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Functional Competence as the Goal of Developing Speaking Skill in Teaching German as a Foreign Language
Hejduková, Andrea ; Nečasová, Pavla (advisor) ; Chvál, Martin (referee) ; Spáčilová, Libuše (referee)
The thesis deals with the development of speaking skill whcn teaching German as a foreign language. It tries to analyse all possible aspects of speaking skill in order to develop the best possible teaching approach that would enable students to use their (spoken) language effectively and reach their communicative goals. For this skill. vvhich is defined mainly by the ability to perform the language functions that one needs to express, the term Tunctional competence' is used. An important feature of this term is the preference of success of communication to its correctness. The theoretical part first explains the terms used in the thesis (ability / skill / competence, learning versus acquisition). Afterwards, speaking skill is analysed in the context of other communicative skills, i. e. listening, reading. and writing, so that it is clear that no particular skill can be dealt with in a completely isolated way and that the teaching process should always involve an appropriate combination of various communicative skills. A separate chapter describes the differences between monologues and dialogues / polylogues. After that. three stages of speaking skill are analysed (imitative speaking. guided non-imitative speaking, and autonomous speaking). For these stages. vast amount of concretc examples of speaking tasks...
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Czenglish: a basic outline of an EFL variety
Králová, Kateřina ; Sparling, Don (referee) ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor)
Czenglish, an interlanguage developed by Czech learners of English, is a specific English variety which has not been comprehensively studied yet. Not surprisingly, English differs from Czech in varying degree at all levels, starting with the pronunciation of individual sounds and writing conventions, morphology and syntax up to the textual level, pragmatics etc. These differences are due to the different character of the two languages and the different conventions. Learners transfer their linguistic habits from their mother tongue into the language they learn and as a result a modified variety of language comes into being which is neither Czech nor completely English. This is not to say that every mistake made by a Czech speaker of English IS automatically Czenglish. It seems appropriate to apply this term only to an English that systematically and repeatedly exhibits not only features that can be attributed to the influence of Czech, but also errors that rather than being due to negative transfer are common to all learners of English regardless of other nationalities, which shows them to be developmental errors typical of an interlanguage found in language acquisition. Describing such a variety is a long process and it is impossible to cover all the facts in this thesis. However, it might provide a useful...
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The role of "silence" in child second language interaction
Sieglová, Dagmar ; Nekvapil, Jiří (advisor) ; Čmejrková, Světla (referee) ; Ferenčík, Milan (referee)
This dissertation elaborates on the topic of second language interaction while addressing dilemmas of the relationship between the two distinctive, yet interdependent disciplines - second language acquisition (SLA) and conversation analysis (CA). The main attention is devoted to the role of 'silence' in child SLA. While the acquisition of second languages has been a prominent topic of research across linguistic disciplines, most SLA oriented studies are primarily focused on the learner's language development. The time preceding the onset of talk, generally called the 'silent period', thus, has received only a minor attention. It is predominantly the methodology based on cognitive and psycho linguistic traditions that restricts the SLA research to generative views, that is, focused on linguistic issues in isolation from other contextual aspects. Such an approach misinterprets a 'silent' learner as a rather passive, uncreative, routine or an imitating communicator. Conversation analysis (CA) methodology, on the other hand, focused on contextual aspects of talk-in-interaction than on the language itself, can take the notion of 'silence' within the SLA out of its linguistic isolation. This project shows that seen through the lens of CA, 'silence' can serve as an efficient and resourceful child second language...
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Effect of ceramide acyl chain length on the skin permeabillity
Lorenc, Petr ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hrabálek, Alexandr (referee)
Ceramides that are present in stratum corneum (SC), the uppermost layer of the skin, are responsible for skin barrier function and thus for its permeability for drugs. Their role in the formation of skin barrier has been widely described; however, up to now, their structure-activity relationships have not been fully revealed. Previous studies suggested, that the ceramide acyl chain length is a key factor for the permeability of the skin barrier. The aim of this work was to study the influence of the length of ceramide acyl chain on the permeability of the skin barrier using short ceramides, sphingosine, phytoshingosine and ceramide 2 (NS). Short ceramide analogues contained sphingosine with 18 carbon atoms and the acyl chain ranging from 2 to 18 carbon atoms. Their influence on skin permeability was tested in vitro in Franz diffusion cells on dermatomed porcine skin using two model drugs - theophylline (TH) and indomethacin (IND). Donor samples were prepared as 5% (w/v) suspension of TH and 2.5% (w/v) suspension of IND with addition of 1% (w/v) ceramide in 60% (v/v) propylene glycol. Negative samples for the comparison of the fluxes and the drug concentrations contained 5% (w/v) suspension of TH and 2.5% (w/v) suspension of IND propylene glycol without the addition of ceramide. Phosphate buffer...
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Czechoslovak national democratic party and František Hlaváček as a general secretary
Ulm, Karel ; Kuklík, Jan (referee) ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor)
Czechoslovak national democratic party was known for its strict suggestion to the German minority in Czechoslovakia and was keeping them. Famous became the sentence ofthe party chairman Karel Kramář: "Germans into the government, us into a revolution!" 1t was just the National democratic party that had entered in the government with Germans in 1927 ... The National democrats considered such nationalistst who felt a positiv relationship to their nation as to a community of people having a united history, language, culture and traditions. The nationalism of the National democrats was a relationship to a group of people, the patriotism was expressed by a positive relationship to the countryside. Nationalism of František Hlaváček, Karel Kramář, Viktor Dyk, František Sís, Vlastimil Klíma and others was a reaction to the German nationalism. A rightful endeavour before the German revanshism grew by some National democrats in a fobia of aH German. Still the National democratic nationalism ofFrantišek Hlaváček did not cross a border of shovinism in a sense to press and ocuppy others nations. According to the National democrats the nation should have been c10se and capable of defending against the enemies. It does not mean that there could not be partial interests of individuals and groups but those have to retreat...
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The Memory Function in Children with Developmental Problems
Plívová, Markéta ; Michalová, Zdena (referee) ; Housarová, Blanka (advisor)
The diploma thesis briefly drala with the problem of memory functions of children with specific language disorder -developmental sérech impediment. The theoretical devotes to the explanation of basic terms - memory, memory in relation to speech, memory of yong learners, and memory in relation to the developmental speech impediment. The practical part offers the comparison of two groups based on a memory test. First I teste children from regular elementary schools and tried to find out thein memory kapacity. The other group was formel by children with speech impediment. I tried to compare and evaluate the experiment.
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An attempt to analyze the aphasic syndrom with regard to the possibilities of its neuropsychologica rehabilitation
Straka, Ondřej ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee) ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor)
Although the Wernicke-Geschwind model has been for a long time one of the most influential bases for the study of aphasia. its general acceptance seems to have been partly undermined by the use of new imaging methods on the one hand. and recent developments in cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics on the other hand. The main reason is that it fails to account for the fact that the lesions in one brain area can result in a variety of deficits in the processing of language. and similarly the same deficit is often due to the impairment of ditlerent brain structures. This thesis ťirst presents the localizationalist theories. then compares both approaches pointing out their respective interests and limitations and tinally focuses at some length on the assumptions about the brain organization of language production postulated by the cognitive psychology and their reflection in the therapeutic procedures used in the neuropsychological rehabilitation of aphasic patients. Key words: aphasia, localization, cognitive psychology, neuropsychological rehabilitation Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Forms and functions of interrogative structures: a contrastive study of English and Japanese
Buriánková, Petra ; Švarcová, Zdeňka (referee) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor)
The functional analysis attempted to provide a survey of functions, i.e. illocutionary forces of interrogative structures in the corpus and its sub-corpora and hence compare the scope of functions that are, besides the functions following from the primary semantics of the individual interrogative types, realized by interrogatives main types of the compared languages. The key factor that can, to high degree, determine the outcome of an analysis, is classification. We have combined two approaches, classical Searle's approach and an alternative approach of Wierzbicka, which was devised specifically for cross-cultural pragmatics' purposes. The first part of quantitative analysis pursued overall distribution of the illocutionary forces in the individual sub-corpora regardless of the interrogative types expressing them. As expected both languages used interrogatives in accord with their primary semantics mostly for asking for a piece of unknown information or confirmation or negation of information, i.e. directive RR (request for representative). However apart from this common trend there are some noteworthy tendencies. (see graph D2 in Appendix D). Japanese is quite conservative and uses interrogatives primarily to ask for information, to some degree to express emotions or attitudes and only in a very limited...
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Classifiers in Czech sign language
Tikovská, Lenka ; Okrouhlíková, Lenka (referee) ; Macurová, Alena (advisor)
Tématem mé bakalářské práce j sou klasifikátory českého znakového jazyka. Vycházela jsem ze zahraniční literatury, zejména o americkém a britském znakovém jazyce, neboť tyto znakové jazyky patří mezi nejvíce prozkoumané a popsané. Celá práce Je rozdělena do čtyř kapitol. V úvodní kapitole nazvané Klasifikátory v mluvených jazycích jsem čerpala informace ze studie amerického lingvisty Keitha Allana, který zkoumal klasifikátory v mnoha mluvených jazycích. Jelikož mají klasifikátory v mluvených jazycích obdobnou funkci jako klasifikátory znakových jazyků, považovala jsem za důležité jeho poznatky v této práci zmínit. Ve druhé kapitole, pojednávající o klasifikátorech amerického znakového jazyka, jsem předložila soupis klasifikátorů, které uvádějí američtí lingvisté Bakerová a Cokely, včetně kontextu jejich užití. Zajímalo mě také, jakým způsobem a v jakém věku si děti klasifikátory osvojují. Poznatky načerpané z literatury jsem zpracovala do podkapitoly nazvané Osvojování klasifikátorů. Jelikož se jedná o informace související s osvojováním amerického znakového jazyka, uvádím je právě v této kapitole. Třetí kapitola nazvaná Klasifikátory britského znakového jazyka se opírá o práci britské lingvistky Mary Brennanové. Předkládám její přehled klasifikátorových tvarů ruky i s příklady, které u jednotlivých tvarů...
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The first names of children in České Budějovice from 1995 to 2015
HERCEGOVÁ, Nikola
This bachelor work is about birth names of children who were born since 1995 up to 2015 in České Budějovice. In the theoretic part you can find information about the position and the post of birth names in the czech language systém from the point of view of the history as well as the present. The practical parts includes the research. Using the questionnare survey was found out the motivation for choice of children names.
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