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The Theory of Cognition in Thomas Aquinas
Samec, Zdeněk ; Novák, Lukáš (advisor) ; Válová, Dita (referee)
(in English): The thesis "The Theory of Cognition in Thomas Aquinas" investigates the conception of cognition in the work of one of the most significant medieval thinkers, saint Thomas Aquinas. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the elements of Thomas's conception of cognition, i.e. sense perception, intellectual grasp of essences and Thomas's theory of intentional mediation of cognition (species sensibilis and species intelligibilis). In the following part of the thesis Thomas's theory of intentionality is considered in detail, with approaches of the so-called direct realism (held by D. Perler) and representationalism (held by R. Pasnau) taken in account. The thesis ends by its author's own evaluation of the controversy between representationalism and direct realism.
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Language, speech and understanding
Zajíc, Václav ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (referee) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
This thesis studies different conceptions of knowledge as they were conceived by George Berkeley and Immanuel Kant. In the first chapter we concentrate on Berkeley's pragmatic interpretation of knowledge which is based on the localization of the non-predicative judgements into the inner structure of perception. As the result there is such knowledge which is by human being used to identification of conditions for the formation of particular combinations of ideas and also to their more or less exact prognosis. We concentrate also on Berkeley's attempt to avoid "ontological" or "absolute" interpretations of "traditional concepts of metaphysics" as ,substance', an absolute existence of non-egoistic matterial being etc. In the second chapter of this thesis we are trying to study in which way is the idea of knowledge being transformed, in case that the starting point for interpretation of knowledge is, according to Kant, descriptive analysis of synthetic judgements a priori, whose proposition is the synthesis of subject and predicate. We will show that Kant contributed to the new understanding of metaphysics as transcendental research possibility of knowledge, and how were thanks to that meanings and status of subject and object transformed. We will make in the third and closing chapter complete...
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Anotated translation: José Luis Díaz: "CIENCIA Y ARTE: LA INTELIGENCIA DE LAS MUSAS"
Hrách, Ondřej ; Králová, Jana (advisor) ; Charvátová, Anežka (referee)
This bachelor's thesis consists of two main parts. The first part is constituted by the translation from Spanish to Czech of the selected essays written by the Mexican author José Luis Díaz and published in his book El ábaco, la lira y la rosa: las regiones del conocimiento, specifically in the sixth chapter named CIENCIA Y ARTE: LA INTELIGENCIA DE LAS MUSAS. The second part consists of the translation annotation, which is comprised of the translation analysis of the source text, the characterisation of the applied translation procedures, and the description of the specific problems arisen during the translation process, including the explanation of the chosen solutions. Key words: annotated translation, translation of essays, translation analysis, translation problems, translation procedures, Mexican essay, science and art, knowledge, cognition
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Interpersonal relationship and spiritual growth
Kučerová, Barbora ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Jinek, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to investigate the connection between de- veloping relationships with other people and individual effort on the highest knowledge. Its intention is to examine the form of this connection between social and epistemological (or theological) sphere. Through the analysis of M. Buber's work I and Thou and I. Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, the thesis attempts to present and clarify what kind of relationships can we adopt towards the world, other people, and spiritual sphere. Within the scope of these relatioships, the thesis wish to emphasise the specificity of interpersonal relationship. Afterwards, on the grounds of this specifity, it should be shown whether there is any spe- cial mutual dependance between interpersonal relationship and the higher knowledge. However, it might be also shown that there is not such depen- dance or even that in striving for higher knowledge and spiritual growth, it is necessary to surrender all finite things including interpersonal relation- ships. Whatever the outcome of this reflection might be, we are still human beings dealing with everyday circumstances of ordinary life. Consequently, we cannot break loose of involvement in interpersonal relationships as we are repeatably forced to return...
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Development of Knowledge in Medicine in Japan in the 18th Century
Špirochová, Kateřina ; Labus, David (advisor) ; Sýkora, Jan (referee)
In this thesis, I'm dealing with development of knowledge in medicine in Japan in the 18th century. The first part of this thesis describes the way how the people of Early modern Japan understand the human body. Also it introduces three medicine styles which were common in those days in Japan. The second part of the thesis is about physicians and their status in society and about process of delvelopment of medicine during the 18th century. The last chapter makes clear the influence of medicine on developmnet of knowledge itself with emphasis on Western medicine.
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Knowledge by R.M. Rilke
Haiklová, Markéta ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis presents R. M. Rilke's attempt to rehabilitate human speech, which can be found in Duino Elegies and Sonnets to Orpheus. Starting with implicit questions, such as whether our sensual world is a product of our arrangement, or in what way the inner experience corresponds to external knowledge (i. e. he deals with the relation of the experiencing person and the experienced object), he eventually focuses on the relation between knowledge and language. The examined author could provide a new point of view on the theory of knowledge, namely on the certainty of knowledge, which is permanent, contrasted to the value of experience, which is ephemeral. His view on the problem of knowledge is based on the analysis of language, which he examines from the perspective of a poet who does not, nevertheless, consider verses for emotions but for experience. The poet analysed the relation between knowledge, experience and language already in his early poems, the so called Dinggedichte in a relationship their realization. In his late and the most famous two anthologies (Duino Elegies and Sonnets to Orpheus), Rilke tries to introduce the world of an artist who could adopt a new attitude to language. When seeking this new perspective, R. M. Rilke makes effort to deal with the duplicity of speech - authentic...
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JOSÉ MARTÍ - life and work with orientation to his essays Madre América and Nuestra América
Bočková, Sandra ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Housková, Anna (referee)
In my Bachelor thesis entitled "JOSÉ MARTÍ - life and work with orientation to his essays Madre América and Nuestra América" I am going to pursue two of his principal essays titled Madre América and Nuestra América which contain Marti's ideas related to the self- determination of the nations of Latin America. In order to analyse the respective themes, I consider necessary to introduce the author first. In my opinion, José Martí is one of the most important figures in the Cuban colonial era; he represents also one of the most influential ideological leaders of the Cuban independence war. His ideas about the Latin American roots, the union and the independent and equitable society also inspired the history of the whole Latin America. José Martí was also an outstanding figure in the world of literature. His complete works include poetry, articles, essays as well as dramas and one novel. Because of that I find appropriate to describe briefly his literary work. The crucial part consists in the analysis of the essays mentioned above, which deal with the roots of Latin America. According to Martí, the recognition of these roots and the faith in them will lead to the liberty of every Latin American nation; it will help to reach the unity among all of them and to avoid foreign influence. In the words of...
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