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Calcium and Calcitonin in the Treatment of Osteoporosis
Drdlová, Marcela ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee)
V. Závěr Hlavní náplň práce současných lékárníků tvoří výdejní činnost. Je nezbytné, aby si pacienti kromě léčivého přípravku odnášeli nejen dostatečné, odborné, srozumitelně podané informace o svém léku, ale také přesvědčení o možnosti úspěchu léčby a vlastní odhodlání léčit se. Aby farmaceuti pozitivně působili v tomto smyslu, je důležité, aby oni sami cítili určitou psychickou pohodu a pracovní spokojenost. Proto se tato diplomová práce zabývala faktory, které kladně i negativně ovlivňují práci lékárníků a farmaceutických laborantů. Podařilo se nám prokázat, že z hlediska uspokojení v práci a duševní rovnováhy jsou důležité zejména dobré vztahy na pracovišti i s pacienty, možnost pomoci jim v těžkých chvílích, které nemoc může přinést. Naopak psychické napětí a stres přináší konflikty na pracovišti a především s pacienty, velkým problémem je nedostatek času věnovat se důsledně jednotlivým pacientům a dalším činnostem. Podnětné by mohly být závěry vyplývající z hodnocení připravenosti absolventů farmacie pro výkon povolání. Velký počet lékárníků oceňuje dobré teoretické znalosti, z nichž některé jsou ovšem pro praxi nepoužitelné. Naopak vidí nedostatky v praktické přípravě, která by měla být více zaměřena na konkrétní situace a problémy v lékárně, čímž by se usnadnil nástup čerstvých absolventů do...
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Tamoxifen, present and future
Vrba, Jiří ; Bendová, Marie (advisor)
Objective of the study This study deals with contemporary (year 2005) role of tamoxifen in the breast cancer hormonal therapy, in the medical environment of Czech Republic. The aim of this study is to evaluate, whether the tamoxifen treatment is sufficient, in case we have opportunity to use more convenient drugs (aromatase inhibitors and pure anti-estrogens). Project I have analysed the tamoxifen treatment of patients, suffering from breast cancer (with diagnosis C50), registered in FNKV oncology clinic registry (Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady) in the year 1998, 1999 and 2000. Patients I observed 736 patients with diagnosis C50. Out of these patients, I finally selected and further analysed group of 243 patients that corresponded with the given conditions of this study. Most important observed parameters and results One of the main goals was to determine the share of patients, which were being treated with tamoxifen for the whole period of 5 years without any serious complications. This share was 45,7% of 243 patients. Further I observed the patients, whose tamoxifen based therapy was further replaced by, so called, modern drugs treatment; like inhibitors of aromatase and pure anti-estrogens. The reasons for this change were serious side effects of tamoxifen or the progression of the disease. These...
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Effect of long-term application of morphine on opioid receptors in rat brain cortex
Jeřábková, Kateřina ; Hejnová, Lucie (advisor) ; Roubalová, Lenka (referee)
-5- ABSTRACT A huge effort has been put in determining the mechanism of the development of tolerance and dependence in context of clinical use of morphine for treatment of severe pain. Understanding of this mechanism would help to design new and more efficient pharmaceuticals. This diploma paper discus the opiate receptors with a special focus on long-term effect of chronic morphine treatment, which was determined using a radioligand binding assays with a non-selective antagonist [3 H]Diprenorphine. One of the goals of this work was to create and optimise a method for preparation of pure plasma membranes from rat cortex using percoll gradient. There were five groups, which differed in the length of morphine treatment: ten days (M-10), twenty-eight days (M-28), ten days with seven days of regression (RM-10 twenty-eight days with seven days of regression (RM-28) and a control group (K). The loss of total opioid receptor number was noticeable after ten days and grew slightly during continuous morphine treatment and kept lowering in the period of regression. The total loss was approximately 30% of the control binding. The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd), thus the affinity of [3 H]Diprenorphine wasn't significantly different among the groups. Morphine acts through µ-opioid receptor, that's why there was a...
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Measurements of permeability of dialysis membranes
Veselá, Martina ; Jiřík, Radovan (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
Familiarization with dialysis theoretical principles and determination of dialysis membrane permeability with the help of experimentally assembled apparatus is the aim of this bachelor thesis. The introduction part deals with basic knowledge concerning treatment with dialysis and its current quality. There continues a chapter stating an overview of dialysis membranes different types and main characteristics of individual materials, which the membranes were made of and which they are produced now. Theoretical preparation for the practical part of the thesis clarifies the basic notions, principals and processes connected with the mass transfer through dialysis membranes and dialysis. Further on, theoretical process is described and phrased how to determine dialysis membranes permeability in a laboratory scale in an experimental way. Two possible configurations of experimental apparatus are illustrated with block schemes working either in a non-stationary or a stationary regime of measurement. The basis to determine membrane permeability is sampling in specified time intervals from blood and dialyze side and spectrophotometric detection of samples concentration. The practical part itself is preceded with the process with collected samples analysis. Then, it is followed with relations derivation for mass transfer coefficient calculation. Concentration progress on blood and dialyze side with non-stationary way of measurement is modelled in Simulink programme. The practical part of the thesis uses the mentioned above theoretical knowledge and assumptions and it realises concrete measurements in non-stationary regime. Evaluating part of the thesis documents the obtained results and assesses them with the help of derived equations. The whole process of measurement including obtained results is evaluated and discussed in the final part.
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Internetový marketing
Mixánek, Lukáš ; Kubešová, Vlasta (advisor) ; Stříteský, Václav (referee)
Práce charakterizuje jednotlivé složky internetového marketingu (služby internetu, rozbor a analýza webových stránek z pohledu marketingu, marketingový mix na internetu, reklama na internetu a marketing ve vyhledávacích strojích), přičemž nezbytný teoretický základ autor doplňuje o analytický nadhled ? jehož výsledkem je několik teoretických přístupů a analýz, především v kapitole věnované marketingu ve vyhledávačích. Základem této analytiky je kromě teoretických znalostí, rovněž značné množství praktických znalostí, které autor získal na základě reálně provedené internetové kampaně. Zaznamenání průběhu a výsledků této kampaně je jedním z cílů práce. Získaná data, statistiky a vynucené změny v průběhu kampaně vedou k celé řadě informačně hodnotných postřehů a doporučení především z oblasti marketingu ve vyhledávačích. Přílohou práce je kompletní popis a charakteristika všech, pro český trh důležitých, systémů využívající PPC kontextové reklamy.
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Intervention on ileocecal valve in relation to incontinence of heterotopic dermal urinary reservoirs
Hrbáček, Jan ; Záleský, Miroslav (advisor)
The increasing incidence of Bladder carcinomas (Babjuk, 1998) (Table 1, Figure 1), which is reflected in the number of cystectomy performed, leads and an increase in the number of derivation operations with the creation of spare both orthotopic urinary reservoirs and heterotopic. Among the most commonly used modality second group includes the Indiana pouch put into practice in 1987 Rowland. One of the major problems facing not only this type of reservoir, the risk of incontinence. Incontinence mechanism provided by that method derivative especially ileocecal valve. The aim of this study is to verify the possibility of affecting the ileocecal valve agonist midodrine as possible incontinence treatment reservoir. 5 Figure 1: Long-term development of neoplasms of the urinary bladder with us and the world; conversion to 100 thousand. pop. (1975-2003). Source: ÚZIS, 2006. Table 1: Incidence of tumors of the bladder in us and the world. Source: Babjuk, 1998; ÚZIS, 2006. Year 1980 1993 2003 Males 13.9 23.5 33.1 Women 4.2 6.7 10.7 Total 18.1 30.2 43.8 The incidence of bladder tumors in CR (CSSR) to 100 thousand. pop. 0 10 20 30 40 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 year number of cases per 100 thousand. pop. Czech Republic (CSSR) World ; 1.1 Basic facts about urinary derivation The most common indication for cystectomy...
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Incidence and prevalence of a disease in a district hospital over 3 years.
Matoušů, Barbora ; Střítecký, Rudolf (advisor) ; Lešetický, Ondřej (referee)
Branches of science such as epidemiology, clinical epidemiology, statistics and various statistical methods are by ground for activity of epidemiological-manager indicators. Incidence and prevalence are numbered among epidemiological-manager indicators. In condition of hospital Pelhřimov are these indicators written, analyzed and predicated for department of hospitalized in years 2005 -- 2007. At the same time is appraised use of capacities department of hospitalized, is made analyse and estimation of most often treated diagnosis and is watched progress their average time of treatment. The watching indicators are by one of series others records for manager decision-making by control of hospital.
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Interactions of selected antiepileptic drugs with MRP2 transporter
Garajová, Katarína ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Červený, Lukáš (referee)
Interaction of the MRP2 transporter with selected anti-epileptic drugs Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting approximately 1-2% of the population. In most of the patiens with epilepsy, seizures are well-controlled with currently available anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). It is estimated that 30% of the patients fail to achieve seizure termination despite carefully optimized drug treatment. Most of these patients with refractory epilepsy are resistant to several AEDs with different mechanisms of action, which suggests that resistance in epilepsy is a multifactorial and drug-nonspecific phenomenon. Based on experimental and clinical studies, two major theories have been put forward to explain the development of pharmacoresistance in epilepsy. The target hypothesis holds that changes in properties of drug targets for AEDs may result into their reduced drug sensitivity. The transporter hypothesis contends that the over-expression of efflux multidrug-transporters in the brain leads to impaired access of AEDs to their targets. The largest and the most important family of multidrug-transporters expressed in the brain, is the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter family. One of the transporters in this family, recently under study, is the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). The MRP2...
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The use of manipulation treatment as a method of reflex therapy in therapeutical practice.
BRANDTNEROVÁ, Michala
This bachelor thesis is focused on the use of manipulation treatment and veryfying its influence in therapeutical practice. This is a treatment in which momentum of peripheral joints and spine is restored into the correct position via a manual technique. This therapy is also used in disorders of musculoskeletal function, whether it is a blockade of peripheral jonits or blockade of the spine. In the beginning of the theoretical part the thesis focuses on history of this treatment, stresses the importance of expert knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the musculoskeletal system. It deals with the causes, treatment and prevention of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The practical part of the thesis validates the use and results of this therapy in therapeutical practice using questionnaires and observation. It also includes a CD containing simple instructions for some automobilization excercises in which one can tackle with some movement disorders on his own.
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Textural Analysis of Nerve Fibre Layer in Retinal Images
Novotný, Adam ; Jan, Jiří (referee) ; Odstrčilík, Jan (advisor)
This work describes completely new approach to detection of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) loss in colour fundus images. Such RNFL losses indicate eye glaucoma illness and an early diagnosis of RNFL changes is very important for successful treatment. Method is presented with the purpose of supporting glaucoma diagnosis in ophthalmology. The proposed textural analysis method utilizes local binary patterns (LBP). This approach is characterized especially by computational simplicity and insensitivity to monotonic changes of illumination. Image histograms of LBP distributions are used to gain several textural features aimed to classify healthy or glaucomatous tissue of the retina. The method was experimentally tested using fundus images of glaucomatous patients with focal RNFL loss. The results show that the proposed method can be used in order to supporting diagnosis of glaucoma with satisfactory efficiency.
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