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Verify the effectiveness of Ladislav Daniel's "Bridge Book for 2nd primary school" in practise
Herdegenová, Marta ; Váňová, Hana (advisor) ; Veverková, Jana (referee)
Author abstract In my thesis I pursued verify the effectiveness of Ladislav Daniel's "Bridge book for 2nd Primary School" in practise. This textbook had the task to compare the dificiencies and gaps in the music skills of students 2nd Primary School, which become from the music lessons at 1st Primary school. I realized my exploration in the 6th classes of one Prague school, where I have been this year teach music. The status of the music skills induced me to try Daniel's "Bridge book for 2nd Primary School" and return the music lessons between "living subject". Before my exploration I had to realized the initial review in the experimental group and in the control group too, read up Daniel's methodology of music education, textbooks with its methodological guide and analyzed Bridge book for 2nd Primary School with its methodological guide. Pursuant these books I worked out the studing plan of each lesson with methodological steps. At the beginning of the experimental teaching students accesed the lessons very critical. But in a short time they became very active. They carried away new skills and knowledge from each lesson, which they could used and repeat in the next lesson and learn some new. They accept the Bridge book and work with it. After five months of teaching with Daniel's Bridge book I can say,...
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Song divergence of Philippine bulbuls (Pycnonotidae) on islands
Rulfová, Alena ; Policht, Richard (advisor) ; Turčoková, Lucia (referee)
Bulbuls (Pycnonotidae) are a biologically diverse group of songbirds that produce a variety of vocalisations. Their songs are very audible, yet the vocal behaviour of the majority of bulbul species has not been formally described or subject to bioacoustical study. The Philippine bulbul (Ixos philippinus) is a sedentary and endemic species of the Philippine archipelago. This thesis presents the first detailed descriptions of its song. The songs were recorded on five islands locations that covered eight different habitats. Nine song features of these species were compared, in order to understand song variations between different islands. In searching for correlations, habitat types and geographical distances between the islands were also measured. The songs of the species found on five islands were readily split up into three groups based on end frequency, syllable number and song duration. The correlations possibly relate to a late Pleistocene connection between the islands and colonization routes of the species. It was found that song frequency parameters in bulbul species is primarily affected by habitat, whilst the effect of current distances between islands was shown to be weak.
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Cultish music and chant in Ancient Egypt
Špátová, Ingrid ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (referee)
7 Summary Kultická hudba a zpěv ve starém Egyptě Cultish music and chant in Ancient Egypt Ingrid Špátová, DiS. Music, although this term didn't exist in Ancient Egypt, has played a very importatnt role in the common and cultish Egyptian life. How Egyptian music sounded, can be just guessed, but some characteristics have been preserved on Coptic church. Egyptians probably used the pentatonic scale. Their musical tuning and performance had to observe strict rules to keep order of maat. One of the most important sphere of Egyptian cult have been funerary rituals, including processions with music and lamentations. A fundamental significance in funerary and temple cult have had women musicians, especially priestesses and chantresses of Hathor shemayet. They served to numerous deities, male and female, and they belonged to high- ranking families or to families of the high priests. There were several deities directly connected with music. Gods with the closest connections to musicians and deities with musical attributes were for example Hathor (lately unified with Isis), Usir, Bes, Meret, Hathor's son Ihy, Thovt, Bastet or Ptah. Temple musicians made offering and performances to deities about three or four times a day. Ancient musical instruments can be sorted to four groups: idiophones (musical instruments making...
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Mechanisms enabling individual recognition of passerine birds
Caha, Ondřej ; Petrusková, Tereza (advisor) ; Vokurková, Jana (referee)
Vocalization allows birds to communicate over long distances or in environments, where can be difficult to detect visual signals. Vocalization can be divided into songs and calls. Song may inform a listener of signal about species, sex, male quality, aggressive motivation and also about singer's identity. Recognition of different individuals is very valuable ability that is commonly used during territorial interactions among males. Correct identification of males, that pose different threat, enable to respond adequately to the situation and save energy or to avoid injury in potential conflict. The ability of individual distinguishing based on song was demonstrated by using playback experiments for many passerines, but it was rarely revealed the way of such identification. This review deals with the issue of neighbour-stranger experiments that confirm the ability of passerines to discriminate between neighbours and strangers. Further, it focus on structures or characteristics of birdsong enabling individual recognition of passerines and their possibly use for individual acoustic monitoring.
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Orff-Schulwerk Approach to Folk Songs for Elementary School Education
Nováková, Monika ; Bělohlávková, Petra (advisor) ; Kopřivová, Jitka (referee)
Diploma thesis Orff-Schulwerk Approach to Folk Songs for Elementary School Education consists of two parts: theory and practice. The first theoretical describes the basic Orff-Schulwerk thesis for education at the elementary schools in the lessons of Music or in the preparatory units of children choirs. Author introduces Carl Orff biography, circumstances of Orff-Schulwerk creation and its characteristics which is compared to the psychological theories, mainly with the flow phenomenon. The thesis covers the implementation of the Orff-Schulwerk approach to the Czech Framework Education Programme. Author compares studies describing the results of Orff-Schulwerk method in comparison to other methods. The research has not confirmed the thesis, that Orff-Schulwerk has better results in the music education field. The abroad studies confirmed, that Orff-Shulwerk approach is suitable for working with children with special educational needs. On the basis of the sources and literature, the author assumes that Orff-Schulwerk can lead to more intense interest in music and culture itself. Furthermore, the author enriches Orff's approach by ideas and approaches of two known pedagogues and composers: Zontán Kodály and Émile Jaques-Dalcroze. The diploma thesis covers their curriculum and those pedagogical...
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Czech advent masses and their place in the liturgy of Advent
Benda, Václav ; Kotas, Jan (advisor) ; Tichý, Radek (referee)
Czech advent mass and their place in the liturgy of Advent This thesis deals with the phenomenon of Czech advent mass and their place in the liturgy of Advent. It represents the interconnection of music and liturgy from the beginning through Gregorian chant , polyphonic music, folk and spiritual song to the votive Mass of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at the advent mass was sung . With the advent mass bachelor thesis observes their development from inception to the present form and location in the now commonly used hymn books . They recorded town , where most advent mass singing and where they are most often placed archival indicative of their original form. These records, ie different rorátní books and hymn books are also briefly mentioned . Attention is drawn to the most frequent interpreters advent mass , and those are the literary fraternity. The work also mentions the importance of the advent mass for the Czech language and shows the advent mass as a natural expression of deep devotion in the Czech Keywords Singing, song, advent, liturgy, music, advent mass, literary brotherhoods, Hymnal, Marian devotion
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Vocal and Voice Disorders
Gerasimova, Olga ; Tichá, Alena (advisor) ; Volavá, Iva (referee)
This thesis deals with vocal and voice disorders and draws on czech and russian authors. The theoretical part consists of a survey of disorder classification by czech and russian voice pedagogues, phoniatricians, physicians and speech therapists. Practical part is focused on vocal hygiene and on description and examples of practical drills, suitable for prevention and therapy of vocal and voice disorders. In the end there are given several musical notation excercises that are applicable to voice training and therapy.
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The effect of urbanization on life-history strategies in birds
Houšková, Karolína ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Poláková, Simona (referee)
Urbanisation process is recently a wide-spread process that causes high-impact environmental transformation. Habitats affected by urbanization tend to change substantially and ongoing changes influence organisms living in this environment. Urban environment modifies many abiotic conditions (e.g. temperature, artificial light and noise) and biotic factors (e.g. food supply, parasite prevalence, predation pressure) in comparison to natural habitats. In this manner, especially urban bird populations have recently gained broad attention by an increasing number of ecologists. Urban avoiders - typically sensitive and specialized bird species often vanish from urbanized landscapes. However, many bird species were able to colonize urban environment and coexist successfully with man. Populations of birds living in such a new type of environment show many characteristics different from populations living in original habitats. The objective of this work is to review current studies about changes of life strategies in urban bird populations such as modifications of acoustic signals, differences in reproductive and food ecology and physiological or behavioural responses.
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Individual acoustic monitoring of songbirds - case study on the tree pipit
Pišvejcová, Iveta ; Petrusková, Tereza (advisor) ; Linhart, Pavel (referee)
In field behavioural and ecological studies, it is often necessary to identify specific individuals. In birds, colour rings are often used as individual marks. However, rings might be difficult to observe, especially in small species and dense habitats. Thus recently, individual acoustic monitoring is becoming more commonly used to study of birds. This method is based on the recognition of individuals and often on the difference between temporal and spectral parameters of their vocalizations. However, in passerine species with more complex song these acoustic characteristics may not be reliable. In my thesis I used an alternative approach for the individual acoustic monitoring, based on differences in syllable repertoires of individual Tree Pipit males (Anthus trivialis). So far I have not found any study that would use a similar approach with other migratory passerine species with more complex song. The main aim of my study was to test the possibility of using syllable repertoires for recognition of specific individuals and to determine if this method is more efficient than identification by colour banding. From four years of research on the Tree Pipits population in the selected location in Brdy I received acoustic data from 59 males that I subsequently analyzed in a bioacoustic program. The...
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