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Reactive Multi-agent models in economics
Burian, Jan ; Pstružina, Karel (advisor) ; Berka, Petr (referee) ; Pospíchal, Jiří (referee)
Multi-agent models are software models of real systems, which are compounded of a large amount of active autonomous units -- agents. The main theme of this study is the application of multi-agent models in economics. In the first part of this study I synthesized information from many sources and created a proposal of methodology of multi-agent modeling in social sciences. This methodology is illustrated by a detailed analysis of a well-known model of ethnocentric behavior. I focused on the issue of complexity a self-organization a observed the development of different kinds of structural complexity. Another important issue I'm dealing with is the relation between multi-agent models and analytical models used by the mainstream economy The second part contains three applications of multi-agent models in economy. All described models are research models -- the aim is to get insight into the fundamental laws controlling the dynamics of the system. Research models should be as simple as possible -- than we can understand how the behavior of the system is resulting from the interaction of agents. All models represent an alternative to some typical economic situation. The alternative consists mainly in abandoning of the assumption of full rationality of agents. I focused on models with reactive agents, which don't dispose any memory (or only an indirect form of memory) and have no ability of complex symbolical representation of the environment. Reactivity of agents doesn't necessarily mean an unwanted limitation. It could be properly used to model different kinds of bounded rationality. The model of transaction costs on financial markets is based on another model, which showed how the instability of the financial market could result from interactions of agents with bounded rationality. The instability of the financial markets contradicts the Effective Markets Hypothesis. I modified and extended this model with the mechanism of transaction cost. The model shows that higher transaction costs lead to greater stability of the market, they decrease the volume of trade and to some extent they can increase the efficiency of the modeled market. The model of evolution of aversion to risk and ambiguity is inspired by psychological and neurological experiments whose results contradict the Expected Utility Hypothesis. Model shows that there exists very simple mechanism which leads to evolution of risk and ambiguity aversion. This aversion evolves because of situations when the agent can repeatedly decide between two choices, one brings him low but risk free utility, second brings him higher utility which involves the risk that the agent will lose its ability to get any utility in the future (e.g. it will die). The model shows that sexual reproduction strengthens this mechanism. If this mechanism has also evolved in humans, it can influence their behavior and lead to "irrational" behavior contradicting the Expected utility hypothesis. The model of monopsony on the labor market analyses the situation in which the employer could cut the wages to the existential minimum of workers. In such a case are the workers paradoxically to increase the labor supply when the wages are decreasing. The model further analyses the influence of consumer loans on the profit of the employer, unemployment and welfare. The model shows that the increasing of the probability of consumer loans increases the profits, increases unemployment, decreases well-fare and in some situations it enables the employer to decrease the wages to the existential minimum. The model also suggests that for very low wages the decrease of minimum wage could lead to increase of unemployment. From the results recommendations could be obtained both for the profit maximizing employer and for the workers resisting the wage cuts.
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DMA Support for HCS08 Microcontrollers Family
Novosád, Adrián ; Strnadel, Josef (referee) ; Šimek, Václav (advisor)
Embedded systems are dedicated to perform specific tasks, so design engineers can optimize them to reduce the size and cost of the product and increase the reliability and performance. However, result of these optimizations is that some architectures may lack commonly used technologies such as direct memory access (DMA). We may encounter with this situation in family of microcontrollers HCS08. The main theme of this work is to describe a design of DMA controller that can be added into the family of microcontrollers HCS08.
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Management of the fund of alternative assets
Sobotka, Jan ; Radová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Fičura, Milan (referee)
This thesis deals with the management of the fund of alternative investments with an emphasis on photovoltaic projects in the Czech Republic. The main objective is to evaluate whether, after numerous legislative changes, these projects continue to be an attractive investment alternative. The impact of legislative changes on the economy and efficiency of the projects were analyzed for fictitious projects using static and dynamic methods of investment evaluation. The analysis showed that if there was knowledge of the additional cost burden resulting from changes in legislation, then none of the evaluated projects would have been implemented. In general, changes have had the most significant impact on projects that initially appeared to be most effective. In terms of size, restrictions affected mainly smaller projects. Overall, there was a relative alignment of return. For projects with higher levels of debt, an additional cost burden could be liquidational. Then the portfolio of alternative investment fund was created, which consists of assets of two alternative projects evaluated before. This led to evaluation, whether, despite charged fees but a lower tax rate, the investment through the fund is more favorable compared to an own special purpose company. Due to the small size of the fund the hypothesis of fund being more effective mean of administration, was not confirmed.
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Carbon Capture and Storage Technology in Energy Industry
Šulcová, Anna ; Melichar, Jan (advisor) ; Dvořák, Antonín (referee)
Given the growing worldwide interest in fossil fuels on one hand and mitigation of climate change on the other hand, it is necessary to research into new technologies as Carbon Capture and Storage. This technology became a matter of interest as an option to diminish greenhouse gas emissions of power plants. It is essential to find out about the costs of Carbon Capture and Storage and expected future costs of power plants with CCS. Impact of this techology is not only in the sphere of capital and operational costs, but it also influences power plant efficiency and fuel consumption in negative way. Analysis of reductions in the costs of this technology as a result of learning-by-doing is observed on Experience Curves. This study observes influence of CCS on costs of mainly PC, IGCC and NGCC type of power plant. CCS technology has positive impact not only on environment, but it is possible to assess Enhanced Oil, Methane or Gas Recovery, which can partly offset costs of this technology.
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Analýza finančních toků spojených se zdravotnictvím a spokojenost pacientů se zdravotní péčí poskytovanou v soukromě vlastněných nemocnicích v České republice
Supová, Aneta ; Štěrbová, Ludmila (advisor)
This Master Thesis focuses on the structure of health related financial flows and patient satisfaction with privately owned hospitals in the Czech Republic. The main aim was to provide a general overview of health care system in the Czech Republic, to describe how the health care system is financed, and to find out if patients hospitalized in privately owned hospitals are more satisfied with the care provided in this type of hospitals. Having analyzed the major statistical reports from the WHO, EU, and the Institution of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, the theoretical part provided a comprehensive summary of health care, health financial flows, and pricing of health treatments. The practical part, on the other hand, shows distribution of health costs among differently aged people in the form of contribution/expenditure ratio. Finally, the results of the questionnaires conducted among patients in privately owned hospitals enabled to conclude that patients in the Czech Republic are still not fully aware of the difference between privately and publically owned hospitals.
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Radial approach to coronary catheterizations and interventions
Bernat, Ivo ; Rokyta, Richard (advisor) ; Vojáček, Jan (referee) ; Ošťádal, Petr (referee)
Radial approach in coronary catheterizations and interventions has been only an alternative of the femoral approach. But due to some important advantages radial approach has a chance to become the first choice in majority of catheterized patients. The most important advantage is the reduction of vascular access site bleeding complications. Additonal benefits are patient satisfaction, cost reduction, shorter hospital stay and possibility of the same-day discharge catheterizations and interventions. The aim of our work was to try to answer three open questions: 1. is it possible to catheterize majority of our patients from the left radial artery when 90% of them are right-handed ? 2. what is the optimal care for the radial artery after the procedure in prevention and treatment of radial artery occlusion? 3. is it effective to implement radial approach in primary PCI as a first approach for STEMI patients? The first part relates the left radial approach. After construction of our special variable support for the left arm and forearm we succesfully used this approach in our studies in almost 90% of patients. The second part of this work contains our randomized trial comparing two different doses of unfractionated heparin in prevention of radial artery occlusion after diagnostic cardiac catheterizations....
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Realization of micropayment system
Schwarz, Pavel ; Koubský, Petr (advisor) ; Maule, Petr (referee)
Czech market offers sadly no simple solution for making a fast payment on the internet for the low-cost. Comparing to the world trends the Czech internet community has small experience with online and fast payment. About 100 million of users use micropayment system every day worldwide. This is a significant trend that Czech market will follow soon. Czech internet e-commerce grows steeply gradually. Marketing company GfK Praha released research according to which 3 millions of Czech internet users made shopping payment on the web last year. This outstanding figure proves a growth in habit of using the internet for e-commerce purposes. Users reveal the real flexibility of the web which can offer not only information base but also mainly entertainment side. The worldwide tendency of digitalization shows convergence of the internet and home entertainment. It is clear that the direction of the internet will become the home medium centre soon. Web services such as TV, gaming, voice, data sharing are already on the net. It is clear that the internet business of intangible services is on the start and awaits its expansion. New services of this king will surely bring new demand for fast web payment solution.
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Multilinguism - learning a second foreign language
Hanušová, Alena ; Vachková, Marie (referee) ; Berglová, Eva (advisor)
The subject of this graduation thesis is "Multilinguism and Learning a Second Foreign Language". The concept of multilinguism maintains the importance of all languages, not only English, in today's multicultural world. The knowledge of mother tongue and the first foreign language can have a significant influence on learning a second foreign language. The thesis deals with the impact of these substances for teaching foreign languages. The theoretical approach to the topic of multilinguism is supported with results of a survey held at selected Czech schools.
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The specifics of Japanese management on the example of Mitsubishi Electric Automotive Czech, s.
Nováková, Anna ; Tureckiová, Michaela (advisor) ; Reichel, Jiří (referee)
In this thesis certain elements of the Japanese management model are examined in the context of Euro-Atlantic management model. As a single integral model of Japanese management does not exist, firstly, two groups of selected elements of Japanese management are explained in the theoretical part. The aim of this thesis is to analyze whether selected approaches of Japanese management have been applied at Mitsubishi Electric Automotive Czech s. r. o., and or how they have been modified in the Czech Republic. The first group of selected elements includes approaches in which active employees allow the organization to achieve high quality products and services - the strategy of kaizen, the activities of quality control circles and total quality management. Japanese management features that are included in the second group lead to the organization cost minimization. Particularly, this paper describes the just-in-time production, total productive maintenance concept, the technique of 5S, the technique of systematic elimination of wasting and the phenomenon of employee loyalty. Having realized a qualitative survey with seven respondents, the analysis showed that the chosen approaches in the organization have been applied, except for the quality control circles. The kaizen strategy has been narrowed down...
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The St. Barbora cathedral in Kutná Hora. Architectural work of master Hanuš and Matěj Rejsek
Pospíšil, Aleš ; Benešovská, Klára (advisor) ; Macek, Petr (referee)
V roce 2005 byla na Ústavu pro dějiny umění FFUK v Praze vypracována magisterská diplomová práce pod vedením prof. PhDr. Jaromíra Homolky CSc. na téma "Chrám sv. Barbory v Kutné Hoře, dílo Matěje Rejska jako architekta ". Obhájena byla tato práce v témže roce. Největší důraz v ní byl kladen na rozlišení, které části stavby lze připsat Matěji Rejskovi a které po dvojím restaurování chrámu lze považovat za autentické. Na základě tohoto rozboru a detailního popisu bylo možné konstatovat, že Matěj Rejsek vytvořil chórem sv. Barbory pozoruhodné architektonické dílo se svébytnými prvky. V předkládané rigorózní práci je obsah předchozí studie rozšířen o osobnost a dílo mistra Hanuše, prvního stavitele chrámu v pozdně gotickém období a o prohloubené poznání samotného Rejskova díla. Díky lešení po stavenému až po klenbu chóru bylo možné poznat chrám také v interiéru. Na základě detailního studia všech částí architektury, běžně nepřístupných polí triforia a klenby bylo možné načrtnout jednotlivé podíly obou mistrů na stavbě. Do jisté míry se podařilo to, o čem se skepsí v roce 1946 psal Bohuslav Kraus 1 : "Snad nové výzkumy zdiva a způsobu stavby, možné při restauracích, přesněji osvětlí, kde končí Hanuš a co je dílem Rejskovým. Dosavadní bádání neuspokojuje ".
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