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British imperial experience in conflict management in Northern Ireland
Pavliňáková, Dominika ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
Bachalor's thesis 'British imperial experience in conflict management in Northern Ireland' discusses British army deployment to Northern Ireland's Troubles between 1969 and 1998. Thesis observes the use of classical British army counterinsurgency doctrine, which was formed in 1960s in the withdrawal from Empire (doctrine was massively influenced by successful COIN campaign in Malaya 1948-1960). Based on application of particular aspects of the doctrine (namely clear political aim, hearts and minds and civil-military coordination) this thesis describes to which extend army relied on this classical doctrine and to which extend was the doctrine modified and how new tactics and strategies were developed for the specific environment of Northern Ireland. Analysis of British army actions points out that army was strongly leaning towards the classical doctrine during initial years of deployment (1969-1972) lacking intelligence of its environment and made several mistakes because of its inability to reflect specific conditions of the conflict. In upcoming years, especially after direct rule of London was imposed in 1972 and the introduction of police primacy, army focused on intelligence gathering and fighting terrorism and was able to adapt to specific conditions and challenges rather well.
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Depiction of "Bloody Sunday" in the periodical press
Mrázková, Tina ; Bednařík, Petr (advisor) ; Francová, Pavla (referee)
This work analyses newspaper articles concerning the conflict between the catholic and the protestant communities of Northern Ireland and the event of January 30th 1972, which is commonly referred to as the "Bloody Sunday". The work is based on articles released by the Czechoslovak periodical press concerning the period between one month before the Bloody Sunday and one month after the event. This means articles released in January and February of 1972 were concerned. More precisely, articles printed in three national daily newspapers at that time were selected for the analysis: Rudé právo, Mladá fronta and Svobodné slovo. I will focus on how the Communist press reported about the events in Northern Ireland and place it into context with the political situation at that time on both the domestic and international level. An introduction to the regional history of Northern Ireland and a description of the events taking place on January 30th 1972 are a part of this thesis. Furthermore, I also depict how the Czechoslovak press conducted their activities in the 1970s, a period affected by both social and political changes referred to as the Normalisation. The aim of the analysis of the periodical press is manifold. First of all, I present the official stance adopted by the Czechoslovak Communist regime...
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Gaelic Athletic Association and Irish Football Association in the cultural memory of the citizens of Northern Ireland
Razím, Tomáš ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) and the Irish Football Association (IFA) were founded in the 1880s and throughout the history have become more than mere sport organizations. Mainly because of the violent history of Northern Ireland during the Troubles, both associations became entrenched in the respective cultural memories of the two competing identities of Northern Ireland. The large-scale violence ended in 1998 with the signing of the Belfast Agreement that was meant to bring peace and inter-communal cooperation to the region. This paper analyses the development of the two associations after 1998 in the context of the theory of cultural memory created by Jan Assmann. It concludes that the IFA has changed profoundly since the end of the Troubles. It left its post in the unionist-protestant cultural identity and now represents part of the new Northern Irish identity which transcends the social division and is still in an early stage of development. The GAA, on the other hand, went the other way and decided to strengthen its position among nationalists and Catholics in spite of its anti-sectarian and anti-racist ethos and gestures. This difference stems mainly from different history and structure of both associations and the fear of the GAA of becoming marginalized by the British sports if it...
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1981 Irish Hunger Strike in Cinema
Kolínová, Kristýna ; Kasáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
The hunger strike of Irish republican prisoners in 1981 that was held in Maze/Long Kesh prison in Northern Ireland was the culmination of a protest against the abolition of Special Category Status for convicted paramilitary prisoners. Ten men starved themselves to death. The events related to the hunger strike are not forgotten to this day and still arouse disputes in the society. This thesis focuses on the analysis of popular feature films whose main theme is the hunger strike in Northern Ireland. On a theoretical level, the thesis uses the concept of collective memory which is described in more detail and applied to the issues of cinema in the first part of the thesis. The second chapter briefly presents historical context: the hunger strike itself and also its legacy today. The last and the most important part of the text deals with three movies, namely Some Mother's Son (1996), H3 (2001) and Hunger (2008) which are compared with regard to the origin of their authors, the selection of specific aspects of the historical events and time of their creation. Besides a summary of the main findings, there is also an outline of how filmmakers generally work with the theme of hunger strike in the conclusion.
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Functioning of nationalist and separatist organisations. Comparative study of IRA and ETA
Vyšatová, Eliška ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut politologických studií Eliška Vyšatová Praha 2014 Diploma thesis: The Functioning of national-separatist organizations. A Comparative study of the IRA and ETA Abstract: The diploma thesis "The Functioning of National-Separatist Organizations. A Comparative Study of IRA and ETA" deals with two West European national-separatist organizations as well as the phenomenon of political terrorism and ethnic conflict. The selected organizations are unique among other ones as to their history and the way of functioning, and for these reasons they have been chosen for this study. Both organizations can be considered the main source of conflict in the national separatist movement in Basque Country and Northern Ireland from the beginning of the 20th century. The basic premise is that both IRA and ETA reach their aim, which can be generalised as independence of the national states, which they are a part of, in a specific way, it being primarily terrorism. The main aim of this paper is to compare various aspects of functioning of IRA and ETA and, on the basis of these results, to evaluate if we can consider these as two organizations different from other groups of this kind as well as different from each other, although they demonstrate some similar...
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The IRA in the First Years of the Troubles. Irish Republican Army and its Newly Founded Fractions in 1969-1972
Halama, Vojtěch ; Soukup, Jaromír (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
Aim of this bachelor thesis is an analysis of the rise of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) in the first years of the Troubles. Discussed events are put into context of history of the Irish republicanism and an appropriate attention is paid to the change in IRA's approaches in the 1960s. The core part of the thesis follows up a period between 1969, when a split in organisation occured and the PIRA was created, and July 30-31 1972, when British operation Motorman ended the period of PIRA's greatest strenght. The purpose of this thesis is to "explain" early Provisional IRA, to analyse its role in political and ethnic conflict and especially to find the causes of its truly impressive rise, mostly caused by brilliant exploitation of potential of the Troubles. This thesis also contains a chapter that deals with activity of the "Official" IRA (OIRA).
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Northern Irish-British relations after 1998 in the context of devolution examines
Hecht, Petr ; Říchová, Blanka (advisor) ; Švec, Kamil (referee)
Bachelor's thesis Northern Irish-British relations after 1998 in the context of devolution examines development and causes of periodization of the Northern Ireland's autonomous assembly since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) until 2012. In the same interval examines the thesis development and transformation of british government policy towards Northern Ireland and reflects the actions of the main political parties in Northern Ireland as well as the role of Republic of Ireland. It uses the method of descriptive case study. The ascertain facts suggests, that the political situation in Northern Ireland was significantly stabilized just after the decommissioning by the paramilitary groups, primarily IRA. The shift in the british government approach towards Northern Ireland contributed to settle the situation as well. Nevertheless, the process of creating stable political representation and functional legislative and executive bodies lasted almost a decade since signing GFA. The transformation of society will take even longer.
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The Securitization of Terrorism: The Evolution of Debate on Detention Measures in the United Kingdom and in Spain
Vrubel, Jan ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
The thesis deals with the theme of counter-terrorism legislation in two West European countries, namely in the United Kingdom and in Spain. Specifically I focus on the topic of detention measures (particularly on the specifics of the means of detention of suspects of terrorism) and on the attempts of their toughening in both of the states named above. On the present issue I apply the theory of securitization, through which I examine the debate on toughening the detention measures, which occurred in both of these countries. The text of the thesis comprises of two long historical chapters and a comparative final one. The first two chapters deal with the complicated development of terrorist threats and counter-terrorist reaction with a special focus on detention measures. The main goal is to introduce the extensive matter of counter-terrorist legislation and to integrate the principal topic in a broader context. The final chapter consists of several shorter parts, which allow the comparison of distinct attitudes of both states. After 9/11 both the United Kingdom and Spain chose different strategies how to deal with the threat of terrorism legislatively and how to toughen the measures examined. The main research question is how the securitization of terrorism in the United Kingdom and in Spain differed...
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Phenomena of Parading in Northern Ireland Conflict
Novotná, Tereza ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
Diploma thesis Phenomena of Parading in Northern Ireland Conflict applies a concept of reconciliation to the case of parades and parading in Northern Ireland. It uses the theoretical framework of conflict resolution, post-conflict reconstruction and a concept of reconciliation as a main theoretical anchor. The aim is to illustrate on the case of unionist/loyal parades whether the process of reconciliation is taking place. Method used is process tracing. The transformation of behavior is analyzed on four different factors of parading: the overall number of parades, parades statistics and changes the Orange Order implemented; parade routes and their development - a specific case of Orange Drumcree parade is examined; the use of symbols in Northern Ireland context and during parades; societal significance of parades. The thesis reaches the conclusion that based on the example of parades; process of reconciliation is most likely not taking place in Northern Ireland. Some of the data are inconclusive, therefore a firm statement cannot be made, however the existing data shows prevailing tendency towards absence of reconciliation.
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Religion segmentation in Northern Ireland, 1861-2001
Smetanová, Daniela ; Říchová, Blanka (advisor) ; Masopustová, Ilona (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis "Religion segmentation in Northern Ireland, 1861-2001" examines the evolution of the representation of religious communities of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland. Protestants mostly came to Ulster during the Ulster plantation in the early 17th century from England and Scotland. They brought a different culture, way of life and religion to Catholic Ireland. The basis of the conflict in Northern Ireland is a distinct religion that blends into political life. Groups of Catholics and Protestants stand opposite, Catholics try to unify with the Republic of Ireland (Nationalists) and Protestants protect the current situation, a union with Great Britain (Unionists). This paper examines the geographic aspect of the religious composition of the population in counties Antrim, Down, Londonderry/Derry, Tyrone, Armagh and Fermanagh since 1861, when Ireland was part of Great Britain and continues through the division of the island into the southern and northern parts and the culmination of the conflict in Northern Ireland, until 2001 when the situation in Ulster began to stabilize thanks to the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. The principal objectives of research are to identify factors influencing the distribution of religious groups and the influence of each phase on the...
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