treatment of diabetes
Vodrážková, Tereza ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Melicharová, Ludmila (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is the name for the group of chronic diseases, which are manifested as malfuction metabolism of saccharides. It's one of the oldest global disease. 200 milions people, both sexes and all age bracket suffer from it. Diabetes is dividing in DM I.type, which attack 7% of patiens, and DM II.type, which rises from a lot of stress, unhealthy food and absence of sport activities. The objective of diabetes treatment is early diagnosis, which can prevent the expansion of severe insulin deficiency, resistence of insulin and other metabolic disorders. Diabetic treatment includes pharmacology treatment - with insulin and peroral antidiabetics, and unpharmacology treatment, which cooperate with drugs in reducing morbidity and mortality. My dissertation specializes in new types, new production technology and new styles of aplication insulin to the body. It's also targeted the description of new groups of peroral antidiabetics, especially their development and clinical testing. Treatment of diabetes also involves transplantation of pancreas and therapy by steam-cells, which is still only in phase of clinical trials. To good compensation of DM contribute phytoterapy, diabetic diet and recommended sport activities.
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Anterior talofibulare ligament and its influence on the stability of the ankle
Kalvasová, Eva ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Dylevský, Ivan (referee) ; Kučera, Miroslav (referee)
Autor's first name and surname: Mgr. Eva Kalvasová Title of the doctoral thesis: Anterior talofibulare ligament and its influence on the stability of the ankle. Workplace: Institute of fyziotherapy FTVS UK Supervisor: doc. PaedDr. Dagmar Pavlů, CSc. The yaer of the presentation: 2009A sprained ankle is the most common injuryMost frenkvently spr ABSTRACT: Introduction: The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) lesion is the most frequent injury of the ankle joint. The ATFL protective function is changed during gait and is influenced by the incorrect foot position as well. Objective: The objective is to describe the influence of ATFL on the ankle stability during gait and standing. The polemic discuss the optimal therapeutic treatment of the lateral ankle ligaments injury and the ankle instability. Methods: Thematic analysis Results: The foot segments position and the position of crus affects the function of ATFL. The ligament function is impaired by incorrect position of foot segments. In consequence the ligament cannot protect the ankle joint and the ankle joint instability and potential injury can occur. The optimal therapeutic treatment for ankle instability requires global approach to activate all components participating on postural stability. Conclusion: The ATFL protective function is impaired by...
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Social economics and a treatment of unemployment in towns and regions
Kozák, Petr ; Kadeřábková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jetmar, Marek (referee)
The diploma thesis "Social economics and a treatment of unemployment in towns and regions" addresses on an area of social enterprise and also has an ambition to proof, that in this area is hidden a huge potential for future resolutions of unemployment of specific group of people. The thesis is divided into two main parts. First which is theoretic and methodical is based on explanation of a basic terms, a description of previous development of this phenomena in Czech Republic and in selected european countries. It also deals with definitions of basic relationships occuring in this economic area. An essential component is also a legal basis and an explanation of a regularization of social enterprise. The second part is focused on an established and efficient subject in an area of the social enteprise in Czech republic. There are calculated all pros and cons of a given organization with a consideration of theoretical knowledge from first part of the thesis. The main target is to proof, that those companies, organizations and firms which are based on "social-economical" aproach should be maintained not only for their social aspects, but also for their financial assets for public sector and private sector aswell.
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Th Role of Experimental Treatment with Statins on the Expression of Genes Involved in the Pathogenesiis of Pancreatic Cancer
Marková, Lucie ; Vítek, Libor (advisor) ; Krechler, Tomáš (referee)
Úvod: Karcinom pankreatu patří mezi nádorová onemocnění s nejhorší prognózou. Vzhledem к lokalizaci pankreatu v retroperitoneu i dalším anatomickým a patofyziologickým souvislostem se příznaky karcinomu slinivky objevují velmi pozdě a u většiny nemocných již není možné zahájit radikální léčbu. Z těchto důvodů jen 5% nemocných přežívá 5 let od stanovení diagnózy. Většinou postihuje nemocné mezi 30-70 lety, přičemž průměrný věk v době stanovení diagnózy je přibližně 56 let. V posledním desetiletí se dostává do popředí zájmu tzv. DNA microarray technologie umožňující monitorování exprese genů. Exprese genů představuje komplexní proces, kterým je genetická informace uložená ve formě deoxyribonukleové kyseliny (DNA) přeměněna v konkrétní buněčné struktury a metabolické nástroje. Produkty exprese genů jsou molekuly bílkovin, jsou jimi však i ribonukleové kyseliny (RNA). Statiny (inhibitory HMG-CoA reduktázy) patří mezi klíčové léky v léčbě hypercholesterolémie. Z výzkumných studií vyplývá, že tato skupina léků má velmi významné protinádorové vlastnosti. Inhibicí HMGCoA reduktázy, klíčového enzymu v syntéze cholesterolu, totiž dochází také к depleci jednotlivých meziproduktů v syntéze cholesterolu, z nichž nejvýznamnější je farnesyl pyrofosfát hrající důležitou roli v buněčné signalizaci ovlivňující apoptózu....
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The study of selected sewer network in an urbanized catchment
Korytář, Ivo ; Habr,, Vladimír (referee) ; Raclavský, Jaroslav (advisor)
This paper deals the case study of the chosen sewer system in the village Starý Mateřov. The study solves passportization of sewer, what is the base for creating technical condition mainly for three selected sections. According to the results from the technical conditions of the three selected sections were suggested suitable options of redevelopment. The options are compared in financial way. The last chapter suggests two possibilities how to deal with the sewage. The first option consists of the transferring waste water to the waste water treatment plant in Pardubice - Semtín. The second option suggests building a new waste water treatment plant in Starý Mateřov. The options are compared in financial way.
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