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Gestures in contemporary Spanish and their function in linguistic communication
Johánková, Tereza ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee) ; Čermák, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on gestures in contemporary Spanish and their role in linguistic communication. It contains the definitions of basic terms, the introduction, five major parts, the conclusion and five appendices with pictures and charts. Some of the appendices include videos. Since this diploma work does not concern only gestures but also communication, its first part concentrates on language, communication and their mutual relationship. First, language, its division, types, functions and features are discussed. Next, the attention is drawn to communication itself, namely to communicative situations and functions, to perception, production and the message in the context of linguistic communication, as well as to the types of communication. Gestures themselves form a part of nonverbal communication, therefore the second part of this thesis deals with this type of communication, its history and gradual development, its functions, nature and also its various kinds, such as proxemics, kinesics (mimics, occulesics, haptics, posturology, gestures), paralinguistic means and the communication by way of items and appearance. Due to the author's focus on gestures used in Spanish, a small chapter addresses the issue of cultural bonds of nonverbal messages. The use of gestures is closely connected to the use...
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The role of supervision in the helping professions
Borovičková, Zuzana ; Poláčková, Věra (referee) ; Lorenzová, Jitka (advisor)
Helping professions such as psychology, education, social-work, health care etc. differ from other professions in many ways. In all helping professions relationship between the helping person and the client is crucial. It depends on the worker's personality, motivation for performing a helping profession, and obviously also on the degree of difficulty of these professions, which may cause stress and furthermore result in burn-out syndrome. Last but not least, organizational culture of helping organization also affects quality of helping worker's achievement. Supervision reacts to all these problems and helps workers cope with stressful situations, and thus prevent them from burn-out syndrome. It contributes to workers' consciousness of the quality of their relationships with the clients, helps them disclose hidden motives for performing a helping profession, and tries to solve problems in working teams of helping organizations. The role of supervision in helping professions is kind and safe contribution to workers' effective helping the clients. Supervision of helping professions has three functions: supportive, educational, and controlling, and several forms which help institutions and workers choose the most appropriate form for their purposes. Supervision is rarely used in Czech school system, although...
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Function of educational counsellor at elementary school
Brůnová, Veronika ; Vítečková, Michaela (referee) ; Pelikán, Jiří (advisor)
This theoretical-empirical work deals with the major aspects of consultancy of the educational counsellor of an elementary school. After the definition of school counselling and the description of system of education consultancy services, we describe relations among the educational counsellor and other subjects of the system. Then we analyze possible roles in counsellor's communication that arise from the relations. In connection with this, we deal with personal demands and professional qualification that are essential for the post of the educational counsellor and we focus on ethical dimension of his consultancy. In the next chapter we discuss the methods in his work that arise from the knowledge of consultancy approaches that are practiced at schools. Then we show that his diagnostic work is based on clinical methods. We discuss them in the end of the chapter. We find the concrete job description and the focus of educational counsellor's work in the analysis and the comparison of current school consultancy legislation. The theoretical conclusions of this work are the base for empirical research of the consellor's consultancy practice. The analysis and the comparison of the theoretical and the empirical data are done in the last chapter. We deduce conclusions about the role of educational counsellor at...
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Working memory in simultaneous interpreting and its capacity
Gabzdilová, Marianna ; Rejšková, Jana (referee) ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor)
The experimental working memory research in simultaneous interpreting has so far been very limited. There were small number of studies of cognitive processes in simultaneous interpreting. This thesis gives a brief overview of the recent experimental studies in this field and presents the subject of working memory. First part of this thesis shows the largely known theoretical models of working memory, information about its possible developement and its relation towards language. On the basis of the recent theoretical research, we formulated a hypothesis for the empirical part of this thesis. The hypothesis assumes that with interpreting practice there is a developement of working memory capacity and that the language factor becomes less important. In the empirical part of the thesis we described the experiment that had been done to confirm the hypothesis. The experiment consisted of standard listening span task adapted to two language variants, in Czech and in French. Thirty participants took part in this experimental study - 10 professional interpreters, 10 interpreting students and 10 non-interpreters (people without interpreting training and professional interpreting experience). All of the participants had approximately the same language skills in Czech and in French. Czech was the mother tongue of all...
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The promise of wealth and the meaning of politics (Hannah Arendt on politics and economics)
Ujfaluši, Robin ; Kohák, Erazim (referee) ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor)
This paper focuses on the topic which is not so often reflected - the relation between the political and economical sphere in the thought of Hannah Arendt. This relation is usually considered to be unambiguous, as in the old Greek political thought: the political belongs to the sphere of freedom, the economical, on the contrary, to the sphere of material providing or necessity, and thus there is a substantial, invincible gap between them. The main thesis of this paper is, that the relation between the political and the economical is by no means assessable to the ancient tradition, but it is strongly determined by the general reflection of the civilization tendencies in the modern age and keeps its validity til nowadays. We follow this thesis in two phases and from two different perspectives. In the first part, Arendt's thought is being interpreted "from inside". Through the analysis of her writings, we try to sum up the main characteristics and distinctions of her economical-political thought. We start with the often neglected and never finished, but important work What is politics and continue with three historical moments, which are crucial for understanding of this relation by Arendt: the old Greek political thinking, the modern age with Marx as its prominent thinker and american Fathers as founders of...
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Hippotherapy as part of the comprehensive rehabilitation of clients with cerebral palsy
Pavlíčková, Klára ; Doležalová, Jana (advisor) ; Neumann, Cyril (referee)
This thesis deals with hippotherapy of clients with cerebral palsy, it summarizes the information about suffering from cerebral palsy and the possibility of rehabilitation, focusing primarily on a hippotherapy. Cerebral palsy is a disease in which there is a growing number of patients suffering from this disease and it is expected to continue to rise.
In the Czech Republic, there are between 16 000 - 20 000 disabled children who need regular rehabilitation care. CP is formed on the basis of pre-, peri- , postnatal factors , including factors like maternal infectious disease , low birth weight , premature or prolonged labor. CP has several forms, which define the type of the motor impairment and neuropathological estimated location of the lesion. The basic division is spastic and non - spastic forms that continue to divide. Disability in itself does not hide a disability motor character, but is often associated with epilepsy, mental retardation, speech disorders, orthopedic complications and others.
During treatment, we must take into account the fact that the same diagnosis does not mean the same treatment method therefore, there is a need for an individual approach to each. The most important component of comprehensive rehabilitation is a medical rehabilitation, particularly methods of physiotherapy. An appropriate additional treatment method is undoubtedly hippotherapy. Hippotherapy uses a three-dimensional movement of the horseback to the transmission of pulses into the patient s body. A riding patient can sit and lie in the direction against the direction of travel. Hippotherapy is suitable for all ages, it is appropriate to initiate therapy in infancy, starting from 2-3 months.
Hippotherapy affects gross motor function, reduces spasticity, helps improve walking, and generally strengthens the deep stabilization system. It has great influence on the psychic of the patient area. The patient is motivated and works better, learn to communicate and establish relationships, not only with the horse, but also with a therapist.
Currently, interest is increasing in hippotherapy from parents of children and clients. This produces more new centres dealing with hippotherapy.
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The effect of Toxoplasma gondii on the intermediate host
Vosátka, Martin ; Chaloupková, Helena (advisor) ; Hradec, Michal (referee)
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite, which has a wide spectrum of warm-blooded hosts, human included. It has worldwide occurrence. The most important role for it has a feline, which serves like a definitive host and allows it to proliferate. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to sum up all identified information so far about the possibilities of relationship between protozoan parasite and its intermediate hosts mainly in area of behavior. Laboratory mouse, the most examined animal associated with behavioral changes, was chosen as an intermediate host. This thesis was also aimed on affecting of human behavior by Toxoplasma gondii in general and about problems connected with it, for example connection with mental diseases and higher risk of traffic accidents. Manipulation of mice by Toxoplasma leads to change in basic instincts necessary for survival. It is especially about attraction to feline odour, when the degree of attraction depends on the dose of stimulus. Area of learning and memory was examined at mice model as well. Worsen ability of learning and memory was demonstrated in most cases (Flegr et al., 2014). Also relationship between number of cysts in the brain and worse results were observed (Vyas et al., 2007). Another important area was human reaction time. Infected individuals had slower reactions, which indicates worsen long-term concentration (Havlíček et al., 2001). Worsen concentration plays an important role and it is connected with a chance of susceptibility to accidents and riskiness for drivers. The individuals with latent Toxoplasma had 2,65 times higher chance for traffic accident (Flegr et al., 2002). T. gondii plays an important role in mental diseases, especially in link with schizophrenia. Effective medication of schizophrenia can inhibit T. gondii (Yolken et al., 2009). Schizophrenia often results in suicide attempt. That is why possible link between suicide attempts and presence of the parasite was researched. The study shows connection between antibody levels of T. gondii and suicide attempts, but just in a subgroup of patients younger than 38 years. It is probably because of risk of suicide attempts in schizophrenia appears in earlier phase of the disease (Okusaga et al., 2011).
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Perception-cognitive skills of football assistant referees
Suchý, Václav ; Psotta, Rudolf (advisor) ; Zahálka, František (referee) ; Buzek, Mario (referee)
Název: Percepčně kognitivní dovednosti asistentů fotbalových rozhodčích Název v angličtině: Perceptual and cognitive skills of football assistant referees: Systematical review Cíl práce: Metoda: Výsledky: Poukázat na současné poznatky o percepčně kognitivním výkonu asistentů fotbalových rozhodčích při posuzování vzájemných pozic hráčů ve vztahu k pravidlu o ofsajdu. Získávání informací z odborných publikací, databází, vědeckých časopisů a dostupných internetových publikací. Na jejich základě vytvoření systematického přehledu dosavadních poznatků. Práce vymezuJe základní problematické okruhy v posuzování ofsajdových situací, kterými jsou určování vzájemných pozic hráčů, přesouvání zorného pole asistentů rozhodčích a jejich postavení. Dále potvrzuje hypotézu efektu opožděného záblesku a hypotézu efektu optické chyby jako hlavní příčiny chybování asistentů fotbalových rozhodčích při posuzování ofsajdových Klíčová slova: situací. Ukazuje na možnosti redukce těchto chyb a alternativní způsoby posuzování ofsajdových situací. Asistent rozhodčího, ofsajd, efekt opožděného záblesku, efekt optické chyby, percepční a kognitivní dovednost.
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The dog and its effect on the human psyche
Široká, Kateřina ; Fiala Šebková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Eva (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to create a scientific research which is both comprehensive and current on the topic Dogs and their influence on human mental health. The first part is about general usage of dogs in animal-assisted therapy. The history of the mutual relationship between people and dogs is mentioned briefly, including not only domestication of dogs but also the first utilization of dogs in animal-assisted therapy. Further there are different methods of animal-assisted therapy, which can be divided into activities (AAA), therapy (AAT), education (AAE) and animal assisted crisis response (AACR). Coherent conception of education as we know from other fields is still missing in canistherapy as well as unification of testing rules for dogs used in canistherapy. The mentioned levels of therapists qualifications and testing rules for dogs in canistherapy in this thesis are based on a non-profit organisation Pomocné tlapky o.p.s. The second part of this work is focused on dogs influence on human mental health in different diseases and stages of life. Dogs can have an important role in infants emotional development including self-confidence growth, independence and empathy. Dog assisted therapy is proven to be useful for improving psychosocial adaptation of young people in institutional treatment, who suffer from psychosocial problems caused by a traumatic experience from childhood. Dogs can help to stimulate speech development in autistic children, support social interactions as well as both verbal and nonverbal behaviour. Dog assisted therapy was designed as a care complement for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder because it is well known that dogs have positive influence on reducing stress and anxiety. As anxiety is a key schizophrenia feature, dog assisted therapy is also beneficial when treating this disease. AAT application is used for aphasia patients to aim at their desire to communicate, improving their mood and decreasing their feelings of loneliness. Animal assisted intervention (AAI) is also one of the methods designed to improve life quality of geriatric patients. AAI is used as an innovative means to improve mental health in geriatric patients. Dogs also represent big psychological support in oncology patients and make healing process easier. Dogs support feelings of Calmness, wellbeing and safety during hospitalization. As emerged from many studies, dogs have positive influence on human mental health and due to this it is beneficial to include dog assisted intervention as a complementary method within complex rehabilitation.
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Study of the action of ivermectin on purinergic P2X4 receptor
Jelínková, Irena ; Teisinger, Jan (advisor) ; Šťastný, František (referee) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
The P2X4 receptor is ATP-gated cation channel. It is the only mamrnalian purinergic receptor which is modulated by extracellularly applied ivennectin (IVM). rVM is an allosteric modulator that has several effects on receptor [unction: it increases sensitivity to agonists, potentiates maximum current amplitude and prolongs the deactivation kinetics of the channel after agonist washout. The aim of this study was to localize IVM binding site and using its positive allosteric effect to get new inforrnatioll about the structure and function of P2X. receptor. Initially we focused on identification of regions and residues responsible for IVM effect on channel function. We used several chimeras of P2X2 and P2X. receptors and P2X. receptors with single point mutatioll. Experiments with chimeric receptors revealed that extracellular sequence V49-V61 but not tbe sequ nce V64-Y315 is important for the effects af IVM on channel deactivation. Receptor-specific alanine mutations placed in transmembrane domains 029-V61 and N338-L358 showed the importance of residues W50, V61 and V357 for TVM effect Oll channel deactivation. We tested further the irnportance of aH residues in transmembrane domains. Cysteine scanning mutagenesis supported the relevance of previously identified W50 residue and showed the importance ofresidues...
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