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Automatic extraction of data from web pages
Gold, Otto ; Adámek, Jiří (advisor) ; Nečaský, Martin (referee)
In this thesis I focused myself on the increasing importance of an automatic web page processing. Thesis deals with proposition and implementation of a program tool which proceses the web pages. The objective of this tool is to separate data, the user demands and it's presentation cover. Processing of the page is driven by a script defined by the user. It is neccessary to define the script only at the very first job at the selected page. Next time some action is performed with the page, program follows this defined script. Thus, there is no need to put any more effort to get the up-todate version of the information from the page. I laid stress mostly on accessibility of the program for ordinary users and on minimalization of a work user must do when defining the operative script. Program also solves the wide-spreaded problem with the web pages source code, which differs from the XHTML language standard.
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Derivatives of Rhodanine as Potential Drugs I
Kešetovičová, Diana ; Opletalová, Veronika (advisor) ; Kučerová, Marta (referee)
Diploma thesis title: RHODANINE DERIVATIVES AS POSSIBLE THERAPEUTICS I. Author: Diana Kešetovičová ABSTRACT The raise of microbial resistance towards commonly used antimicrobial agents enhances the need for new active substances with novel modes of action. Rhodanine (2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one) represents a structural motif that has not yet been applied in any antimicrobial drug. Rhodanine derivatives have already been described as substances possessing a wide spectrum of biological activity. Within this diploma thesis, condensation products of rhodanine and 3-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rhodanine with ortho-, meta- and para-substituted nitro- benzaldehydes have been prepared. The reaction was carried out in water- alcoholic medium using NH4OH/NH4Cl as a catalyst. The antifungal and antimycobacterial properties of these derivatives and their inhibitory activity on photosynthetic processes were then evaluated. A medium antifungal activity against C. albicans, T. asahii, T. mentagrophytes and A. fumigatus have been observed with the N-unsubstituted derivatives, while the N-substituted derivatives were inactive. The antimycobacterial properties of the tested compounds were not high enough (inhibition of at least 90% in the primary test) to undergo further studies. The antimycobacterial activity of the N-substituted...
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The Significance and Possibilities of Affecting Apoptosis in the Therapy of Haematological Malignancies
Mánková, Marie ; Kovář, Jan (advisor)
The topic of his thesis "The importance and possibilities of influencing apoptosis in therapy hematologic malignancies "I chose this topic because it is not only interesting from a scientific perspective, but it also brings real hope for a better and kinder treatment for many patients with difficult treatable types of cancer. In the first two chapters, we tried to define a more detailed description of the apoptosis and its regulation using international studies (see bibliography). The third chapter is devoted to the mechanism of action of traditional practices (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) and in particular Overview of new directions in cancer therapy. Due to the wide range of research results in a number of new compounds with promising prospects for application in clinical medicine work concerns only a narrow selection (especially most cited) of potential drugs.
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How people buy on Internet
Procházková, Pavla ; Jeřábek, Hynek (advisor) ; Tuček, Milan (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Sociological Studies Pavla Procházková How people buy on internet Abstract of the Diploma Thesis This thesis describes the basic principles of human behavior in shopping on the Internet. The aim was to tell whether shopping on the Internet is rational. The work deals with theories of rationality and bounded rationality theories from the perspective of sociological, economic and psychological approaches. All theories agree that the man is rational, selects the most efficient option of possible behavior. Whether the benefits gained are economic, social or psychological. From this broad perspective, it is clear that people in most cases their actions are rational, because even the deepest emotions have some rational basis, however, that over the centuries They lost its effectiveness. Perhaps it may be irrational today due to too rapid growth of technology, information overload (information is becoming more and more widely available, but their understanding is worse, a man must decide which of them to follow). Internet for shopping feature brings greater rationality in their instruments. It also restricts such perceptions, which reduces the rationality of choice. The conclusion is that people act rationally on the Internet, buying in order to...
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The environmnetal impact of burning products
Ročňáková, Ivana ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
The submitted thesis deals with the study of combustion products and their impact on the environment and human organism. It explains the nature of combustion and conditions under which the fire originates. In this action is developed a large number of different substances. As concrete examples of inorganic substances were selected following compounds: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sulphates, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous gases and ammonia. From the organic compounds were selected only a few examples, such as the burning of plastics or the subsequent fire extinguishing device is developed by a diverse range of organic compounds. The wide range of compounds was chosen phosgene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, PAHs and extremely toxic. When burning the noxious substances into the air first and then wet or dry slope to reach the other components of the environment. These combustion products have diverse adverse effects on both humans and the environment. In some cases, these substances have fatal consequences for all components of the environment.
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The effect of cancerogenic azo dye Sudan I on expression of biotransformation enzymes
Hejduková, Žaneta ; Dračínská, Helena (referee) ; Svášková, Dagmar (advisor)
Sudan I is a widely used azo dye which has the ability to cause carcinomas in organs and tissues of experimental animals. During reactions catalyzed by microsomal monooxygenase enzyme systems or cytoplasmic biotransformation enzymes, Sudan I is oxidized to reactive metabolites that covalently bind to nucleic acids and cause their damage. Sudan I can also be metabolized by reduction, e. g. by a DT-diaphorase enzyme (NQO1). Reduction of Sudan I is considered to be a detoxification reaction. In this work, the in vivo action of Sudan I is examined in terms of its ability to induce an expression of the biotransformation enzyme DT-diaphorase in tissues of rats treated with the azo dye. The aim of this work was to quantify the degree of NQO1 induction at mRNA level. After the isolation of total RNA from organs of rats treated with Sudan I, the RNA was converted to cDNA by reverse transcription using random hexamers as primers. Using specific probes, the abundance of mRNA for the enzyme NQO1 in the organs of treated rats was quantified by "real-time" PCR, relatively to the control gene with a constant expression (β-actin). Through comparing thus determined amounts of mRNA in individual organs of treated and untreated rats, it has been found that Sudan I had caused a significant increase in the expression...
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Introduction of Western blotting method for detection of AMPK cascade activation in LS174T cell line
Dubecká, Michaela ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Michaela Dubecká Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Introduction of Western blotting method for detection of AMPK cascade activation in LS174T cell line LKB1/AMPK is the main cellular energetic pathway, which acts as the sensor of various extra- and intracellular signals. In response to the signals, it regulates energy metabolism and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, so its major role lies in the survival, growth and development of the whole organism. This pathway is of significant importance because it has the potential to suppress tumoral progress in the cell. Metformin, the widely used drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, exerts a significant antitumour activity. However, the direct mechanism of metformin's action is still unknown. Metformin induces cellular stress similar to the metabolic stress via inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, which results in an increase of AMP levels in plasma. AMP then binds to the AMPKγ subunit, so metformin mediates the activation of AMPK. AMPK is suddenly phosphorylated on Thr172 of the AMPKα kinase domain via LKB1, which mediates the downregulation of many downstream kinases. The...
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Ecotoxicological screening of the select antibiotic
Psohlavcová, Zuzana ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Soldán, Přemysl (referee)
Psohlavcová Zuzana, Ecotoxicological screening of the select antibiotic, diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty Of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Amoxicillin is one of the most frequently prescribed antibiotic. It belongs to the wide spektrum of aminopenicilin and it is excreted by diuresia in uncoverted condition of 60-75%. By means of urine and from waste dumps goes to surface waters, where it operates to the not target organisms. At valuation of the ecotoxicological effect of amoxicillin there we used the 24-hours test of acute toxicity on brine shrimp Artemia salina, L., rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus by means of the Rotoxkit F and the Rotoxkit F Chronic. Next we used the 72-hours test of inhibition of white mustard Sinapis alba, L. germination and the 30-minutes test of acute toxicity with tubificid worm Tubifex tubifex. We used drugs Augmentin® 625 mg and Ospamox® 375 mg/5 ml. Tests take place darkling and in action of UVA radiation 365 nm and we investigated with values of EC50 (the concentration which evoke the toxic efekt by 50% of population) for animals and for S. alba the value IC50 (the inhibitory concentration). The less sensitive organism againts incidence of amoxicillin was tubificid worm who seems to be the optimal by...
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Possibilities of Participative Evaluation.
Vondráková, Renata ; Rynda, Ivan (advisor) ; Bergerová, Marcela (referee)
This work is based on a research thesis that says, in the case of long or mid-term processes that deal with a wide land area or large amount of people, non-participatory evaluations can have even a negative influence on watched process or its impacts, because it doesn't cover them all. The Methodology being used is mainly an exploration of facts in foreign literature, which is being added with the authors own experiences. This work introduces Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PM&E) as an unfamiliar concept in Czech Republic. It aims to describe the evaluation as an integral part of projects or programs. This work details several concerning obstacles while using participatory evaluation while also offering descriptions on how to use this approach in practice, including offering an overview of methods and techniques most currently used. Based on interviews with 16 experts it suggests also a possible way of using this concept in Czech Republic with the example of Local Action Groups in LEADER.
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Antimicrobial effect of photocatalytically effective metal compounds II.
Vajduláková, Petra ; Křivčíková, Lucie (referee) ; Jílek, Petr (advisor)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králove Studijní obor: farmacie Diplomová práce Petra Vajduláková Antimikrobní účinek fotokatalyticky účinných sloučenín kovů II. 2010 Summary This thesis deals with methodology of testing of coatings with antimicro- bial activity. It continues in research of other works at Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, which deal with testing of coatings with antimicrobial effect of photocatalytic effective com- pounds of metals. Photocatalytic effect, as a new approach in the fight against microorgan- isms, has been studying for a longer time. Its utilization seems to be wide and unspecifity of its action qualifies this effect to not generate resistance of mi- croorganisms. The target was to modify existing standard methods of testing of coatings with an antimicrobial activity, and to adapt them to tested coatings. Coatings were tested at special designed boards, which facilitate better contact of bacte- rial suspension with surface of coatings. This better contact was also done by continual agitation of boards with bacterial suspension during testing. By devel- oping of method we modified conditions of testing of coatings. We adapted times of UV light exposure of coatings, density of bacterial suspension and...
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