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Possibilities of pesticide degradation by titanium dioxide
Píšťková, Veronika ; Veselý, Michal (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor´s thesis is a selection of pesticides, which could be degradated using titanium dioxide. The first part of the paper deals with general pesticide characteristics, subdivision of pesticides, mode of action on target agents and transformations of pesticides within the environment – the metabolic and the non-metabolic tranformation. The second part of the paper deals with heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductor TiO2, which is activated by ultraviolet or solar radiation. Using this method pesticides could be transformed even into carbon dioxide, water and inorganic mineral salts. Furthermore, there are mentioned the factors, which affect degradation rate, analytical methods to determine kinetics of degradation and methods for monitoring transients and end products. By each group of pesticides there are stated the representatives from this group, which have been used for investigation of degradation methods. Furthermore are mentioned decomposition mechanisms of reaction and the intermediate products formed during the photocatalysis process.
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The significance of female characters in Joseph Conrad"s novels Chance, Victory and The Rescue
Shumyk, Ganna ; Beran, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Quinn, Justin (referee)
The main purpose of the present work is to analyse the role of female characters in Joseph Conrad's writing and consequently to challenge his conventional image of a misogynistic writer. Three novels of his late period are chosen for close reading and detailed examination: Chance, Victory and The Rescue. All the three novels belong to the late period of Conrad's literary career which has produced a contradictory critical reaction among Conradian scholars. According to some critics this period shows signs of decline of Conrad's genius. Others, however, observe the woman's question as a new concern of the writer. Thus, the second chapter of the thesis summarizes critical approaches to women in Conrad's late novels. It illustrates the way they have developed and transformed from the beginning of the twentieth century to the first decade of the twenty first century. The rest of the work is divided into three sections, each focusing on the analysis of one individual novel and its main female character. Each novel is considered separately in terms of its form and structure in order to demonstrate the way Conrad experiments with the genre of romance and other related forms. Consequently, we prove that he creates a parody of the genre and its effects. With the intention of determining the significance of...
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Preparation of alfa(1-4)-linked disaccharides containing D-glukosamine units
Škríba, Anton ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Jindřich, Jindřich (referee)
Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is a preparation of disaccharide composed from two glucosamine units with 1,2-cis-(1→4)-O-glycosidic bond with the attached linker on reducing end, containing an azide functional group. The first part is focused on synthesis of glycosyl acceptor and glycosyl donor, derived from D-glucosamine, suitable for the construction of 1,2-cis-(1→4)-O-glycosidic linkage. The second part of this work describes the optimization of the glycosylation reaction conditions and also subsequent transformation of disaccharide GlcNAc-α-(1→4)-GlcNAc skeleton.
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Synthesis of novel cytostatic deazapurine nucleosides and pronucleotides
Perlíková, Pavla ; Hocek, Michal (advisor) ; Jindřich, Jindřich (referee) ; Hlaváč, Jan (referee)
The synthetic routes to three types of phosphate prodrugs of 6-hetaryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides based on palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have been developed. CycloSal- and phosphoramidate pronucleotides and octadecyl phosphates derived from 6- hetaryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides were screened for their in vitro cytostatic activity. It was shown that cytostatic activity of cycloSal phosphates was similar or slightly lower compared to the parent nucleosides. Significant drop of cytostatic activity was observed in phosphoramidate pronucleotides. Octadecyl phosphates were devoid of any cytostatic activity. 6-Hetaryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides with bulky groups in position 6 showed very strong and selective inhibition of adenosine kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2'-Modified 6-hetaryl-7-deazapurine nucleosides: 2'-O-methylribonucleosides, arabinonucleosides and 2'- deoxy-2'-fluororibonucleosides, were prepared by multistep functional group transformations from a ribonucleoside. The synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-erythro-pentofuranosyl nucleosides was based on a glycosylation of 6-chloro-7-deazapurine with a sugar synthon followed by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and deprotection. Despite the low yields and laborious separation of the anomers,...
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Cloning, expression and purification of human AKR1C3
Dudová, Radka ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Novotná, Eva (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Dudová Radka Supervisor: Prof. Ing. Vladimír Wsól, Ph.D Title of diploma thesis: Cloning, expression and purification of human AKR1C3 The purification of the vector pOTB7 containing the coding sequence ( CDS ) of aldo-keto reductase 1C3 ( AKR1C3 ) in Escherichia coli ( E.coli ) cells was performed by an alkaline lysis method. The coding sequence was then amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Result accuracy of the demonstrated step was shown by verification of the size of the synthesized fragment and by a restrictive analysis with the restriction endonuclease PvuII. In the second step, the coding sequence was ligated into the Topo 2.1 vector which was transformed into competent E. coli cells. The cells were multiplied and Topo 2.1 vector with the inserted code sequence was obtained by the alkaline lysis method. The result was verified by comparing of the size of the Topo 2.1 vector without inserted CDS and the vector Topo 2.1 with the CDS on an agarose gel and the subsequent restrictive analysis with the restriction endonuclease HindIII. The coding sequence was verified by the sequenation. There was also carried out the subcloning of the CDS from the Topo 2.1 vector into the express...
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Transformations of the Gothic in Victorian Ghost Stories
Bambušková, Tereza ; Wallace, Clare (advisor) ; Beran, Zdeněk (referee)
Thesis abstract This thesis will focus on the ways in which the transformations in nineteenth-century Gothic stories mirror the gradual changes in the Victorian society's notions about perception and about the metaphysical. The nineteenth century marks a time when advances in science made it clear that not seeing something does not mean that it does not exist, and when psychologists made it clear that seeing something does not necessarily mean it does exist. Moreover, the nineteenth century was a time when religious notions that were previously accepted without question started to be doubted. When people lost their faith in the unseen and at the same time became aware that their eyes are not sufficient to see everything and that their mind may play tricks on them, the notion of reality was increasingly problematized, which is made especially clear in the genre of the Gothic. It could be argued that while the basic tropes of the Gothic remain more or less the same; however, the way they are used, the reactions of the protagonists as well as the general outlook of the story are problematized by newly introduced ideas about vision and human mind. It could be said that in many cases there is no longer a clear boundary between the protagonist and the 'other' of the story, which can often be interpreted as an...
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Investigation of sugar modified pyrimidine nucleosides as potential inhibitors of Thymidine (TP) and Uridine (UP) phosphorylasis
Růžičková, Markéta ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Boušová, Iva (referee)
1 Abstract of the thesis RŮŽIČKOVÁ M.; INVESTIGATION OF SUGAR MODIFIED PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOSIDES AS POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF THYMIDINE (TP) AND URIDINE (UP) PHOSPHORYLASE Key words: uridine phosphorylase, thymidine phosphorylase, nucleoside, inhibitor, anticancer chemotherapy, substrate specifity The work deals with the investigation of novel potential inhibitors of recombinant thymidine and uridine phosphorylases from E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The main goals of this study are the determination of kinetic parameters for natural substrates (thymidine and uridine) for recombinant TP and UP, assessment of the role of phosphate anion in the enzymatic transformations and search for new inhibitors of TP and UP. Study of UP and TP substrate specifity and activity under the various reaction conditions is desired to obtain better view to their functions and to design novel structures of potencial inhibitors. The determination of the Michaelis constant KM and reaction rate Vmax was performed at the spectrophotometer Varian Cary-300 Bio. The representation of obtained kinetic data we used the Lineweawer-Burk plot. The next point of my work was the determination of the enzymatic activity and their substrate specifity for some pyrimidine analogues by HPLC analysis of reaction mixtures. Tested compounds...
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Integration of hearing person into the deaf community
JANEČKOVÁ, Lenka
This diploma thesis is dedicated to the overall view of the deaf people, starting from the issue of an ear and ending by the culture of this community. The main objective of this thesis is to describe the integration of the hearing individual into the deaf community and to explore attitudes and reactions of this community to the hearing and vice versa. The work also contains interviews with both integrated person as well as with deaf people who were involved within the integration. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The introduction of the theoretical part is engaged in the hearing itself, the construction of the ear, neurotransmission and hearing disorders. Following section is devoted to institutions and organizations that are focused on the issue of deaf people. Conclusion of the theoretical part is dedicated to the culture of deaf people and their communication. In the research section are described difficulties, feelings, attitudes and opinions of a hearing individual, who has entered into the deaf community. After a lapse of time, that the individual spent among deaf people, is apparent a shift and development in his opinion, growing interest and gradual transformation of reasons why he is trying to integrate into the community of deaf people. In the thesis is also described the attitude and approach of deaf people to the hearing individual, who penetrated to this community and had no knowledge how to communicate with deaf people and what are their characteristics and differences.
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Synthesis of Pyridazines by Ring Transformation Reaction
Budilová, Hana ; Pour, Milan (referee) ; Klimešová, Věra (advisor)
Charles University in Prague The Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové The Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Candidate: Hana Budilová Supervisors: Doc. RNDr. Věra Klimešová, CSc. Prof. Dr. Rainer Beckert Title of Diploma Thesis: Synthesis of Pyridazines by Ring Transformation Reaction Pyridazines are heterocyclic compounds with two adjacent nitrogen atoms. There are a lot of synthetic approaches to get pyridazine. A number of specific transformations from other heterocyclic systems have been reported. This thesis deals with the synthesis of pyridazines by transformation of a four-membered heterocycle. Some new derivatives of 1-methyl-3-(4-tolylamino)-4-(4-tolylimino)-6-(4'- substituted-phenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridazines were synthesized by a ring transformation of four- membered 2 -1,2-diazetine. This compound was obtained by a cycloacylation reaction of methylhydrazine and bis-oxalimidoyl chloride. NMR and mass spectrometry confirmed structures of prepared compounds. 1-Methyl-3-(4-tolylamino)-4-(4-tolylimino)-6-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridazine had been previously proven to possess antimycobacterial activity. The new derivatives were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis My 331/88, M. avium My 330/88, M. kansasii My 235/80 and M. kansasii 6 509/96. MIC values of these compounds range...
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Reaction to errors and alerts in ETL
Klimt, Roman ; Pour, Jan (advisor) ; Zajíc, Ján (referee)
This work deals with information systems called Business Intelligence (BI). Especially, it focuses on one part, whose task is to extract data from primary information systems. This stage is known as extract, transform, load (ETL). ETL is one of the most important stage in BI solutions because the quality of data depends on this stage. These data are used for all analyses and created reports. The goal of this work is to suggest solution for active projects, which are short of automated controlling mechanism. This mechanism should inform users of BI solutions about errors in data. If data from primary systems are in such bad state that ETL process is not able to match primary keys to them, the data are stored in special tables and are not used for future analyses. This is a very serious problem because analyses and reports based on the data may be misrepresentative. This problem must be solved by repairing the data in primary information systems. The administrator of primary information system has to know about the incorrect so that the data could be repaired. Therefore, an automated e-mailing system has been designed to inform about the incorrect data.
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