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Anotated translation: BLAS ARITIO, Luis. Parques nacionales iberoamericanos. Madrid: Anaya, c1988, 2 v. Biblioteca iberoamericana (Madrid, Spain), no. 40, etc. ISBN 84207311292.
Čechová, Eva ; Králová, Jana (advisor) ; Charvátová, Anežka (referee)
This bachelor thesis consists of two parts: practical and theoretical. The practical part consists of the translation of the introduction and a few chapters from Parques nacionales iberoamericanos II from Spanish to Czech. The book, written by the Spanish author Luis Blas Aritio, follows the first volume from the two-volume series called Parques nacionales iberoamericanos and presents to the reader the natural, and partially also the cultural, wealth of Iberian America through an enumeration and description of the most significant and the most representative national parks that were founded until the end of 1980s. The second, theoretical part of this thesis consists of a translation-oriented text analysis based on Christiane Nord's model, a chapter on the method of translation, a commentary on the translation problems and their solutions and a typology of shifts in the translation. Key words: translation, analysis, translation shifts, Iberian America, national park, natural area, ecology
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Students' Relationship to the Nature
Zimová, Eliška ; Novotný, Petr (advisor) ; Jančaříková, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis titled "Students' Relationship to the Nature" deals with the topic of students' relationship to the nature. This relationship is found out on the basis of a questionnaire, which was created by the German doctor and teacher Otto Schmeil in the year 1899. The first part of this thesis contains the definition and explanation of basic concepts related to the subject, such as nature, relationship to the nature, ecology and environmentalism, etc. The second part is dedicated to the research. The original questionnaire comes from the book of Dr. O. Schmeil, that is titled "Über die Reformbestrebungen auf dem Gebiete des naturgeschichtlichen Unterrichts". In 1899 this questionnaire was submitted to 150 respondents in the age of 12-14. The questions in this questionnaire are focused on the experiences of pupils with nature, such as for example: "Have you ever seen how to make cheese?", "Have you ever seen a snail in move?", etc. The same questionnaire was submitted to 405 pupils in nowaday Czech schools that were in the same age composition as the originally questionned were. The final discussion and conclusion is dedicated to a comparison between the replies of the respondents in 1899 and in 2015, and at the same time, in the research from the year 2015 to a comparison between respondents from...
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Diversity, distribution and ecology of epigeous amphipods in the Czech Republic
Hrdinová, Monika ; Sacherová, Veronika (advisor) ; Tátosová, Jolana (referee)
Amphipods (Crustacea, Amphipoda) can be found in fresh and brackish waters and in oceans and seas, several species live in terrestrial habitats. In comparison with other Central European countries there are fewer species of amphipods in the Czech Republic, their number, however, increased over the last decade from 8 to 12 species. Despite that, there is no recent review on ecology and distribution of those species. Presented study is an overview of epigeous species presently occurring in the Czech Republic, their ecology and habitat preferences, deals with changes in distribution areas and factors governing these changes. Based on specific features of species, it can be concluded that for expansion of distribution range a tolerance to extreme temperature peaks is needed, important is also availability of suitable habitats.
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Sustainable Development in Eastern and Western cities in Europe the example of competition of Green Cities
Frolíková, Štěpánka ; Sládek, Jan (advisor) ; Podaná, Zuzana (referee)
The bachelor thesis will deal with conception of sustainable development in European cities primarily will be interested in comparison of central, eastern and western cities. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a empirical part. In the theoretical par, there is described historical evolution of the conception sustainable development in sociological and institutional terms. The thesis is focused on principal measure tool - indicator which can judge the condition of environment during time period. The empirical part is interested in comparison European cities within sustainable development which is observed by categories with set measure tool based on valuation of indicators. In the empirical part is derived from research project European Green City Index.
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Effect of habitat fragmentation on bat ecology
Kočí, Jakub ; Lučan, Radek (advisor) ; Hořák, David (referee)
Habitat fragmentation poses one of main threats to biodiversity. Bats (Chiroptera) serve as an important group of bioindicators. Habitat disturbance can induce different answers among them, especially in a tropical forest where bats provide important ecosystem functions such as seed dispersal and plant pollination. Difference between their reactions can be seen between different biomes: Negative influence to the species richness can be expected in a tropical forest with high degree of endemism whereas in temperate zone with long-term human influence to the landscape composition bats might have partially adapted to patchiness of the landscape and fragmentation could have locally positive effect. This thesis aims to summarize current knowledge of how fragmentation influences bat ecology with special aim for the difference between various biomes. Key words: Bats, Chiroptera, fragmentation, neotropics, paleotropics, Europe, temperate zone
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Diversity and ecology of filamentous green conjugate algae
Strouhalová, Pavla ; Šťastný, Jan (advisor) ; Pichrtová, Martina (referee)
Filamentous conjugating algae have a cosmopolitan distribution. They often inhabit fragile freshwater habitats such as temporary hydrated ditches or puddles of melting snow. Occurrence in this environment entails having to deal with extreme conditions. That helps them to variously adaptation and also the formation of resistant stages. Algae belonging to this group have an important role in nature, because they are often the first species that inhabit newly created habitats and consequently also often become the dominant species. Diversity, as well as the ecological requirements of individual representatives, is unclear. Taxonomy of filamentous algae is conjugating is most based on morphological characters that are not very reliable. For filamentous conjugating algae is polyploidy really frequent. With changeable ploidy relate also morphological variability and different environmental requirements.
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Taxonomic position, phylogenetic relationships and metal resistance of green algae dominating in phytoplankton of two acid lakes
Barcyte, Dovile ; Nedbalová, Linda (advisor) ; Hašler, Petr (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to reveal the taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships of the dominant planktonic algae in two acid metal-rich lakes (Hromnice Lake and Plešné Lake, Czech Republic) and to compare these isolates with other closely related strains with the focus on the tolerance to various toxic metals (Cr, Al, Cu, Mn, Zn, Hg). The phylogenetic analyses showed that both strains belong to species Coccomyxa simplex. It was the first evidence that specifically this species is capable to become the dominant phytoplankton alga in the extreme environment of acid lakes with increased supply of phosphorus. Based on 18S rDNA analysis, four independent phylogenetic lineages were revealed within the genus Coccomyxa with three of them containing isolates from acid freshwaters. Furthermore, new strains of the recently described species Coccomyxa polymorpha were found growing in various chemical solutions. The toxicity test revealed that Coccomyxa simplex strains isolated from Hromnice and Plešné lakes did not show any peculiar resistance to increased metal concentrations. A significantly strain-specific response was recorded in case of aluminum, however, it was not related to the concentration of this metal in the original habitat. The ability to thrive in extreme habitats is probably...
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Change of structure and function of a fungal comunnities in the soil environment after the end of the flowassimilates with Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Charvátová, Markéta ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Mrnka, Libor (referee)
The decomposition of plant biomass is associated with changes of the associated fungal community which is crucial in the process of degradation due to their production of extracellular enzymes. Moreover, fungal communities as well as enzymatic activity are specific for soil microhabitats. This thesis focused on the importance of fungi associated with the roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees. Forest with dominating Norway spruce, located in the School Forest Enterprise Křtiny area in Moravia, was selected for the experiment. The aim of this thesis was to compare the community composition of fungi in the roots, rhizosphere and bulk soil and to describe the gradual development of this community after the death of the roots. The next aim was to isolate, describe and characterize those fungi that decomposed roots 5 and 9 months after tree harvest. Identification of fungal isolates was based on DNA sequencing. Degradation capabilities were determined as the activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of lignocellulose. Composition of fungal communities was described by sequencing of environmental DNA on the Illumina platform. Before the flow of assimilates from the live trees stopped, communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi dominated with 60 % of all sequences. Increased abundance of saprotrophic...
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Fungi associated with decomposing wood in temperate forests
Štercová, Lucie ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Zikánová, Blanka (referee)
Wood decaying fungi are an essential part of all forest ecosystems. On their functioning depends a number of other organisms which use substances produced during decay of wood. Enzymes that degrade wood represent indispensable tool for fungi in converting structural compounds of wood to water and carbon dioxide. That makes them an essential part of the carbon cycle in nature. The dynamic of fungal communities on decaying wood is determined by a range of abiotic and biotic factors. The variability of microclimatic conditions, differences in the wood humidity and a gaseous mode are identifying stress factors which define the presence of species adapted to those conditions. An important factor, with which we can partially predict community composition, is the degree of decomposition of wood and the history of a species on the substrate. Another indicator, which may partly explain the composition of the community is a way of dying of a tree and a type of decaying substrate. Often, the development of a community follows from the primary colonizers, with high tolerance to unfavorable conditions, through the secondary colonizers, which have the ability to obtain the substrate over primary colonizers, but require more stable microclimatic conditions, to late colonizers, who are adapted to stress factors as...
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Analysis of the emission allowances and their socio-environmental impacts
Krutská, Kristýna ; Suša, Oleg (advisor) ; Sieber, Martina (referee)
(in English): Each day, tons of carbon dioxide, greenhouse gasses and other pollutants are released into our atmosphere due to human activity. This causes a "greenhouse" effect, which contributes to global warming. To continue this course of action should be seen as unbearable for mankind as we are poisoning and destroying our planet. The Kyoto Protocol has become the launching platform of combatting this problem and it requires the developed countries involved to commit to a long-term reduction of green house gas emissions. The Czech Republic has embraced this scheme, and this involvement will be analysed. Trading with emission allowances is one of the main tools used by the Kyoto Protocol and this thesis analyses the genesis as well as the continued development of emission allowances and evaluates both the benefits and weaknesses of such a scheme.
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