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Molecular phylogeny and evolutionary trends in Hieracium (Asteraceae, Lactuceae)
Krak, Karol ; Fehrer, Judith (advisor) ; Zozomová, Judita (referee) ; Nieto Feliner, Gonzalo (referee)
The hawkweed subgenus Hieracium s. str. is notoriously known for its extreme morphological variability and variation in ploidy levels that is associated with differences in modes of reproduction. Extensive past hybridization is supposed for the subgenus, but recent hybridization was evidenced only in few cases. The subgenus attracts the attention of botanists already for more than a century. Therefore the species diversity is largely examined and the taxonomy of the subgenus is well elaborated, although several contradictory taxonomic concepts exist. However the relationships among the species are unknown and haven't been studied yet. The investigation of these relationships from a phylogenetic perspective using molecular approaches was the main aim of the presented thesis. Basic species (both diploid and polyploid), representing morphologically unique taxa, that are supposed to be the basic evolutionary units of the subgenus were studied. The sequences of two intergenic spacers of the cpDNA (trnT-trnL and trnV-ndhC) and the external transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA ETS) were analyzed. Moreover, three new low-copy nuclear markers with higher variability than nrDNA and cpDNA markers were developed and their suitability for phylogenetic studies in Hieracium s. str. was...
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Microscopy of Liquiritiae radix of different origin.
Otisková, Alena ; Dušková, Jiřina (referee) ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor)
One of the most widely known species of the genus Glycyrrhiza (Fabaceae) is without doubt Glycyrrhiza glabra. In the Czech Pharmacopoeia 2009 is the drug Liquiritiae radix defined as dried, unpeeled or peeled, whole or cut root and stolons of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and/or Glycyrrhiza inflata BAT. and/or Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISH. This thesis summarises the latest information about chemical compounds, pharmacological activity and use of some species of the genus Glycrrhiza and focuses on microscopic characterization of the roots and stolons of G. pallidiflora, G. echinata and G. uralensis. There is a description of anatomy of the underground organs in transection, a description of microscopic elements of powdered drugs, a comparison of the amount of clusters of sclerenchymatic fibres, calcium oxalate crystals and of the size of sclerenchymatic fibres, clusters of sclerenchymatic fibres, calcium oxalate crystals and vessels among these three species. The microscopic description is attended by microphotos. By the comparision of the anatomical structure of roots and stolons in transection among the observed species, some differences were found in the size ratio of bark and wood, in the size and location of clusters of sclerenchymatic fibres, in the amount of calcium oxalate crystals, in the location of...
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Comparison of methodics for information processes management with emphasis on ITIL
Žižka, Petr ; Voříšek, Jiří (advisor) ; Janeček, Tomáš (referee)
The subject of this thesis is a detailed description of the methodics and the sets of best practices for the information processes management and informatics as such, and their comparison as far as history, content, specialization and structure are concerned. The thesis mainly concentrates on a set of the best practices called Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL). Furthermore, the relations between individual methods and between ITIL V2 and V3 are described. In addition, attention is also paid to the possibilities of utilizing these methods in order to attain maximal synergetic effect. The first chapter deals with ITIL. It describes the history of the second version in particular. A separate chapter is devoted to showing the differences between v2 and v3 and mapping of the processes from the second version to the third. This chapter also provides the basic principles of ITIL v3 and a detailed description of individual publications and main processes. The next part deals with ČSN/ISO 20 000, Cobit and ITGPM. A description, advantages of its implementation and the relation to ITIL is provided for each of these documents. Furthermore, the way to obtain the ČNS/ISO 20 000 certification is also described. In the following section, ITIL, Cobit and ČSN/ISO 20 000 are compared in detail. The criteria for the comparison are: type, subject, size of the organization, sector, availability, organization certification, individuals certifications, linkage to other methods, extent, concept of the life cycle, processes description, weak and strong spots. The practical part of the thesis deals particularly with the service catalogue optimalization and creation of the SLA prototype for the IT department of radio Free Europe. The practical part is the biggest contribution of this thesis.
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Classification of Services in Cloud Computing
Osecký, Michal ; Burkoň, Lukáš (advisor) ; Feuerlicht, Jiří (referee)
From the fact that there are different approaches to the definition of the term cloud computing follows that the approaches to the description of its inner organization also vary. In the next part, the thesis looks into these approaches and briefly compares them. It further describes the economical model of this way of providing IT services, which is a result of the approach developed within the technological and economical Software-as-a-Service model. Attention is paid to the basic technological questions of cloud computing, i.e. mainly to the design of services, management of databases, data safety and scaling of the computing resources. The final analysis of services provided within cloud computing is first done vertically, i.e. it is a comparison of the different types of services relating to the individual layers of the technological model, starting with the provision of hardware and computing services, over platform services to the Software-as-a-Service layer of the model. Subsequently, a comparison of services of several big players is made in the individual layers, i.e. horizontally. The thesis focuses on the on-demand way of providing IT services, currently known as cloud computing. Attention is paid specifically to the organization and interoperability of the provided IT services within cloud computing, as understood today by the expert public and commercial sphere. First the thesis deals with various possible definitions of the term cloud computing, it summarizes these approaches and attempts to outline the term and its determining attributes. This outline is then followed by describing the historical development of the distributed applications and older models of providing ICT services, from which cloud computing originates. The goal of the thesis is to describe the issue of classification of services in cloud computing and make the above-mentioned comparisons in an clear way and based on suitable metric. As a conclusion, the author presents his view on the future of the cloud computing and sums up the whole thesis.
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Covariance extension of Chain-ladder method
Žváčková, Lenka ; Marek, Luboš (advisor) ; Hasil, Jakub (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with technical reserves in non-life insurance, in particular with provisions for future claim payments for damages that have occurred, but has not yet been reported to the insurance company. This type of provision is known by the acronym IBNR. After the introductory section containing a general introduction to the issue of claims reserving in non-life insurance different approaches to modeling of IBNR reserves are briefly presented. Subsequently, full attention is given to Chain-ladder method, which is most frequently used in the actuarial practise for the purpose of claims reserving. This method is then presented progressively from its simplest form of a simple computing algorithm followed by Mack's stochastic model to the last theoretical part of this part describing extended form of Chain-ladder method with relations between different groups of insurance portfolio included. In the very last section, all the lessons are demonstrated on real data to give readers an idea of how the process of claims reserving works is in the common actuarial practice.
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The influence of caches on the efficiency of sorting
Hrdina, Karol ; Yaghob, Jakub (referee) ; Koubková, Alena (advisor)
Classical algorithms for sorting in internal memory were designed with an assumption, that the memory is homogenous. But modern computers have hierarchically structured memory with various speeds of it's layers. Execution time of algortihm is dependant not only on operation count, but also on count of transfers between memory layers. Therefore internal algorithms are having some characteristics of external algorithms. In this paper we set our goal to summarize some existing approaches to this problem and summarize known optimalizations of internal sorting algorithms. Our main goal however is to impelent chosen algorithms and measure their performance experimentally.
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Lipid Binders of Art Works and Their Degradation
Pekař, Martin ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Coufal, Pavel (referee)
This thesis deals with the identification of lipid components of a work of art with a particular focus on oil painting. After a short summary of the history of oil painting, the thesis deals with individual layers of painting, first in terms of individual components known films and their chemistry. In the section devoted exclusively oilpainting is a brief overview of the oils, their chemical changes during drying and consequently undesirble chemical changes. In the experimental part, the thesis deal with the analysis of oils, especially ratios of fatty acids discovered by GC-MS with resaults of these oils obtained by HPLC and from literature.
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Samozsi's Rehabilitation Singing Method
Tomanová, Bronislava ; Tichá, Alena (advisor) ; Blecha, Zbyněk (referee)
The main goal of this thesis is the description of rehabilitation voice method of Lajos Szamosi, which is not well-known and which is worth getting acquainted with. I described it on the basis of my own observation of the teacher's lessons, and I discussed it with them. As documentation I apply DVD records of individual lessons with different teachers to see their own way o f using Szamosi's rehabilitation voice method. I also apply records of voice development of one student. This thesis also contains basic information about individual teachers which use this method, and two stories of students whose voices were rehabilitated by this method. The first part of this thesis is about voice disorders and defects. For making professional description a long term observation of selected students, recording of their voice development, documentation of their voice problems and rehabilitation process would be necessary. Also cooperation with phoniatricians would be very useful. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Methodology of Testing Web Applications
Šplíchalová, Marcela ; Buchalcevová, Alena (advisor) ; Hostomský, Stanislav (referee)
The principle aim of this thesis is to create an unified methodical framework for a smaller Software Testing Department. Furthermore, its aim is to define and describe an important element of testing - the software mistake, define the way of its reporting and finally with the view of it to specify the troubleshooting areas of web applications. The last aim is to find a solution of how to publish this methodology. The aims of this thesis were reached by studying available theoretical findings and applications of principles that are known from notorious and approved methodologies which complexly focus on the software development. These principles were confronted with author's practical experience. Based on these processes, the methodology described above has been originated The contribution of the thesis is in the inner structure of the methodology, summarization of the most important information, application of practical personal experiences and adapting some elements of the methodology according to its usage in a small team. Other strong points are the proposals and recommendations of how to improve the situation on the testing department of a particular company, how to publish the methodology and how to maintain it in the future. The thesis is composed of three main parts. In the first chapter, the essential characteristics of testing, models of the life cycle of software development, sorts and levels of tests are given. The second chapter is the crucial part of the thesis. It describes the whole methodology - the main workflow and its details (processes), activities made during these processes, roles occurring in the methodology and the description of its responsibility (for activities and artefacts), artefacts made on the testing department, full description of mistake and its reporting and finally the summary of mistakes appearing in the web applications environment. The last chapter attends to the way of putting the methodology into operation - technical coverage of particular parts of the methodology in the present time, suggestion of improvement the testing in the future and possibilities of the publication of the methodology.
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Mixing cards and convergence of Markov chains
Drašnar, Jan ; Prokešová, Michaela (advisor) ; Beneš, Viktor (referee)
This thesis presents mixing of a deck of cards as a random walk on the group of permutations. Perfectly shuffled deck of cards is defined as uniform distribution on this group. For analysis of the distance between the uniform distribution and the current distribution of the Markov chain generated by the shuffling quite general methods are used that can be applied to many other problems - i.e. strong stacionary time, coupling and transformation to an inverse distribution. In the last chapter the riffle shuffle is studied and a rather well-known fact is proved that seven or eight shuffles should be enough to shuffle a deck of 52 cards.
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