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Three the most cultivated legumes in the Czech Republic with soil conservation technologies
Koukolíček, Jan ; Pulkrábek, Josef (advisor) ; Milan, Milan (referee)
The experiment which was done on the fields of Cooperative farm in Nečín should verify three soil conservation technologies with three most cultivated legumes in the Czech Republic. We tested deep cultivation, shallow tillage and no--tillage technology. And we used winter pea which was seeded in two terms in the autumn and in the spring. Spring pea, narrow- leafed lupin, white lupin and soya were seeded only in the spring term. We tested soil density and soil moisture with different soil conservation technologies. We observed vegetation stages and we made pre--harvest and post--harvest evaluation.
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Endoparasites of horses
Scháňková, Štěpánka ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Bejček, Vladimír (referee)
Nine ponies were randomly allocated to one of three groups (A, B, C). Gradually, these groups of ponies were experimentally infected with third stage cyathostome larvae. Each pony was infected with 30,000 infective cyathostome larvae stored 4 weeks under the natural environmental conditions of the Czech Republic. These animals were examined post--mortem for small strongyle infections from October 2011 to January 2012. Seventeen species of the following Cyathostominae genera were identified: Coronocyclus, Cyathostomum,Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus, Gyalocephalus and Petrovinema. Of the 17 species of Cyathostominae recovered, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cyathostomum alveatum and Cylicocyclus nassatus were the most prevalent (100 %). From the entire population of Cyathostominae, 65,6 % were located in the caecum and only 34,4 % in the colon. Only 1,736 (24,6 %) females and 5,329 (75,4 %) males were observed. In the first and second phase (group A, B) of the experiment, 98.57 % and 95.48 % of adult nematodes were found, respectively. However, only 29,07% of adults were found in the third phase (group C) of experiment, and the proportion of arrested larvae (EL3) was 67.73%. All ponies were treated orally with ivermectin at a dosage of 400 ug /kg. However, adult Oxyuris equi were present in six horses. This is the first European study to demonstrate anthelmintic resistence in Oxyuris equi to macrocyclic lactones.
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The effect of cadmium on oxidative stress in plants
Zemanová, Veronika ; Pavlíková, Daniela (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The two ecotypes of Noccaea caerulescens originating from two differently contaminated sites (Redlschlag, Austria; Ganges, France), N. praecox (Mežica, Slovenia), Arabidopsis halleri and Spinacia oleracea were studied to compare Cd accumulation and tolerance. After 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of cultivation in Cd contaminated soil (30, 60 and 90 mg Cd/kg soil) for hyperaccumulators and 25, 40, 55 and 75 days of cultivation in Cd contaminated soil (30, 60 and 90 mg Cd/kg soil) for spinach gas-exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration), fatty acids, macro- and microelements were determined as well as N utilization by plants. Noccaea species and A. halleri showed similar changes in yield of biomass, Cd content and total content of amino acids. These species confirmed differences in the profile and contents of individual free amino acids. The comparison between Noccaea species showed that Cd stress resulted in similar changes of gas-exchange parameters. Contrasting responses of plants to Cd contamination were confirmed in macro- and microelements contents, fatty acids and amino acids metabolism. Spinach showed contrasting response to cadmium compared to hyperaccumulators, especially in profile of free amino acids and fatty acids.
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Application of mathematical models for simulation of hydrological conditions in selected streams
Kurková, Marie ; Vašků, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
Flood is a natural phenomenon that occurs at different intensities and irregular time intervals. As to natural disasters, floods represent the greatest direct threat for the Czech Republic. They may cause serious critical situations during which not only extensive material damages are done, but may bring also losses of the lives of inhabitants in affected areas as well as vast devastation of cultural landscape including environmental damages. Important from the viewpoint of the elimination of potential threats and consequences of such events is the information issued by flood forecasting service about the character and size of flood areas for individual N-year flood discharges and specific flood scenarios. An adequate image of depths and flow rates in the longitudinal or cross profile of the watercourse during a flood event is provided by the hydrodynamic model. This is why the information obtained from the hydrodynamic models occupies a privileged position from the viewpoint of the protection of citizens' lives and mitigation of damage to their property. The first study is situated on the river Úhlava in meadows by Příchovice near the town Přeštice. The proposal of flood-protection measures is contained in Territorial control documentation. The documentation was elaborated on the basis of hydraulic calculations and experiences from the flood in August 2002. The mathematical model is practically used in the study of analysis of proposed flood-protection measures. The analysis is based on mathematical simulation of water outflow and water level on the river Úhlava. It is possible to use the non-commercial software Hec-Ras, version 3.1.1., for the simulation itself. One of the points of view of the possibility of using proposed flood-protection measures is total efficiency. The mathematical model is posssible to use as a basis of support for realization of proposed flood-protection measures on the river Úhlava in meadows by Příchovice within the grant programme "Program prevence před povodněmi II" under the control of the Ministry of Agriculture. In the second case the mathematical model is practically used in the study of hydrotechnical analysis of streams in cadastral unit. The analysis is based on matjematical simulation of water outflow and water level on chosen streams. It is possible to use the noncomercial software HEC-RAS for the own simulation. The analysis should be shown on dangerous places in the interest place. The mathematical model is possible of using to use as basis for revaluation of action in spatial plan or for view of the flood-protection measures in the village Mochtín. Basic input into the hydrodynamic models is represented by altimetry data. One of ways to obtain such data is through the method of aerial laser scanning (ALS) from the digital relief model (DRM). This method is considered one of the most accurate methods for obtaining altimetry data. Its bottleneck is however incapacity of recording terrain geometry under water surface due to the fact that laser beam is absorbed by water mass. The absence of geometric data on watercourse discharge area may perceptibly affect results of modelling, especially if a missing part of the channel represents a significant discharge area with its capacity. One of methods for eliminating the deficiency is a sufficient channel recess by means of software tools such as CroSolver. The third submitted paper deals with the construction of a hydrodynamic model using 5th generation DRM data, and compares outputs from this model at various discharges with a model based on the altimetry data modified by using the CroSolver tool. Outputs from the two hydrodynamic models are compared in HEC-RAS programme with the use of recessed data and with the use of unmodified DRM. The comparison is done on the sections of two watercourses with different terrain morphology and watercourse size. A complementary output is the comparison of inundation areas issuing from both model variants. Our results indicate that differences in the outputs are significant namely in the lower discharges (Q1, Q5) whereas for Q50 and Q100 the difference is negligible with a great role being played by morphology of the modelled area and by the watercourse size.
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Agricultural in terms of Sustainable Development of Agrarian Sector
Frýdlová, Monika ; Boháčková, Ivana (advisor) ; Smutka, Luboš (referee)
The sustainability discourse clearly gives priority to the so-called "three-pillar model", according to which sustainable development should equally try to reach ecological, economic, and social goals. An increasing variety of methods is being proposed to address the question of the measurement of sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development can be interpreted in many different ways, but at its core is an approach to development that looks to balance different, and often competing, needs against an awareness of the environmental, social and economic limitations we face as asociety. Submitting theses deal with measuring sustainable agriculture and introduces a practical methodology for evaluating the sustainability of agriculture system by means of composite indicators. This methodology was based on calculating seven sustainability indicators that cover the three components of the sustainability concept (economic, social and environmental). The methodological proposal implemented in theses allowed an integrated vision of agricultural sustainability and careful selection of sustainability indicators, carried out on the basis of reliability criteria and applicability. The evaluation of agricultural sustainability/production system sustainability using the methods suggested is a potentially useful tool for public decision-makers who are tasked with designing and implementing agricultural policy. The results demonstrated the usefulness of analyzing several sustainability indicators in conjunction, in order to obtain more robust results. Such information can help to improve current agricultural policies, such as income policy, agricultural structure policy and rural development policy, with the aim of improving the sustainability of the agricultural sector.
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The importance of monitoring post-mortem game meat changes
Santajová, Markéta ; Bušová, Milena (advisor) ; Daniel, Daniel (referee)
The main aim of the thesis is to discover the significance of parameters of postmortal changes of game, on which we may well base for the further appraisal in practice.
The theoretical part describes company for processing game, from which the samples for the experiment were taken. Furthermore, it incorporates the composition and the qualities of meat and the factors that affect the meat of game. A significant chapter describes postmortal processes and ways of meat spoilage.
The experimental part of the thesis measures both the pH and ammoniac postmortal indicators. As for the experiment, the measurement was carried out on two groups of samples coming from the ham of wild boar.
With regard to the results the indicators were proved to be measurable postmortal parameters by postmortal changes and consequent process ripening of meat. The figures between individual measurements increased, but the dependence on time cannot be made on grounds of the results. The figure of ammoniac increased during the measurement too, and we gained a concrete image of its content in the meat thanks to photometric method. The results were compared with the measurement of ammoniac of slaughter animals. For analysis volume of ammoniac in specimen of lean flesh was used traditional micro method according to Conway.
More profound analysis ought to be made for the appraisal of postmortal indicators. Next interesting parametres for determination of significance postmortal changes could be also enzymatic substance.
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Financial statements in selected business corporation
Koudelková, Eliška ; Seidl, Ladislav (advisor) ; Eva, Eva (referee)
This dissertation deals with a topic of financial statements. In a view of a vastness of this subject the thesis occupies with the main topics only.
In the first two chapters of the theoretical part the author is concerned with legal sources, which determinate the form of financial statements and also with the definition of specific legal terms connected to the formation of financial statements. In a following chapter the author describes single actions preceding the completion of the statement, it means inventory, correction, accruals and deferrals, reserve and suchlike. The last chapter of this part deals with the financial statement itself and its components, it means balance, revenue and expense statement and the financial statement´s attachment. At the end there are also described the legal obligations and regulations connected with the statement.
The practical part of the thesis is concerned with the valuation of financial statements in selected business corporation TESLA KARLÍN, a.s. and with a suggesting of actions which could help to improve the formation the financial statement and to make the whole process better.
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Problem of CITES in the Czech republic
Trampotová, Šárka ; Toth, Štefan (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
Thesis topic is "Problem of CITES in the Czech Republic." It´s main objective is to identify the "Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora" (CITES) and in case of deficiencies, propose measures to eliminate them.
The work consists of two parts - a literature review and a practical part. The literature search involves the formation, functioning, organization and legislation Convention, defines the specimens on which the Convention applies, and which may include attachments. Finally, focusing on the illegal trade of endangered species. The practical part defines the principal organs, which are in the Czech Republic operate in ensuring compliance with the Convention. Instantiates a specimen important for the Czech Republic, how they should be handled, register them and hold. Finally, the course focuses on the most important cases and controls found in the Czech Republic. In the end the results are evaluated and suggested various recommendations to improve.
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Imputation of missing genetic markers SNP
Kranjčevičová, Anita ; Přibyl, Josef (advisor) ; Jindřich, Jindřich (referee)
Working with genomic information in cattle breeding has become a standard procedure. This study is focused on completion of missing genetic markers - SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) - on genetic chips. More specifically completion of missing values in datasets which contain pieces of information about SNP occurence in cattle genome. These polymorfisms are used for evaluation of genomic relationship, prediction of genomic breeding values and for the valuation of tested animals. The most common chips used for genotyping are Illumina and Affymetrix. Each company develops its own techniques of genotype obtaining. Affymetrix has unified coding type of SNPs among chips of different generations and thus even older data can be used. Illumina uses many coding types between different generations of chips. Thus, direct comparison of SNPs is not possible. Illumina has chips of different density and financial costingness. Illumina chips have become a standard all over the world and it is used by all breeding companies. The most used software programs for imputations are Beagle, AlphaImpute, Impute 2, FindHap, DAGPHASE, FImputePedImpute and MaCH. Each software requires a relationship between genotyped individuals. In common breeding business the genotyping is not in train of generations. That is why our own methodological process was used. The aim of this study is to map the current research about the completion of missing genetic markers on genetic chips and to verify the calculation process. In total, it was created 8 models with different amount of tested SNPs. From 10 to 100 neighbouring loci was tested. The testing was processed at chosen loci in two datasets. Dataset A contained 260 bull genotypes of different breeds from the Czech Republic. Dataset B contained 3982 genotypes of pure Holstein bulls from nine countries. In the first case a very good results were obtained. The prediction of missing values was almost accurate with model reliability 100%. The only exception was for almost entirely homozygous loci where the reliability reached only 55%. When the second dataset was tested, the most extensive model reached the reliability of 80 90% even in case of homozygous loci. The prediction error value was higher than in the first case. It was proven that missing values prediction is possible to calculate using the neighbouring SNPs. The outputs of this study are to be the base for further study of genomic data.
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Evaluation of animal assisted therapy in hospitals
Zoulová, Kateřina ; Machová, Kristýna (advisor) ; Chaloupková, Helena (referee)
This work deals with the use of Animal- assisted activities (AAA) and Animal- assisted therapy (AAT) in hospitals in the world and in the Czech Republic.
There is a general overview of the use of this therapy in children´s hospitals, hospitals with acute care for people with dementia, patients with acute schizophrenic, cancer and neurological diseases, in this work.
There is description of locating and real course of these programs in this work and presentation of specific dog use units in patients with various types of diseases.
There is a description of research results, which was conducted in hospitals throughout the Czech Republic in the practical part of this work.
Correspondents replies are divided into two sections. The first section contains the responses from the hospital staff and coordinators in volunteer centers, who are performing the therapy in hospital facilities. These answers relate to insurance, legal inquiries and practical implementation of therapy.
Responses in the second section of this work desribe canisterapy directly as it takes place in a different facilities. The way, how the therapy is proceeding, which methods and departments are used.The questionnaire was posted to 30 hospitals, of which the positive feedback provided 8. The answer came from 15 canistherapists of these hospitals.
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