|
Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and its standing in the basic school education
Kapounek, Filip ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Title: GREAT CORMORANT (Phalacrocorax carbo) AND ITS STANDING IN THE BASIC SCHOOL EDUCATION Abstract: Great Cormorant is currently one of the most controversial of bird species in our country. It is protected under Decree 395/1992 Coll., where he is listed among the severely threatened species. Previously it occurred only sporadically in this country, a greater increase in numbers occurred in the second half of last century. At that time the numbers of not-nesting birds in our country grew rapidly, mainly thanks to strict protection across Europe. Simultaneously with the rise in the numbers of this species experts began to highlight increasingly the harmful effects of this bird species for fishing economy and call for its regulation. For these reasons, our basic school pupils should be taught at least basic information about this new and exciting species of our nature. The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis, therefore, was to develop a comprehensive text containing zoological and ecological characteristics, history of Cormorant's presence here and its protection in the CR and to draw attention to its consequences and economic problems caused by Cormorants. This text could serve as background information for teachers from practice, which may be well provided in courses of continuing education for...
|
|
Využití raků jako bioindikátorů kvality vody
KUKLINA, Iryna
In recent decades, the ecological status of the freshwater crayfish has changed drastically from a sensitive indicator of an aquatic environment to a tolerant species that can survive in a wide range of unfavourable conditions. Despite all controversies on being or not being proper bioindicators, crayfish are a key species that plays a crucial role in the freshwater ecosystem. Regardless of whether certain crayfish possess a particular environmental sensitivity or not, all species can be used in biomonitoring investigations. The main objectives of the present thesis were development and implementation of system for continuous monitoring of water quality using crayfish as the bioindicator. Being less complex than vertebrates (e.g., fish), but being sufficiently complex compared to some other hard-shell freshwater invertebrates (e.g., mussels), crayfish present a useful biomonitoring object, which is easy to manipulate with, and which provides experimental data which is easy to obtain, analyse and interpret. The first part of this thesis is devoted to an evaluation of crayfish as suitable bioindicators. We showed that, when conducting the biomonitoring of metals in aquatic biota, crayfish have sufficient tissues for a bioaccumulation survey. For this purpose, we examined the gills, muscles and hepatopancreas. We confirmed that the hepatopancreas was the primary target for accumulation of most of the examined elements (i.e., cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc). For higher relevance, crayfish surveys were compared to fish samples collected from the same locations. The second part of this work particularly focused on water quality biomonitoring based on the evaluation of crayfish ethophysiological characteristics. We examined crayfish reactions to both chemical (i.e. chloramine, chlorides, nitrites) and natural odours (i.e., food, heterosexual conspecifics, predator, etc). This approach was shown to be simple yet at the same time, complex and efficient. Such monitoring technique is easily implemented and does not demand long, complicated analyses, since monitored parameters, locomotor and cardiac activity, are evaluated immediately in real time. However, one complication is related to the unpredictability of an animal's reactions. Because studied characteristics may often affect each other, they need to be carefully traced and interaction between measured characteristics needs to be eliminated. The usefulness of such biomonitoring is conditioned by a reliable combination of behaviour and physiology, which enables detection of complex animal responses to environmental changes. As reported in the third part, we submitted an application for a patent of the developed system, and described in the patent sensor will be protected as utility model. Moreover, other crustaceans with sufficient carapace size (e.g., shrimps, crabs, molluscs) can be successfully investigated using presented system. The only challenge is that living organism can clearly indicate disruption of ambient conditions, but cannot detect what it has caused. However, there are powerful analytical techniques now, developed exactly for accurate determination of various compounds. The heart rate is species- and conditions-specific, so it cannot be applied as unified measure for all crayfish species, while visual analysis of heartbeat primary curves can be useful for establishment of referent crayfish heart rate values at their different functional states. The final part of the thesis is devoted to this issue. In conclusion, the developed biomonitoring system was shown to be highly practical unit using noninvasive technique for investigation of crayfish reactions under model conditions, with the potential of further application at broader research and industrial arenas.
|
|
The Oppidum of České Lhotice and its hinterland
Danielisová, Alžběta ; Venclová, Natalie (advisor) ; Macháček, Jiří (referee) ; Čižmár, Miloš (referee)
The aim of the work is to attempt a new approach towards ones of the phenomena of the prehistoric archaeology: the late La Tne forified agglomerations - the oppida. Their economical potential was formerly tested only on the industrial or commerce base but not from the ecological point of view. Their agricultural potential has been challenged in many publications both for specific locations, that were not directly in the primary agricultural settlement zone (the fertile lowlands), and for the material collection which usually lacks the tools used for ploughing. However, the urban structure of the sites reveals the evidence of the traditional agricultural household units and together with the evidence of breeding the livestock the subsistence requirements should presuppose at least minimal human factor dedicated to agricultural work. Also the potential of the landscape possibly allows for cultivating of crops in the vicinity of sites. This work is aimed to analyze the agricultural potential of the oppida and by archaeological modelling to test both the hypotheses concerning the oppida subsistence strategies: if they were independent producers of their own foodstuff or if they were dependent on the supplying from their sites in their subordinate hinterland. The main object for this analysis is one particular...
|
|
Elumaja – obytný dům zítřka z Estonska
Novák, Petr
Myšlenky a principy výstavby domů v pasivním či nulovém standardu jsou dnes již rozšířené ve všech vyspělých státech. Estonská společnost ultraKUB OÜ, sídlící v hlavním městě Tallinnu, vyvinula inovativní modulový energeticky úsporný obytný dům Elumaja, který překonává standardy současného stavebnictví a organizace života obecně. Pokrokový koncept je založený na základním modulu 45 m2 ve standardu pasivního domu jehož skládáním a kombinováním lze vytvořit různé velikostní varianty domu, který je energeticky úsporný, mobilní, pohodlný a zdravý, a jehož ekologická stopa je velmi malá. S tímto projektem jsem se seznámil při přednášce autora projektu architekta Rene Valnera, která byla součástí letního kurzu ECObob (Ecological buildings), jehož jsem se účastnil na Technické univerzitě v Tallinnu. Osobně jsem si i prohlédl vzorový dům Elumaja 45 m2 postavený na náměstí Rotermanni, kde byl několik měsíců vystavený a přístupný veřejnosti.
|
|
Municipalities as recepients of subsidies granted by the programme "Development of rural space and landscape" in the period 2009 - 2012 - evaluation of the program in terms of biodiversity
MARKOVÁ CHOCHOLOVÁ, Jana
The master thesis evaluates the grant program ?Rural development and land, measure 1 Landscaping and supporting biodiversity?. Within this program were implemented actions that resulted in restoration and protection of biodiversity.20 municipalities were chosen and evaluated, that were supported by the grant program in South Bohemia Region in years 2009-2012. Evaluated municipalities belong in the category of small municipalities, except for 4 of them, that belong to the category of large municipalities (towns Sezimovo Ústí, Blatná, Netolice a Písek). The evaluation included the urban area and the rural area of the village. Using the questionnaire method, the aim was to determine, what is the status of municipalities in the grant program, i.e. whether the municipalities were capable of implementing actions within their budgets without the support of the grant, and also what actions the municipalities have to take in order to become successful applicants for the grant program. Next factor, which was compared and evaluated, was representation of ecologically stable and ecologically unstable habitats in the studied communities by using aerial photographs. Within the ecological survey, invasive species in villages were also mapped using field survey. Around less maintained watercourses were recorded only the most common invasive plant species in the Czech Republic as well as Heracleum mantegazzianum, which suggests that municipalities incorporate procedures suppressing invasive plant species in the primary care for landscape elements.
|
|
Phylogeography, taxonomy and systematics of selected members of the family Bosminidae
Faustová, Markéta
The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the general understanding and to fill some gaps in our knowledge of Eubosminas` biology, especially evolutionary biology, taxonomy and systematic, applying methods of molecular genetics. The main aim was to elucidate the origin of Eubosmina morphotypes, their taxonomic significance, and evolutionary meaning. To test possible European refugium or refugia for Eubosmina was the goal as well. For available paleolimnological record, occurrence in sympatry in relatively homogenous pelagial of freshwater bodies and mixed breeding system Eubosmina represents evolutionary system with unique and advantageous features. In spite of it, it stays in the background of modern research. It is through mainly in evolutionary, taxonomic, and systematic aspects. Although Eubosmina specimens are often mentioned in the paleolimnological or ecological studies their taxonomical system is based solely on morphological features that are plastic. The group itself, mainly European specimens, is known to exhibit enormous cyclomorphosis and local variance. That is why the system of Eubosmina differs according to the authors. Nearly each author came up with different system despite the same morphological characters have been used. Since no detail genetic study and complex morphometric...
|
| |
|
Hyoliths of the Barrandian area
Valent, Martin ; Fatka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Mergl, Michal (referee) ; Vašíček, Zdeněk (referee)
of Mgr. Martin Valent doctoral thesis Hyoliths of the Barrandian Area The submitted Ph.D. thesis summarizes recent information on comparatively poorly known group of invertebrates - the hyoliths. The first part of the thesis is composed by six main chapters focussed in detail on various aspects of hyoliths; major characteristics and ecology of hyoliths, progress in systematic of hyoliths, principles of hyolith classification, stratigraphical and palaeogeographical distribution of hyoliths, hyoliths within the Bohemian Massif and morphology of hyoliths. Up-to-date information has been included in all chapters. New data were published in five author's papers on hyolith colour patterns, systematics of hyoliths, pattern of palaeogeographic distribution and palaeoecologic interactions between hyoliths and various elements of the Cambrian invertebrate fauna. Short appendage consists of the Czech-English-Chinese terminological dictionary, simplifying study of Chinese literature.
|
| |
|
Analysis of normative instruments of regulation within ecological policy on the example of EU Directive on industrial emissions.
Turková, Andrea ; Geuss, Erik (advisor) ; Branžovský, Antonín (referee)
Within the frame of the ecological policy, there exists a number of instruments for a protection of environment and to solve problems related to it. Single types of instruments are established on diferent principles which leads to long-lasting arguments of economists on fitness or unfitness for purpose. At the application of administrative instruments of regulation, as it is described by neoclassical economy theory, a question arises, if this strict solution is effective and practical in light of meeting targets of the environmental policy. Arguments which hold the view that the EU Directive on industrial emissions in the metallurgy sector implementation, as an above mentioned administrative instrument, is effective and practical can be displaced in case of comparison with well set alternative instrument - marketable emission licences.
|
guest ::
